Aymbw  11

X-o-W-Nn-InknXw

tmI x

1 - 10

11 - 20

21 - 30

31 - 40

AYmXx X-oW NnInknXw hymJym-kymax

CXn-l-kvaml `K-hm-\m-t{Xbx

1

C\n X-oW NnInknXw F Aym-bs Bt{Xb `K-hm D]-tZ-in-Xp {]Imcw Xs An-thi aljn hnh-cn-p-p-v.

DZm-c-Ion {_jn-cm-t{Xbx ]c-am-hn

X-oW NnInkm anZ-aml NnInknXw

2

DZm-c-a-Xnbpw bi-kznbpw ]c-ams Adn-bp--h-\p-amb Bt{Xb {_jn Dc-Xw sImv oWn-X-cm-b-hsc NnIn-n-p-hm-\mbn Cu X-oW NnIn-nXw F Aym-bs ]d-b-s-p.

[\p-jm-b-kytXm ƒ Xyw `mc-ap-Zz-l-tXm-Kpcw

]XtXm hnj-tam-tmt`ym _en`nx kl-bp-yXx

hrjw lbw hm [mhw Zayw hm ƒ \yw \nKr-lvWXx

inem-Im-jvTmiva \nLm-Xm n]-tXm-\n-Lv\-Xx ]cm

A[n-bm-\ky hmXyp-ss Zpcw hm {hP-tXm-{ZpXw

alm-\-Zo hmX-ctXm lssb hmk-l-[m-hXx

k^-tkmX tXmXyw Xq-m]n {]\r-XyXx

XYmss\yx I`nx {Iqssc`-a-`ym-l-X-kyhm

hntX h-kn-hym-[n _e-hm kaq-Zo-cytX

kv{Xojp-NmXn {]k-ky cqm {]an-Xm-in\x

3

hnp-sImv IqSp-X-embn Akv{X-{]-tbmKw sNp-I, IqSp-X `mc-ap-Xv FSp-p-s]m-p-I, Db-c-n \ntm Ipgn-bntem hogp-I, Xt-m _e-ap--h-t\mSv a]n-Spw ]nSn-p-I, Imftbm IpXn-ctbm t]mp-t]m-se-bp av Pohn-Itfm HmSp-tm ]nSnp \nm {ian-p-I, Iv, hSn, sNdp-I-v, apX-em-b-h-sImv ap--h-cn \nv ASn, Gdv apX-em-bh Gevp-I, AXyp--n sNmn-]-Tn-p-I, IqSp-X Zqc-n AXn-thKw \Sp sNp-I, henb \Zn \on--S-p-I, IpXn-c-bpsS Hn-tm-Sp-I, s]sv hfsc Db-c-n NmSp-I, hfsc thK-n IqSp-X-embn \rw sNpI apX-em-b-h-sImpw CXp-t]m-ep av {Iqc-I--sf-smpw IqSp-I-embn X-tap--hs Dc-n hnti-jnv X-ap-m-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. Atm AXv _e-amb Dc-X tcmK-ns XpS--nv Imc-W-am-bn--o-cp--Xm-Ip-p. kv{Xohnjbw IqSp-X-embn sNp--h\pw cqm-lm-chpw Aev]m-lm-chpw Ign-p--h\pw Dc-Xw Dm-Ip-p.

Dtcm-hn-cp-PytX ƒ Xyw-`n-ZytX ƒ Y hn`-P-ytX

{]]o-tUytX XXx ]mtiz-ip-jy-XywKw {]th-]tX

{Iam-Zzo-cbw _ew htm-cp-Nn-c-n--lo-btX

Pztcm-hy-Ym-a-t\m-ssZcyw hnUvt`tZm ƒ nh-[-kvXYm

ZpjvTxiymhx kpZpKnx ]otXm-hn-{K-Yn-tXm-_lpx

Imk-am-\ky Nm`ovWw I^x km{k-{]-htX

kXx ob-tX-Xyw XYm-ip-{Iu-Ptkm bm

Ahyw eWw Xky ]q-cq-]-an-Xn-varXw

4

ta]d [\p-jm-b-ky-XmZn Imc-W--tf-smv Dcv AXy-[nIw thZ-\n-p-Ibpw cmbn ]nf-cp---Xp-t]mse tXmp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Ip-p. AXn\p tijw hmcn---bn thZ-\bpw icocw timjn-p-Ibpw hnd-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Ip-p. {Ia-n hocyw _ew, hw, cpNn, PT-cm-n-\miw Fn-hbpw Dm-Ip-p. C{]-Im-c-samw apmbn Npa-p Dcx-X tcmKnv Zpjn-Xpw Idppw abpw IeXpw ZpK--ap-Xpw a-\n-d-ambpw I-bmbpw cw Iepw [mcmfw I^w Fmbvtmgpw t]mIp--Xm-Ip-p. C{]-Imcw Dc--X-ap tcmKn iptm-P-p-I-fpsS bw-sImv AXy-[nIw oWn-p--Xm-Ip-p. Aev]w hy-amb Dc--X-ns ]q-cq-]-e-Ww D{]-Im-c-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

DtcmcpIvtim-Wn-X-nx Imtkm-ssh-ti-jnIx tX

otW kc--aq-{XXzw ]miz-]r-jvT-I-So-{Klx

5

kml-knI {]hr-n-sIm-p-mb Dcx--X-n s\v thZ-\, cw On-p-I, Imkw Fnh hnti-jnpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Ipp kv{Xotkh apX-em-bh sImv iptm-P-p-I-fpsS bw \nan--ap-mb DcxX-n aq{X-n cw Iep-t]m-hp-I, hmcn--, ]pdw, Ac-sv Fn-hn-S--fn ]nSpw Fo hnti-j-e--W- Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p.

