Aymbw  14

Aikmw NnInknXw

tmI x

1 - 10

11 - 20

21 - 30

31 - 40

41 - 50

51 - 60

61 - 70

71 - 80

81 - 90

91 - 100

AYm-tXmƒikmw NnInknXw hymJym-kymax

CXn-l-kvaml `K-hm-\m-t{X-bx.
1

C\n Ai-p-I-fpsS NnInksb {]Xn-]m-Zn-p Aym-bs Bt{Xb `K-hm D]-tZ-in-pXp {]Imcw Xs An-thi aljn hnh-cn-p-p-v.

Bko-\w-ap-\n-a-hy{Kw IrX-Pm]yw IrX-Ww

]rjvS-hm-\ikmw apn-a-n-thix ]p\kpw

{]tIm-]-tlXpw kzm\w enwK k NnInknXw

kmym kmy hnti-jm Xky-Xm ap\n-c-{_-ho.
2

`K-hm ]p\kp A\y-Nn--I-sfm-p-an-msX P]-]q-Pm-Zn-I sNbvXp-sImv ]Tn-n-p-hm-\p Ah-k-chpw t\mn Xs Bk-\-n Ccn-p ka-bv An-th-i Ai-p-I-fpsS NnInksb kw_-np tNmZn-p. AXm-bXv Ai-ns tIm]-Im-c-Ww, m\w, e-Ww, NnInk, kmym-km-b hnti-j- Chsb kw_-np tNmZn-p.CXp tIp ap\n ]p\kp An-th-iv Chsb kw_-n-smw Xs hnh-cn-p-sIm-Sp-p.

Cu NnInkm-m-\-nse 30--A-ym-b-n Cu 14-mw Aym-bhpw ASp I-]-m-\hpw HSp-hn-te--Xmb knn-m-\hpw Nc-I-{]Xn kwkvIrX-a-spw ZrV-_-em-Nm-cy-\m {]Xn-kw-kv-cn--s--Xm-sWpw A`n-{]m-b-ap-v.

Cl-J-ez-n-thi! Zznhn-[m-\yimwkn Im\n-Nn k

lPm\n Im\n-Nn PmX-tkym--c-Im-e-Pm-\n. X{X-_oPw

KpZ-_en _ntPm] X]vX-amb X\-aikmw kl-Pm\mw

X{X Zznhnt[m hoP-]-X]vXu tlXpamXm ]nt{Xm

c]-Nmcw ]q-IrXw I XYm-t\y-jm-a]n kl-PmXm

\mw hnIm-cm-Wmw.X{X kl-Pm\n kl-Pm-Xm\n ico

tcW Aimw-ko-Xy-[n-amwk hnIm-cmx.
3

Atbm An-thi! Aiv cv hn-[-n-em-Ip-p. Ipdv P\m Dm-Ip-Xpw Ipdv P\n--Xn-\p-tijw Dm-Ip-Xpw AXp-I-fn shv kl-P--fmb Ai-p-I-fpsS ImcWw _oP-nsKpZ-h-eo-m-\-p-m-Ip ]oU-\-am-Ip-p._oP-n\v ]oU-\-ap-m-Ip-hm-\p ImcWw cp-hn-[-n-em-Ip-p. Hv amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS A]-ym-N-c-Ww, asddmv ]q-P--Ir-X-amb ZpjvI-^-e-hpw.P\n-p-tmXs ico-c-ns IqsS-bp-m-Ip tcmK- Fmw kl-P--fm-Ip-p. Aikv Fv ]d-m A[n-amwk hnIm-c--fm-Ip-p.

kt-jm-mikmw t{Xw KpZ-kym]mw

Kpem-h-Imti {Xn`-tKm-cm kvXnt{km KpZ-h-e-bx.