A]-enw-K-ky-Zo-]mXm ƒ tx kmt[ym _e-h-tXm-\hx

]cn-kw-hkmcm-bm]yx k-enwKw hnh-tb

6

Aev]-e--Whpw Zo]-\-f-nbpw Ds-n-epw tcmKn _e-hm\pw tcmKw ]pXn-b-Xp-am-sW-nepw B Dcx-Xw NnInknp amp-hm km[n-p--Xm-Ip-p. Hcp sImw Ign--Xm-sW-n NnInknp sImt Ccp-m kpJw Inp--Xm-Ip-p. IqSp-X ]g-In-bXpw Fm e-W--tfmSp IqSn-b-Xp-amb Dcx-Xw hn--Ww.

Dtcm-aXzm Xw-emmw ]b-km-a[p kwbpXmw

kZy Gh ]nt_-ot ]b-km-Zym k icw

]miz-hkvXn cpPm-Nm ]nm-nkvXmw kpcm-bpXmw

`n-hnSvIx kap-kvXmXn hnjm-]mTmw khkImw

emmw kn a[q-njvSw Poh-\o-b-K-Ww-knXmw

Xzocnw kanXmw otc-]zm Zn]vXm-\ex ]nt_

7

Dcx-Xw DWw-Sm-bn-p-sv a\-n-em-bm DS-s\-Xs tIme-c-ns Nqw tX\n tNv tkhnp ]m IpSn--Ww. CXv Zln-m ]-kmc tN tNmdp-p-Ibpw ]mIp-Sn-p-Ibpw sN-Ww. hmcn---bnepw hkvXn-bnepw thZ-\bpw Aev]-]n-hpw Aev]m-n-bp-am-sW-n tIme-cv Nqw kpcm-a-Zy-n tNp-sIm-Sp--Ww. Dcx--X-tcm-Knv AXn-km-c-ap-s-n ap-, AXn-hn-Sbw, ]mS-n-gv, IpS-I-m-e-bcn Fn-h-bpsS Nqw sImSp--Ww. tIme-c-v, s\v tXsa-gpIv, Poh-\o-b-K-Wu-j-[- ]-km-c, apf-q-cw, tKmXv s]mSn Ch-sbmw IqSn ]men ]mIw sNbvXp Zo]-\-in IqSp-X-ep Dcx--X-tcmKn IpSn--Ww. CXv tIme-cpw Poh-\o-b-K-Wu-j-[-fpw sImv ]m-jm-b-ap-mn AXn s\pw sagpIpw ]-km-cbpw apf--c-q-c-hpw tKmXv s]mSnbpw bpym-\p-k-cWw tNv ]mIw sNbvXp]tbm-Kn-p--XmWv \-Xv.

Czm-enIm hnk-{Kn ]-tI-k-c-N-ss\x

irXw-]-tbm-a-[p-bpXw km-\mw ]nt_Xn

8

hbp-n-th-cv, Xma-c-h-f, Xn-en-th-cv, Xma-c-b-n, c-N-\w Fn-h-I-sf-smv ]m-jm-b-ap-mn XWn-m tX tNp Dc-n Dmb Xw tbmPn-p-hm-\mbn Dcx--X-tcmKn IpSn--Ww.

bhm\mw Nq-am-Zmb oc-knw LrX-qXw

Pztc-Zm-tl-kn-Xm-u{Z kqhm ]b-km-]n-t_

9

Dcx--X-tcm-Knv ]\nbpw Npp--\o-depw Ds-n bh-ns Nqw ]men ]mIw sNbvXp s\v tNp sImSp--Ww. AYhm ]-kmc, tX, aesmSn Ch ]men tNp IpSn-p-Itbm sN-Ww.

Imko-]mn iqeo-N-en-lym kLr-X-am-nImx

a[pI a[q-I-{Zm-m-Xz-vjoco ]nen _emx

10

Dcx--X-tcm-Knv Imkhpw kn-I-fnepw An-bnepw thZ-\bpw Ds-n Ccn--m-X cn-a-[pcw apn-cn, apf-q-cw, Xn-en, Ipdp-tm-n-thcv hkaw s]mSnp tX\pw s\pw tNp tkhn--Ww.

Gem-]-{X-XztNm ƒ mmx ]n-ey-]ew XYm

knXm-a-[pI Jpc ar-Zzo-Im ]temanXmx

kwNqy-a-[p\m bpym KpUnImx kw{]I

A-am-{Xmw XX-ssImw `-tbm Znt\ Znt\

Imkw izmkw Pzcw-lnmw Ow aqmw am{`aw

c-\n-jvTo-h\w XrjvWmw ]miz-iqe atcm-NIw

timj-o-lm-Vy-hm-Xmw kzcm-`Zw X-bw

KpUnIm XWo hrjym c-]n- \mi-tb.

GemZn KpUnIm

11

Ge--cn, ]n-e, Ce-hwKw Ch Hmtcmpw Hc Ig-n-ho-Xw, Xnen Ac--ew, ]-km-c, C-c-n-a-[p-cw, Imc-, apn-cn Ch Hmtcm-]ew Fmw IqSn s]mSn Kpfn-I-bm-p-hm thp-{X tX tNp apqp Ig-n-hoXw Kp-fn-I--bp-cpn Hmtcm KpfnI Fm Znh-khpw Dcx--X-ap a\p-jy tkhn--Ww. Cu KpfnI Imkw, izmk-tcm-Kw, Pzcw, n, On, tamlm-ekyw, at\m-hn-{`-aw, Xe-Np- cw Xp, Zmlw, hmcn---th-Z-\, Acp-Nn, bw, ol-tcmKw BVy-hm-Xw, H-b-S-v, Dc--X-P-\y-amb bw, c-]nw Fn-hsb \in-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. Cu GemZn KpfnI Xr]vXn-I-c-]hpw ip hrn-I-c-hp-am-Ip-p.

ct ƒ Xnhrt mWvUw bqssj-kvtXm-tb\ hm ]nt_

NS-ImWvU ckw hm]n-cw hm-OmK PmwKew

12

Dcx--X-n cw IqSp-X-em-bn-tm-Ip-p-s-n sNdp-]-bcv apX-emb [m\y- shq-n-sb-Sp ck-ntem ip-P-e-ntem tImgn-ap ASnp tNp-Ip-Sn--Ww. AYhm CXp-t]mse Xs NS-I--n-bpsS ap IpSn-p-Itbm Bn-s-tbm am apX-emb PmwKe Pohn-I-fp-I-tStbm cw IpSn-p-Itbm sN-Ww.

Nqw ]u\hw c-im-en-X-WvUpe icw

c-jvTnhn ]nt_ knw {Zmmc k]-tbm-LrXw

13

cw Xpp--h sXgp-Xm-a-thcv, sN--cn, ]-kmc Ch kaw s]mSn-p-s]mSn apn-cn-m-c-khpw ]mepw s\pw tNp ]mIw sNbvXp tkhn--Ww.

a[pI a[pI oc knw hm XWvUp-eobIw

cqV-hmX kvXzPm-taZx kpcm-`rjvSw kssk-hw

14

AYhm cw Xpp--h Ccn--qhpw Cc--a-[p-chpw sImv ]m-jm-b-ap-mn AXn sNdp-Noc ]mIw sNbvXp tkhn-m cw Xpp-Xv \nevpw. hmbp A\p-tem-a-amb {]hn-msX Dn XSp \nevp Dcx--X-tcm-Knv Bns taZv kpcm-a-Zy-n ]dpp Cpv tNp sImSp-p-Ww.

max oWx tXm-c-kvI-kvXz-\n-{ZkvXz _te ƒ \nte

irX-oc ctk-\m-Zym kLr-X-u{Z icw

15

Dcx--X-tcm-Knv icocw saen-bp-Ibpw oW-ap-m-hp-Ibpw Dd-n-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw hmX-nv _ew Ipd-hp-am-sW-n Imnb ]mepw amwk-c-khpw Iqn s\pw tX\pw ]-km-cbpw tNp tNmdp--Ww.

i-cm-bh tKm[q-au-Po-h-Ij`Iu-a[p

irX-o-cm-\p-]m\w hmen-lym oWx Xo-Irix

16

AYhm oW\pw Iri-\p-amb Dcx--X-tcmKn bhw, tKmXv, PohIw, CS-hIw Ch s]mSnp ]kmc-bpw tX\pw tNp tkhn-p-Ibpw Imnb ]m A\p-]m-\-ambn IpSn-p-I-bpw thWw.

{Ihym-Z-amw-k-\n-cyplw LrX-`rjvSw ]nt_-kx

]n-eo-u{Z kwbpw amwk-tim-Wn-\-h\w

17

oW\pw Iri-\p-amb Dcx--X-tcmKn amwkw Xnp Pohn-I-fpsS amwk-ns Ijm-b-n s\v hdhv tNp XWnm Xn-en-Nqhpw tX\pw tNp-]-tbm-Kn-m amwkhpw chpw hn-p--Xm-Ip-p.

\yt{Kmt[m Zpw_-cm-iz -ime {]bw-Kp`nx

Xme-a-kvX-IPw _qXzIv {]nbm-sse k ]ssIx

kmiz-Iss irXm ocm-Z-Zym--tX\ kjm

imteym-Z\w tXm-ckvIx W-ip-{I am\hx

18

Cn, An, Ac-bm-ev, Bev, ]bn Fn-h-I-fpsS tXmev Rmhqhv, ]\wIqv, RmdtXm-ev, apca-c-m-b, ]Xp-ap-Iw, acp-XntXmev Fn-h-I-tf-smv ]m-jm-b-ap-mn AXn \nv IS-s-Sp-p s\v Iqn sNs--cn-tm-dv, Dcx--X-ap--h\p ipw bn--h-\p-amb a\p-jy D-Ww.

bjv-Sym-lz -\m-K-_-etbmx IzmtY-oc kaw-LrXw

]b-kym-]--eo-hmw-io-I-knw tX-lnXw.

19

Cc-n-a-[p-cw, B\-p-dp-tm-n-thcv Fn-h-bpsS Ijmbw s\ns \men-c-nbpw s\nv kaw ]mepw s\ns \men-sem-cp-`mKw AS-]-X-b Ingv Xn-en, apf-cw, Fnh Ievhpw tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\v Dcx--X-nv \-X-Ip-p.

tIme-em-m-c-tk-X-Zz ocjvS KpW-km-[nXw

Issx ISzw-K-Zmo-XzIv hk-I-XzIv ^sseLrXw

20

e-pcp, tIme-cv Fn-h-bpsS Ijm-b-n ta]-d--Xp-t]mse ]mepw Ievhpw tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\pw Dcx--X-nv \-Xm-Ip-p. s\ns Ccn ]men ]mXn-cn-thcv ac-a--tm-ev, IpS-I-me thtm-ev, IpS-I-m-e-b-cn Fnh Ievw tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\pw Dcx--X-n\v \-Xm-Ip-p.