tINn Xp `qbm-k-tah tZi-ap-]-`n-i-yi kma

]Xy-]Y iniv\-Ke Xmep-apJ \mkm Im-n-h

m\o-Xz-IvN.XZ-kvXy-[n-amw-k-tZ-i-Xbm KpZ-hen

Pm\n-Xzimw koXn-kwm Xt{-kvan. ktjm

mi-km-a-[n-jvTm\mw tatZm-amwkw XzIvN.
4

Fm-hn[ Ai-p-I-fp-tSbpw kzm\w KpZ-ns \me-c-hn-c e-n aqv hyXykvX `mK--fmbn Hc Hc hnc \of-n aqv KpZ-h-en-I BIp-p. Nne BNm-cy-\m-{am-Is Ai-p-I-fpsS m\w CXn IqSp-X-embn ]d-bp-p-v. AXm-bXv tbm\n, enwKw, IWvTw, Am-v, apJw, (hm-b) aqv, sNhn, t\{X-hX-Ivaw, Nw Fn-h. Cu m\- Cu X{-n A[n-amwk m\-am-bn-mWv ]d-bp--Xv. KpZnshen-bn Dm-Ip amkm-p-c-nv am{X-amWv Cu X{-n Aikv Fv ]d-bp--Xv. Fm Ai-p-I-fp-sSbpw A[n-j-Tm\w taZpw amwkhpw Nhpw BIp-p.

X{X kl-Pm-\yimwkn Im\n-Nn-Z-Wq\n Im\n-Nna

lmn Im\n-Nn-oLmWn Im\n-Nn-Zzr-m\n Im\n

NnZv lrkzm\n Im\n-NnZv hnj-a-kr-Xm\n Im\nNn

Zx IpSn-em\n Im\n-Nn--Sn-em\n Im\n-Nn-Z-p

JmWn, Xm\n-b-Ymkzw tZmjm-\p-_ hm-\n.
5

kl-P-amb Ai-p-I NneXv hfsc sNdpXpw NneXv hfsc hepXpw NneXv \of-nepw NneXv \ofw Ipdpw NneXv hr-nepw NneXv hnj-a-cq-]-nepw NneXv Dn-temv hfpw NneXv PS-t]m-sebpw NneXv Ap-J-am-bp-an-cn-pw. Ch-bpsS h- tZmj-tIm-]--\p-k-cn-m-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. AXm-bXv hmX-ns A\p-_--am-sW-n Acp-W-hhpw ]n-nsXmsW-n ]oX \oe-hhpw I^-n-t-Xm-sW-n sh-\n-dhpw Bbn-cn-p-sa-w.

ssXc-`n-`qtXm Pa-{]-`rXn `h-XyXn Irtim-hn-hx

mc-tam-Zo\x {]Np-c-hn-_ hmX-aq{X ]pcojx

i-cm-iva-co-am XYm ƒ \nbX hn_--ap ]

Izma-ipjvI hn`n--hm A-cm--cm-tiz-X-]mWvUp

lcn-X-]o-X-c-m-cpW {Zh km{-]n-n-e-IpW ]

Kma ]pco-tjm-]-thin \m`n-hkvXn hwtWm

tti {]Np-c-]-cn-In-Im-\znXx k KqZ-iqe {]hm

lnIx ]cn-l-cl {]taml {]k hnjvSw-`m-tSm]m

{Ip-tPm-Zm-h-lr-Zn-{n-tbm-]-te]x {]Npc ho_

 ipm avtfmZvKmcx kpZp_ex kpZp_em

nx t{Im[\x kz-ipt{Im ZpxtJm-]-Nm-c-ioex

Imk-izmk XaI XrjvWm-ly-mk Ocv-b-tcm-NIm hn

]mI-]o-\k hYp ]co-X-kvssX-an-cnIx incx

iqeo ma-`n kwk P-c-kzcx Itcm

tKm iq\-]mWn ]mZ-h-Z-\m-n-IpSx kPzcx kmw\a

x k-]mkvXn iqeo N A-cm-c ]miz

Ipn hkvXn-lr-Zb ]rjvT {XnI-{K-tlm-l-X]vXx

{][vam-\-]cx ]ca ek-t-Xn. Pa-{]-`r-Xy-kyln

KpZ-amtKm-]-tcm[mZv hmbp-c-]-T\x {]Xym-tcml {]