Poh-Ij-`Iu hocmw-Po-how \mK-cw-iSow

NX-{k-]vn-\o tatZ-Im-tImfyu tZz\n-Zn-KvntI

]p\-th-tZz-a-[p-I-am--Kp-]vXmw iXmhcow

Enw-]-cq-jIw `mMo-ar-ZzoIw _rl-Xow-XYm

irwKm-SIw Xma-eIow ]bkyw ]-eow-_emw

_Z-cm-tmU Jqc hmXm-am-`njp ImWy]n

^em\n ssNh-am-Zo\n Im IpoX Imjn-Im

[m{Xo ck-hn-Zm-cop OmK-amw-k-ckw ]bx

ZXz-{]-tman-Xm `mKm LrX-{]w hn]m-Nm-tb

{]m-a-[p\x iotXi-cm-Xpemw XYm

]em-I--a-cnN XztKem ]{X-tI-k-cm

hn\o-b-NqnXw Xkvam-n-lym am{Xmw kZm-\cx

Aar-X-{]m-i-an-tXy-X--cm-Wm-a-ar-Xw-LrXw

kp[m-ar-X-c-k-{]Jyw oc-amwk ckm-io\x

\jvS-ip-{I--X-oW Zp_-e-hym-[n-]o-Un-Xm

kv{Xo{]-kmw kvXYm-h-kz-c-^o\mw_rw-l-tb

Imk-ln-m-Pz-c-izmk Zml-XrjvWm{k]n--\p

]p{X-Zw-O-aqOmlr-tZym-\n-aq-{Xm-a-bm-]lw

Aar-X-{]miw LrX-w.

21

PohIw, CS-h-Iw, oc-Im-tIm-fn, AS-]-Xn-bIn-g-v, Npv, Iqcw, Hmcn-e-th-cv, aqhn-e-th-cv, Imp-gp-nth-cv, Imp-]-b-cn Ingv, ImtIm-fn, oc-Im-tIm-fn, sNdp-h-Zn-\n-th-cv, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, \mbn-p-cp-W-hn-v, iXm-h-cn-n-g-v, En, Nno-nI-, sNdp-tX-nth-cv, apn-cn-, sNdp-h-Zn-\n-th-cv, hsIm--th-cv, Iogms\-n-th-cv, ]map-Xn-nIn-gv, Xn-en, Ipdp-tm-n-th-cv, e-p-cp, At{Im-v, Imc-, _Zmw, A`n-jq-I-^ew apX-emb hmX-]n--l-c-amb ^e- Fnh aqv Ign hoXw FSp--cp Ievw tNp s\n-m-kz-c-kw, ]map-Xp-n Ing-n kzckw, Icn-n \ocv, Bnamwkw-c-kw, ]mev Ch cn-S--gnbpw tNp kvt\l-]mI hn[n-{]-Imcw Imn Acn-s-Sp--Ww. XWp--Xn\p tijw Hcn-S-gn tX\pw 50 ]ew ]-km-cbpw Ac-]ew hoXw Ipcp-ap-fIv CehwKw, ]n-e, \mK-qhv Ch s]mSn s]mSnbpw tNp tbmPp-np am{X-\n--bnp tkhn--Ww. Cu Aar-X-{]m-i-LrXw a\p-jy-mv Aar-Xn\v ka-am-Ip-p. ]mepw amwk-c-khpw Iqn Dp-sImv Aar-Xn\v Xpey-amb Cu Aar-X-c-ks tkhn-t--Xm-Ip-p. ip--b-ap--h Dcx--Xw-sImv oWn--h, _e-lo-\-m tcmKw sImv oWn--h, A[n-I-amb kv{Xotkh sNp--h Fn-h-tcbpw \nd-t`-Zhpw H-b-Spw D-h-tcbpw Cu s\v XSn-n-pw. Imkw, Fn-, Pzcw, izmk-tcm-Kw, Npp-\o-d Zmlw, c-]nw Fn-hsb ian-n-pw. km\ em`-ap-m-pw. On, tamlm-ekyw, lrt{Zm-lw, tbm\n-tcmKw aq{X-tcmKw Fn-h-tbbpw ian-n-pw.

izZw-jvt{Sm-io-c-a-RvPnjvSm _em-Im-ivacy IrWw

Z`-aqhw ]rY-Iv]o ]em-ij-`-Iu-ncm

]en-Im km[-tb tXjmw ctk oc NXpptW

Issx kzKp-]vXm-Po-ho taZ-cmj-`I PohssIx

iXm-h-cyn arZzoIm im-cm-{im-hWo hnsskx

{]x kntm-Lr-Xm-Zzm-X-]n lrZv`-h-iq-e-\p

aq{X-Ir{ {]ta-lmix Imk-timj bm-]lx

[\px kv{Xoa-Zy-`m-cm-[z-Jn-m\mw _e-amw-kZx

izZw-jv{Sm-Zyw-LrXw

22

sRcn-n, cma-w, ]qh-w, Ipdp-tm-n-th-cv, Ipap-Znth-cv, Ir-Ww, Z`-th-cv, Hmcn-e-th-cv, Na-X-tm-ev, CS-h-Iw, aq-hn-e-thcv Ch Htcm-]ew FSpp Ijmbw sh-Ww. Ch-I-fpsS Ijm-b-n s\ns \men-cn ]ip-hn]mepw Iev-ambn \mbvp-c-W-hnv, AS-]-Xn-b Ing-v, En apn-cn-, ]-km-c, {imh-Wn, Xma-c-hf Ch s\ns \men-semv tNp cn-S--gn s\v ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. Cu s\v hmXw, ]nw, lrt{Zm-lw, Ai-v, Imkw. timjw, bw, Ch-tbbpw ian-n-pw. Akv{X-{]-tbmKw sImpw kv{Xotk-h-sImpw aZy-]m\w sImpw `mcw Npa-p-I-sImpw oWn--hpw _ehpw amwk-h-\hpw Dm-pw.

a[p-Im-jvS-]ew {Zmm {]-IzmtY ]tN-ZvLrXw

]n-ey-jvS-]te It{]w kntN ioXte

]rYKjvS-]ew u{Z i-cm`ymw hnan-{i-tb

ka-kp X-oa c-KptaN XnXw kp-{]-tbmKx

23

8-]ew Cc-n-a-[pchpw 16--]ew apn-cn-bpw IqSn Ijmbw shp AXn 8 ]ew Xn-en, Ievw tNp 2 C-S-gn s\v ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. s\v XWn-m 8 ]ew tX\pw 8 ]ew ]-km-cbpw s\nv kaw aesm-Snbpw tNp tbmPn-n--Ww. CXv Dcx--X-n\pw c-Kp-\pw \-Xm-Ip-p.

[m{Xo-^e hnZm-cnXvjp Poh-\ob csskLrXw

APm-tKm-]-b-tkm-ss-h-k-]v{X-m ]tNZv`njIv

kn-iotX knXm-u{Zw Zzn{]w hn\-tb--X

vam-]-kvamc ]nm-kr-m-k-tal Xm-]lw

hbxm]-\-am-bqjyw amwk-ip-{I-_-e-{]Zw

LrXp ]nt ƒ `y[n-tI-en-lymhmtX ƒ [ntI-]n-_

eoVw \nm-]-tb ]n-a ]Xzm--n-\m-\ew

B{I-a-Xy-\new ]oX-ap-jvamWw \ncp-W-nN

ma-oW Irimw-Km\m taXm-t\yh LrX-\nXp

XzIvocn ]n-eo-emP Nqssx kXym-\m\ tbmP-tb

24

s\n-m-kz-ckw, ]map-Xp-nIn-g-ns kzckw, Icn-n \ocv, Poh-\o-b-KW Ijmbw, s\v, Bn]m-ev, ]ip-hn]mev Ch Ggpw Hmtcm CS-gn FSpp s\v ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. CXnv Iev-an-. s\v Acn-s-Sp--Xn-\p-tijw XWn-m AXn 56 ]ew ]-km-cbpw Hcn-S-gn tX\pw tNp tbmPn-n--Ww. CXv bw, A]-kvam-cw, c-]n-w, Imkw, {]talw, Dcx-Xw Fo tcmK-sf ian-n-pw. amwk-]p-jvSn-tbbpw ip-hr-n-tbbpw _e-t-bpw Dm-pw. s\m-Is ]nmL-L-[-Iy-n \n-n-p-Ibpw hmXm-[n-Iy-n IpSn-p-I-bpw sNWw. tel\w sNp s\v ]ns ian-n-p-I-bpw Aev]-am-{X-bn-em-b-Xp-sImv PT-cm-nsb ao-`-hn-n-m-Xn-cn-p-I-bpw sNpw. IpSn-p s\v hmXs ian-n-p-I-bpw PT-cm-n-bpsS h-hns\ XS-bp-I-bpw sNpw. tZlw saenp oW-ap--hv Cu ]d s\v Xs Iqh \qdpw Xn-enbpw aecpw s]mSnp tNp In-bm-n-bnv sImSp--Ww.

knKp-Um ka-[zw-im PK-zm-Nm-\p-]bx ]nt_

tc-tXm-hocyw _ew ]pjvSnw ssXcm-ip-X-c-am-]v\p-bm

25

ta ]d Xz-Ivo-cn-Xn-eo emP-Nq--fnp Dcpn FSp----hn-[-n-em-nb s\n thp{X tX tNp tkhnp AXn-\p-ta ]m IpSn--Ww. AXns D]-tbmKw sImv ipw, hocyw, ]pjvSn Fnh F{X-bpw thmK-n e`n-p--Xm-Ip-p.

_em-hn-Zmco {lkzmN ]-aq-en-]p-\hm

]m\mw ocn-hr-mWmw ipwKm-apjvSyw iIm-A]n

Gjmw Ijmtb Zznotc hnZmcy Pc-kmw-intI

Poh-\ossbx ]tN Iss-c amss{-X LrXm-VIw

kntXm]em-\n-]q-tXXp iotX-Zzm{Xnw iZm-hm-]

tKm[qa ]n-en-hmwio Nqw irwKm-S-I-kyN

kam-nIw IuU-hnIw Xkw JP-aonXw

kvXym\w knKy-UmIrXzm-`q-]-t{XW thjvS-tb

XmPKvZ[zm ]en-Im ocw aZy-m\p ]nt]It^

timtj-Imtk X otW {iakv{Xo `mc-IjntX

c-\n-jvSo-ht\ Xmt] ]o\-tk-tNm-ckn ntX

ikvXmx ]miz-kocx iqte t`tZN kzc-htbmx

26

Ipdp-tm-n-thcv ]map-Xp-n Ing-v, Hmcn-e-th-cv, aqhn-e-th-cv, sNdp-h-Zn-\n-th-cv, shh-gp-Zn-\n-th-cv, sXmgp-Xm-a-th-cv, An, Cn, Bev, Ac-bm-ev, I-c-bmev Fn-h-I-fpsS samv Ch Hmtcm-]-ew, FSpp Fn-cn sh-n Ijmbw shp \men-sem-mn Acn-s-Spp B Ijm-b-n s\ns Ccn ]ip-hn ]mepw s\np kaw ]map-Xp-n Ing-n kzc-khpw Bn amwk-c-khpw tNp Poh-\ob KW-nse ]v acp-p-I apqv Ig-n-hoXw Ievhpw tNp Fn-S-gn s\v ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. Acn-s-Spp XWn-m AXn 32 ]ew Iev-n-smSn tNp tbmPn-np ]noSv AXn tKmX-w, Xn-en, apf--cw, hsIm--n-gv, Fn-h-I-fpsS Nqw \mev ]ew hoXhpw 8 ]ew tX\pw tNp Fmw IqSn ItSmsImv ISp tbmPn-np In-bm-bm Dcpn ]qX-Wv hr-ns Ce-bn s]mXnp sh-Ww. Cu knKpUw Hcp ]etam An-_-e-n--\p-k-cntm tkhnp AXns aosX ]m IpSn--Ww. I^{]-[m-a-\mb tcmKn-bm-sW- ]mens m\v aZyw IpSn--Ww. CXv bw, Imkw, Dcx-Xw Fn-h-I-fnepw ITn-\m-zm-\w, AXn-bmb kv{Xotkh `mcw-Np-a- Fn-h-I-sf-smv icocw saen--hpw cw Xpp--Xnepw AXn-bmb DjvW-aph\pw ]o\-k-nepw Dc-n-ep-m-Ip Fm tcmK--fnepw \-Xm-Ip-p. CXv ]miz-th-Z\ Xe-th-Z-\, kzc-t`-Zw, h-t`-Zw Fn-h-I-fnepw D-a-am-Ip-p.