tIm]-b-Xn.GtX kt Gh-Ip-]nXmx ]-hm-bhx

]n-ivtf-jvamWu Nmckw A`n-{Z-h--kvXm hn

Imcm P\-b-n.CXyp-m\n kl-Pm-\yimwkn
6

kl-Pmi-vsImv ]oUn-X-\mb a\p-jy P\m AXn-Ir-i-\m-bn-cn-pI, oWw, hnf, Zo\-X, At[m-hmX aq{X-a-e-v IqSp-X-embn XS--ap-m-hp-I, i-cm-iva-cn-bp-m-hp-I, Aiva-cn-bp-m-hp-I, AXp-t]mse Xs \nb{-W-an-msX aew Nne-tm _n-p-t]m-hp-I, Nne-tm- IqSp-X-em-bn-tm-hp-I, Nne-tm ]mIw h aew t]mhp-I, Nne-tm ]mIw hcmsX t]mhp-I, Nne-tm aew hfsc DW-n-tm-hpI, Nne-tm aew apdnp apdnp t]mhp-I, CS-bvn-Sv sh-\n-d-nepw ]mWvUp-h-nepw lcn-X-h-nepw a-\n-d-nepw c-h-nepw Acp-W-h-nepw {Zh-ambpw km{-ambpw hgp-h-gp-mbpw ihw \mdpw t]mse-bp aW-tm-Sp-IqSnbpw ]mIw hcm-sXbpw aew ]pd-X-tv t]mhp-I, \m`n--h-kvXn--I-be {]tZ-i--fn In-sImv apdn-p--Xp-t]m-se-bp hn thZ-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-p-I, KpZ-n ITn-\-th-Z-\-tbm-Sp-IqSn AXn-k-cn-p-I, tcmamw tamlm-ekyw, IqSp-X-embn hbcv kvXw`w, Bam-i-b-n \npw KpUp KpUp i_vZ-ap-m-hpI, DZm-hw, lrZ-b-nepw Npxt{im{XmZn C{o-b--fnepw AXm-Xn-{obw ae- ]pc-n-cn-p-I, ImSn t]mse ]pfn--Xmb [mcmfw G--ap-m-hpI, hfsc Zp_-e-am-bn-cn-p-I, t{Im[-ap-m-hp-I, ipw Aev]-am-bn-cn-p-I, Fm Imcy--fnepw hfsc ZpxJ-tm-Sp-IqSn sNp ioe-am-bn-cn-p-I, Imkw, izmk-tcmKw, Xa-I-izm-kw, Zmlw, s\p-I-en-v, On, Acp-Nn, Zl-\--bw, ]o\-kw, Xp Ch Ftmgpw Dm-hp-I, Xnan-chpw Xe-th-Z-\bpw Dm-hp-I, kzcw oWhpw `nhpw ]c-Xpw P-chpw Bbn-cn-p-I, I-tcm-K-ap-m-hp-I, Iv, Im, apJw, An-IqSw Fn-hn-S--fn tim^-ap-m-hp-I, Pzc-tmSp IqSn-bn-cn-p-I, ico-c-n \pdp-n-t\mhv, Fm kn-I-fnepw An-bnepw thZ-\, CS-n-Sv hmcn-, hb-cv, hkvXn lrZbw Dm-hp-I, Fs-nepw Nnnp sImn-cn-pI Ftmgpw Ae-k-\m-bn-cn-p-I, P\m Xs KpZ-am-nv XS--ap-m-Ip--Xp-sImv A ]m\-hmbpw taevt]mv Ib-dn-bnv kam\DZm\{]mWhym\ hmbp--tfbpw ]nI^-tZm-j--tf-bpw {]tIm-]n-p--Xp-am-Ip-p. Cu ] hmbp-fpw I^-]n--fpw k{X tIm]np Atim-tcm-Knsb B{I-an--sp Cu ]-hn-Im-c--sfmw Dm-Ip-p. Cu ]d e-W- kl-Pmi-p-I-fn Dm-IpXmIp-p.