XzI-voco{im-hWn {Zmm aq-j`I PohssIx

ho-cn-o-c-Im-tImfo _rl-Xo-I-]n-I-p`nx

Jp-c-^-e-ta-Zm`nx oc-]njvssSx ]temanssXx

[m{Xn hnZm-co-q-ck {]ssx {]w-Lr-Xm ]tN

i-cm-Xp-emw-iotX u{Zm {]-ta-hN

ZXzm-kn KpU-m IrXzm Imk lnm-Pz-cm-]-lm

bvamWw Xa-I-izmkw c-]nw ^eo-aIw

ip{I-\n-{Zm-bw Imiyw l\yq-kvXrjvWmw k Imaemw.

27

apf-Iq-cw, {imh-Wn, apn-cn-, s]cp-p-dp--thcv CS-h-Iw, PohIw, EXn, hrn, oc-Im-tIm-fn, sN\-dp-h-Zn-\n-th-cv, \mbn-p-c-W-hn-v, Imc-, taZ, Ch Hmtcm-]ew ]ip-hn ]men Acp Iev-amn cn-S-gn s\n-m-kz-c-khpw cn-S-gn ]map-Xp-n Ing-n kzc-khpw cn-S-gn Icnn \ocpw cn-S-gn s\pw tNp kvt\l-]m-I-hn-[n-{]-Imcw ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. XWn-m 50 ]ew ]-km-cbpw Hcn-S-gn tX\pw tNp tbmPn-np knKp-U-amn FSp--Ww. CXv Im-kw, Fn, Pzcw, bw, \n{Zm--bw, icocw saen-hv, Zmlw, Imae Fn-hsb ian-n-p.

\h-am-eIw {Zmm-a--Kp]vXmw iXmhcow

]p\hmw hnZm-co kamwimw ]n-eo-a]n

]rY-IvZ-i-]-em `mKm ]em-\y-jvSuN \mK-cm

bjvSymlz kuh-e-tbmZzn-]ew acn-N-kyN

oc-ssXe LrXm-\m BV-tI-i-cm-itX

IzYntX Xm\n Nqm\n PXzm-hn-ez-k-am KpUm

Ip-cym Xm `-tb oWx X ipjvI--am-\hx

tX\-km-tZym-c-k-Zo\mw hrym-]pjvSnw k_n-Xn.

28

s\n-, apn-cn-, \mbn-p-c-W-hn-v, iXm-h-cn-n-g-v, sXgp-Xm-a-th-cv, ]map-Xp-n Ing-v, Xnen Ch-kaw 10 ]ew, Npv 8 ]ew, Cc-n-a-[pcw 1 ]ew, kuh-e-e-hWw 1 ]ew, Ipcp-ap-fIv 2 ]ew Ch-sbmw IqSn s]mSnp s]mSn-bm-n-sh--Ww. ]ip-hn ]mev 4 CS-gn, s\v 4 CS--gn, ]-kmc 100 ]ew Ch-sbm IqSn ]mIw sNbvXp ]m hn-bm-se-Spp ta ]d Nqhpw tNp tbmPn-np Hmtcm ]ew hoX-ap Kpfn-I-bmn sh-Ww. CXns\ ip-bw sImpw Dcx-Xw sImpw icocw bn a\p-jy tkhn-Ww. CXv tkhn-m ckm-Zn-[m-Xp- s]v hn-p-Xp sImv icocw s]sp Xs ]pjvSn-s-SpXm-Ip-p.