AX Duzw Pm\-tkym--c-Im-e PmXm\n Nmimw

kn hymJym-kymax. Kpcp-ioXm`njy-n-hn-Zmln hn

cpm Po {]an-Xm-i\m kmyt`m P\m-ZvKhy

aky IppS hcml amlnjm Pmh-nI ]ninX `

W Iri-ipjvI ]qXn-amwk ss]jvSnI ]cam

o-c-Z[n aWvU-I-Xnse KpU-hn-Ir-Xn-tk-h-\m

amj-bq-tj-p-ck ]nWymI ]nWvVmep ipjvI

imI ip InemS X{I-]n-WvUI hnk-ar-Wmf im

eqI {Ium-Z\ Iti-cpI irwKm-SI XcpS hncp-V\

hiq-I-i-ao-[m-\ym-a-aq-e-tIm-]-tbm-Km Kpcp-^e imI

cmK lcnX Ic-a-I-hkm inc-kv]Z ]cyp-jnX ]q

Xn ioXm kom-`y-h-lm-cm a-Im-Xn-{ImXn aZy

]mt\mSv hym] Kpcp-k-ene ]m\m AXn-kvt\l

]mt\mSv Ak-Z-tim-[-\mZv hkvXn-I hn{`-amZ hym

bmamZv hymhmbm Znhm-kz-]v\m kpJ-i-b-\m-k\

m\ tkh-\m D]-l-Xm-t atem]Nm-tbm-`h

XyXn-am-{Xw. XtYmS ITn-\-hn-j-am-k\ tkh-\m

DZv{`m--bm-t\-jv{S-bm-\m AXn-hy-hm-bmZv hkvXn

t\{Xm-k-ayIv {]Wn[m\m-ZvKp-Z--WmZv A`ov

Wwio-Xmw_p kwkv]im tNe-temjv{S XrWmZn

kwLj-Wm {]X-XmXn \nm-l-Wm hmX-aq{X

]pcn-j-th-tKm-Zo-c-Wm-Zv-D-Zo thK-hn-[m-c-Wm kv

{XoWm-ma K`-{`w-im Kt`m ]oU-\mZv _lp

hnja {]`p-Xn {]Ip-]ntXm hmbp-c-]m-\-a

eap-]-Nn-X-a-t[m-K-am-kmZy KpZ-h-en-jzm-[t XXkv

XpXm-kzimwkn {]mZp`-hn
7

C\n-b-tmv a\p-jy P\n--Xn\p tijw Dm-Ip B-p-Isf kw_-np hnh-cn-p-p-v. Kpcp-Xz-ap Blm-cw, ioX-ho-cy-ap Blm-cw, A`n-jy--ap-m-p Blmcw Dp-gp-p-m-p Blmcw, Aev]m-lmcw kmy-a-m Blm-cw, Fn-h-I-fpsS D]-tbmKw sImpw ]ip, ayw, tImgn, ]n, t]mv, tImem-Sv, sN-cn-bmSv Fn-h-I-fpsS amwk-`-Ww sImpw timjn Pohn-I-fpsS amwkw, DW-nb amwkw, Nop-\m-dnb amwkw, Acn Ac-p-m-nb ]e-lm-cw, ]mb-kw, ]m, ssXcns sXfn, FvsIm-p-m-nb ]e-lmcw [mcmfw a[pcw tN ]e-lmcw Fn-h-I-fpsS D]-tbm-Kw-sImpw Dgp-ns ckw, Icn-n\o-cv, ]nm-v, tNv, DW-nb Ce--dn,a[p-ip-w, Imp-tm ]ncnp I-bmb ]m, sh, hepXpw sNdp-Xp-amb Xma-c-h-f, Xma-c-n-g-v, sNdnb Ibn-ap--, hen-b-I-bn-ap--, irwKm-S-Iw, Bn-g-v, apf--[m-\yw, tKmXw apX-emb Hmhp ]pXnb [m\yw.sNdp-]-bdv apX-emb Hcp Imb-bn At\Iw hnp-I-fp-m-Ip [m\yw, ]-a-n Fn-h-IfpsS D]-tbm-Kw-sImpw Kpcp-Xz-ap ^ew, Kpcp-Xz-ap Ce--dn, Noc, hj-f-o-c, Dv, arK--fpsS sImgp-v, arK--fpsS Xe-tm-dv, ]g-In-bXpw Nop-\m-dn-bXpw XWp--Xp-amb Aw, \m\m-hn[ `-W-]-Zm- Iqn-tXv Fnh Ign-p-I-sImpw a-ho-cy-ap-Xpw AXn-ho-cy-ap--Xp-amb aZy-]m-\w-sImpw No-bm-bXpw In-bp--Xp-amb shw IpSn-p-I-sImpw AXn-bmbn kvt\l-]m\w sNp-I-sImpw bYm-k-abw ha\ hntc-N-\mZn tim[-\-{In-b-I sNm--Xp-sImpw hymbmaw sNm--Xp-sImpw ssaYp-\-n B{Klw shnv ssaYp\w sNm--Xp-sImpw ]I-ep-d-p-I-sImpw IqSp-X kpJ-ap hncnv Ccn-p Bk\w apX-em-bh D]-tbm-Kn-p-I-sImpw An-am-y-ap-m-Ip--hv ae-h-\hv AXm-bXv tZmj-h-\hv IqSp-X-em-bp-m-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse Xs Ipn-p-sIm-p Ccpw Fn-h-sImpw IpXn-c-p-dpw addpw Ibdn hnj-anXp-sIm-p khm-cn-sImpw H-I-p-d-p bm{X-sImpw A[n-I-amb ssaYp\w sImp hkvXn-t\{Xw KpZ-n th-hn-[-n {]th-in-n-m--Xp-sImpw KpZ-n -X-ta-evp-I-sImpw KpZ-n \nc--c-amb ioX-P-e-ns kv]i\w sImpw KpZ-n hkv{Xw, am--, XrWw, apX-em-bh Dc-kp-I-sImpw \nc-cw IqSp-X-embn app-I-sImpw {]h-am-\-amb At[m-hmX aq{X-a-em-Zn-I-fpsS thK-sf XS-bp-I-sImpw Ch-Isf _em {]hn-n-p-I-sImpw hnti-jn-v kv{XoIv K`w On{Znp t]mhp-I-sImpw K`w KpZ-n Dc-p-t]m-hp-I-sImpw hfsc hnj-anp {]k-hn-p-I-sImpw AYhm [mcmfw {]k-hn-p-I-sImpw {]Ip-]n-X-amb A]m-\-hmbp At[m `mK--fn kn-X-amb aes {]m]n-nv AXns\ KpZ-ns hen-I-fn [cnp \nevp-p. AXn-\p-ti-j-am-Is KZ-h-en-I-fn Aikv {]Xy--s-Sp--Xm-Ip-p.

kj-]-a-kq-c-amj apZvK-ap-Ip-jvTI kwm-\m\n

bh Iem-b-]n-WvUn-Snn tIcI tIhpI XnpI Im

IW-n.Im Ip _nw_o IZ-c-I-co-tcm-Zpw-_c

Jqc Pmw_h tKmkvX-\m-KpjvT Iti-cpI irw

KmSI Z-in-Jn-ipI XpWvU-Pnlzm ]-ap-Ipf

InIm kwm-\m\n kmam-\ymZv hmX-]n I

^ {]_-em-\n.
8

KpZ-h-en-I-fn ISp-Iv, NW--b-dv, Dgpv sNdp-]-b, a--]-bdv Fn-h-I-fpsS BIr-Xn-bnepw bhw, IS-e-, Imb-e-cn, tIhp-Iw, ]\n-n-m-b, Ipn-p-cp, e-p-cp, sXmn--gw. sNdnb e-p-cp, apfw-Iq-v. An--gw, Cu--gw, Rmh-gw, ]ip-hns ape, Nphn-c, Ibn-ap--, irwKmw-S-Iw, Fn-h-I-fpsS BIr-Xn-bnepw tImgn, abn X Fn-h-I-fpsS sImns BIr-Xn-bnepw Xma-c-q-hns \Sp-p _oP-tIm-i-ns BIr-Xn-bnepw amwkm-p-c- hmX-{]-_-e-am-bmepw ]n-{]-_-e-am-bmepw I^-{]-_-e-am-bmepw Fm-d-dnepw Hcp-t]mse Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p.