tKmo-cm-Zv Zzym-VIw knx {]-an-p-c-km-VIw

hnZm-co-km-h-c-km {]w ckm {]--ssXn-cm

ZZym knyXn Xkvanw ]njvSm-\np cssk-cn-am

a[q-I-]pjv] IpUhw ]nbm-f-Ip-U-hw-XYm

IpUhmw XpKm-ocymx Jp-cm-Wm hnwinXnw

]rYKv hn`o-X-Im-\m ]n-eym--N-XpnImw

{Xnwi ]em\n JWvUm a[p-Im Ij-ta-hN

XYm ]en-Im-\y{X Poh-\o-bm\n Zm]-tb

knt ƒ kvan IpUhw u{Zm-otX ZXzmN tamZ-Im

Imc-tba-cn-Nm-PmPo ]e-Nqmh Nqn-Xm

hmXmkrIv]n--tcm-tKjp X-Imtk tb-jpN

ipjyXmw oW-iq-{ImWmw ct-tNmc knkw-ntX

Iri-Zp_-e-hr-m\mw ]pjvSn-h _emn\mw

tbm\ntZmj IrX-{kmh lXm-\m-m]n tbmjnXmw

K`m-\o\mw K` {kth-Zymkmw{antb-Xhm

[\ym-_eym lnXm-kvXmkmw ip{I-tim-Wn-X-h\mx kntam-ZIx

29

]ip-hn ]m 16 CS-gn, s\v 2 CS--gn, Icn-n \ocv, 8 CS-gn, ]m apXp-n Ing-n kzckw 2 CS--gn, Xnn-cn-p-ns amwk-ckw 2 CS--gn, Ch-sbmw IqSn ]mIw sNbvXp Pemwiw apgp-h hn-bm FSpp AXn Ccn--qhv, 4 ]ew apcac-mb 4 ]ew apf-qcw 2 ]ew, Imc (Cu---gw) 20 Fw, Xm\n 20 Fw, Xnen 1 ]ew, Iev-n 30 ]ew, Ccn a[pcw 3 Ign, Poh-\o-b-K-Wu-j-[- Ac-]ew Ch-sbmw IqSn Inc-n \ocn-e-cp tNp hopw ]mIw sNbvXp XWn-m 8 ]ew tX\pw tNp tamZ-I-am-n-sb-Sp--Ww. CXn Ipcp-ap-fIpw Poc-Ihpw IqSn Hcp ]ew FSpp s]mSnp ]mp-Ibpw thWw. Cu tamZIw c-hm-Xw, ]n-tcm-Kw, Dcx-Xw, Imkw, bw, timjw, ip--bw, cw-Xp- Fo tcmK--fn D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. CXv saenhpw Zp_-e-mpw hr-mpw ico-c-]p-jvSnbpw h-{]-km-Zhpw _ehpw B{K-ln-p--hpw tbm\n-tZmjw, tbm\n-{km-hw, tbm\n-Xw Fn-h-bp kv{XoIpw K`-an-m--hv K`w-[-cn-p-hm\pw Dmb K`w Ae-kn-tm-Ip--hpw K`--inip acn-p-t]m-Ip--hpw Ghpw \-Xm-Ipp. CXv Ghpw ico-c-_-es Dm-p-Xpw lnX-I-chpw ip-tbpw c-tbpw hn-n-p--Xp-am-Ip-p.

hkvXn-tZti hnIpmtW kv{Xo{]-k--ky-am-cptX

hmX-Lv\m _rwl-Wm hrjym tbmKmw-kvXky {]tbm-P-tb

30

AXn-bmb kv{Xotk-h-sImv hkvXn-{]-tZ-iv hmX-hn-Im-c-ap-m-hp-I-bm-sW-n AXn\v hmX-\m-i-Ihpw _rwl-Wo-bhpw ip-hr-n-I-c-a-hp-am-bn-p Huj-[- D]-tbm-Kn--Ww.

i-cm]veo Nqssx knjm amn-tI-WN

kwbp-whm irXw-ocw ]nt_ Imk-Pz-cm-]lw

31

Imnb ]men ]-km-cbpw Xn-en-sm-Snbpw tNtm s\pw tX\pw tNtm IpSn-m Imkhpw Pzchpw ian-pw.

^emw knjm`rjvSw hnZm-co-p-c-tk-irXw

kv{Xojp oWx ]nt_-Zyqjw Poh\w _rwlWw]cw

32

]mapXp-n Ing-n-tbpw Icn-n-tbpw kzc-k-n sNdp-]-bcv apX-emb [m\y- ]mIw sNbvXp Acn-s-Spp AXn sNdp-\m-c apX-em-b-h-bpsS ]pfnbpw tNp s\v hdhv sNbvXp kv{Xohn-jbw sImv oWn--h IpSn-Ww. CXv Ghpw Poh-\obhpw _rwl-W-hp-am-Ip-p.

kq\mw hkv{X ]q-Xm\mw awju{Z- Lr-Xm-\znXw

bmh--kmtym Zo]vXmnx X-ivoWx ]nt_-cx

33

bh-\-ns aecv s]mSnp XpWn-sn Acn sh-n Ie-n-bm a-am-bn. B a-n tX\pw s\pw tNp Dcx-Xw sImv oWn-X-\m-b-h bh-km-y-\-s-nepw An-Zo-]vXn-bn-s-nepw IpSn--Ww. bh-[m\yw ioe-ap--h-\m-sW-nepw An-Zo-]vXn-bp-s-nepw CXv D]-tbm-Kn-t--Xn-s-w.

Po-h-\otbm]-knw hm PmwK-ew-LrX`nXw

ckw-{]-tbm-P-tbo-tW-hy-RvP-Xmw kicw

tKmaK-K-ln-jy-izm-\m-KmssPx ntcamwssk cssk-kvXYm

bYm-n-t`m-P-tb-Zyqssjx ^em LrX-kw-kvIrssXx

34

Poh-\ob KWu-j[ Ijm-b-n ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp PmwK-e-amw-k-ckw s\v hdhv tNp Aev]w ]-km-cbpw tNp Dcx-X oW-tcmKn Blm-c-nv Idn-bmbn D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. An-_-e-n-\-\p-k-cnp ]ip, Fcp-a, IpXn-c, B\, BSv, Dh-bn-te-sX-nepw Hns ]mtem PmwK-e-amw-ktam amwk-c-ktam [m\y-bq-jtam Iqn DuWp Ign-m-hp--Xm-Wv. amwk-c-k-nepw [m\y-bq-j-nepw sNdp-\m-c apX-em-b-h-bp-sS ]pfn-ckw tNp-I-bpw s\v hdhv sNp-Ibpw thWw.

Zo]vtX ƒ uhn-[n-tc-j-kymat Zo]-\-]m-N\x

bvanWmw hnlntXm {Kmln-`n-t-i-Ir-Xn-tN-jytX

35

Dcx-X tcmKnv An-Zo-]vXn-bp-s-n Cu ]d hn[n-I-sfmw \-Xm-Ip-p. An an-n-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n b NnIn--bn ]d Zo]-\-]m-N\ hn[n-I Chn-tSbpw {]tbm-Kn-p-Xv \-Xm-Ip-p. aew Abp t]mIp-p-s-nepw b-Nn-In--bn ]d ae-{Km-ln-bmb {]tbmK- {]tbm-Kn--Ww.

]enIw sskhw ipWvTo tZzN-ku-h-em ]te

IpU-hmw-im\n hrmw ZmUnaw ]{X-a-Im

GssIIw aco-Nm-Pm-tPym-[m-\y-Imtz NXpntI

i-cmbmx ]em-\y{X Zim-tZzN {]Zm-]-tb

IrXzm-Nqw XtXmam{Xm-a--]mt\ {]tbm-P-tb

tcmN\w Zo]\w_eyw ]mizmn-izmk Imk-\p. \

ssk-hm-Zn-Nqw.

36

Cpv 1 ]ew, Npv 1 ]ew, kuhe ehWw 2 ]ew, tImpfn 4 ]-hw, Ddp-am--g-tmSv 4 ]ew, Xpf-kn-Ce 4 ]ew, Ipcp-ap-fIv 1 ]ew, PocIw 1 ]ew, sIm-m-ecn 2 ]ew, ]-kmcw 12 ]ew Ch-sb-mw-IqSn s]mSnp bpn-t]mse am{X-\n--bnp A-]m-\m-Zn-I-fn tNp D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. CXv cpNn, Zo]-\-i-n, _ew Fn-hsb Dm-p-Xpw hmcn- thZ-\, izmk-tcmKw, Imkw Fn-hsb ian-n-p--Xp-am-Ip-p.

GIm-tjm-U-inIm [m\ymtz ƒ PmPy-P-tam-Ztbmx

Xm`ymw ZmUna hrmw ZznZznx kuh-em ]ew

ipWvTymx IjwZ[n-ky aym ]-]-em-\nN

Xqw tjmU-i-]te i-cmbm hnan-{i-tb

jmUmthm ƒ bw{]-tZbx kymZ ]mt\jp ]q-h

am-\te iIr-Zvt`-tZ-b-van-Wm-an h\x

CXn-jm-Uhx

37

sIm-m-ecn 1 ]ew, PocIw 2 ]ew, Ab-tam-ZIw 2 ]ew, Ddp-am--g-tmSv 4 ]ew, tImpfn 4 ]ew, kuh-e-e-hWw 1 ]ew, Npv 3 Ign Ddp-am--g-ns a 5 ]ew Ch-sbmw IqSn s]mSnp 16 ]ew ]-km-cbpw tNp tbmPn-nsSp--Ww. Cu jmU-h-Nqw apv ]d--Xp-t]mse-]m-\--fn bpn-t]mse am{X-\n--bnp tNp sImSp--Ww. CXv An-am-y--nepw aew Ab-p-t]m-Ip--Xnepw cmP-bvam tcmKn-bpsS An hn-p-hm\pw \-Xm-Ip-p.

]nt_-m-K-_em aqem-a Ij-hn-h\w

]Nw oc-bp-Xw-amwkw oc-hr-n-c-\--`pIv

Gj-{]-tbmKx ]pjvSym-bp _em-tcm-Ky-I-cx-]cx

aWvUq-I-]ym-It]mƒ -bw-ipWvTo a[p-I-tbm-kvXYm

38

B\-p-dp-tmn thtmev Hcp Znhkw H-c--gn hoXw hn-np Hcp ]e-am-Ip--Xp-h-scbpw Hcp ]e-am-bm Znh-kw Hmtcm-]ew hoXhpw ]ip-hn ]men-e-cp Ien tkhn--Ww. CXv tkhn-p-tm Am-lm-c--sfmpw Ign-p-hm ]mSn-. hni-p-tm ]mev am{Xw IpSn--Ww. Cu {]tbmKw ico-c-]pjvSn, Bbp-v, _ew, BtcmKyw Fn-h-bp-m-p-hm Ghpw \-Xm-Ip-p. Cu hn[n-{]-Imcw aWvUq-I-]n, Npv, Cc-n-a-[pcw Fn-hbpw {]tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Ip-p.

btZy kWw ioX-a-hn-Zm-ln-lnXw eLp

A-]m\w \ntjhyw X-X-nssWx kpJmn`nx

btmw bvan-Wm-]yw Imkn\mw c-]n-n\mw

X-Ip-cym-Z-th-ynw hym[n kmyw-_-ew-eYm

Dt]-ntX `th Xkvan-\p _tm lnb-vaWx

{]mtK-hm-K-a-\m Xky-X-kvam XwXz-c-bm-P-tb

39

GtXXv A-]m\w Xr]vXn-bp-f-hm-p-Xpw ioX-ho-cy-ap-Xpw Dp-gp-p-m-m-Xpw lnXhpw eLp-hp-ambntmp-pthm An-s\-bp A-]m-Kw kpJw thW-sa-m-{K-ln-p X-oW tcmKn Ign--Ww. cmP-b-vam-tcm-Kn-Ipw Imk-tcm-Kn-Ipw c-]n tcmKn-Ipw Fsmw ]y-am-sWv ]d-n-cn-p-pthm Ah-sbmw An-_-ew, hym[n-_ew, kmyw, ico-c-_ew Fn-hsb At]-np Ccx--X-tcm-Kn-Ipw D]-tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Ip-p. Dcx--X-tcmKw NnIn-n-msX Dt]-n-p-I-bm-sW-n cmP-b-vam-tcmKw Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. AXp-sImv cmP-b-vam-tcmKw hcp--Xnv apm-bn-s Dcx-X tcmKs W-n NnIn-np am-Ww.

X{X-tmIu

X-b kap-m\mw kmam\yw ]rY-Km-IrXnw

Akm-y-bm]y km[yXzw kmym\mw knn-tc-hN

D-hm tPyjvT injymb X-oW NnIn-kntX

XXzm-hn-Zzn-X-Xtam ctPm-tam^x ]p\kpx

40

X--b-ns \nZm-\w, kam\y eWw, {]tXy-I-e--Ww, AXns Akm-ty-X, bm]y-X, kmy-X, kmy-am-bn-p--Xns NnIn Fn-h-sbmw Cu X-o NnIn-n-Xm-ym-b-n XXz-m-\nbpw cP-kvXtam taml-c-ln-X-\p-amb ]p\kp An-th-i-\mbnsmv D]-tZ-in--s--Xm-Ip-p.

CXy-n-thi IrtX-Xt{ Nc-I-{]Xn kwkvIrtX

NnInkn-X-mt\ X-oW NnInknXw

\mssa-Im-Ztim ƒ ymbx

tmI x 1 - 10 11 - 20 21 - 30 31 - 40