tXjm-abw hnti-jx ipjvI-avfm\ ITn\ ]cpj

cq-iym-hm\n h{ImWn XovWm-{Km\n kv^p

SnX apJm\n hnj-a-kr-Xm\n iqem-t] t`Zkv

^pcW Nnan-Nna kwlj ]co-Xm\n kv\nKvtm

jvtWm ]i-bm\n {]hm-lnIm [vam\m-kv\nKv

hrjW hwa hkvXn lrZv{K-lmw-K-a lrZb

{Zh-{]--em\n X{X-{]-XX hn_ hmX-aq{X h

mw kypcq-ISn ]rjvT-{Xn-I-]miz Ipin hkvXn

iqe intcm`n Xm]-h YqZvKtc {]Xn-iymb Im

tkmZm-hm-bk timY-tcmj aqm-tcm-NI apJ

sshcky ssXan-cy-I-WvUp-\mkm I-iqe kztcm

] LmX-I-cmWn iymhm-cpW ]cp-j-XzMv \b\ \Jh

Z\ aq{X-]p-co-jky hmtXm-ez-Wm-\yimw koXn

hnZym.
9

hmX]n---I-^-{]-[m-\-amb Ai-p-Iv Cu ]d-bp hnti-j- Dm-Ipw. ipjvI-X, m\-X, ImTn-\yw, ]cp-j-Xv, cq-Xv, Icp-hm-fn--\ndw Fn-hbpw hfpw Addw Iqpw apJw Iodnbpw \nc-n-m-sXbpw iqe, Bt-h-]w, Ipn-t\m-hv, hnd-b, Ddp-p-I Acn-p--Xp-t]mse tXmp-I, tcmam-w, Fn-h-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bpw, kv\nKv-Xbpw DjvWhpw ian--Xmbpw apepw hb-dp-hopw kv\nKv[-X-bn-m-bv-abpw Dm-hp-Ibpw, hrj-Ww, Ib-e, hkvXn Fn-hn-S--fn ITn-\-th-Z-\-bpw lrZ-b-n ]nSp-hpw ico-c-n \pdp-n-t\mhpw lrZ-b-n ]nSp-hpw ico-c-n \pdp-n-t\mhpw lrZ-b-n thX-Z-\bpw IqSp-X-em-bp-m-hp-Ibpw kZm At[m-hmX ae-aq-{X-v XS-hpw XpS, Ac-s-v, ]pdw, {XnI-k-n, hmcn--, hb-dv, hkvXn Fn-hn-S--fn thZ-\bpw Xe-]p-I-, Xp, G-w, ]o\-kw, DZm-hw, oWw, tim^w, ico-c-timjw tamlm-e-kyw, Acp-Nn, apJ-nv hnc-k-X, Xnan-cw, sNmdn-n, aqnepw sNhn-bnepw thZ-\, H-b-S-p-m-p-I, Nw, Iv, \Jw, apJw, aq{Xw, aew Fn-hv Icp-hm-fnpw Nphpw ]cp-j-Xbpw Dm-hpI Ch hmX-{]-[m-\-amb Ai-kns e-W--fm-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

`h-X-m-{X

Ijmb ISp-Xn-m\n cq-io-X-e-Lq-\nN

{]an-Xm]m-i\w Xo-Ww-aZyw ssaYq-\-tk-h\w

ewL\w tZi-Im-euN ioXu hymbma IN

timtIm-hm-Xm-X-]-kv]tim tlXpm Xmikmw aXx
10

Nhv, Fcp-hv, Ibv]v, cq-X, ioX-ho-cyw, eLpXzw Fn-h-tbmSp IqSnb Blm-cw, am{X-bn hfsc eLp-hmb Blm-cw, XovW-ap aZy-]m-\w, AXn-ssa-Yp-\w, D]-hm-kw, tZi-n-tbpw Ime-n-tbpw ssiXy-X, AXn-hym-bm-aw, ZpxJw, Imtddp-I, shbn-evsIm-pI Ch hmXmi-kn\v Imc-W-am-Ip-p. (sh-bn-evsIm-p-Xv DjvW-am-sW-nepw AXns ISp-cq-Xzw hmX-Im-c-I-am-Ip-p. BX-]-I-Sp-tIm-cq CXn.)

arZp-in-Yne kpIp-am-cm-Wy-kv]i-k-lm\n c]o

X\oe IrjvWm\n-tkz-tZm] IvtfZ _lp-em\n hn

{kK-m\n X\p-]oX c-{km-hoWn cp[n-c-hlm

Wn Zml-I-WvUp-iqe \nkvtXm-Z-]m-I-hn iotXm-]i

bm\n kw`n ]oX-l-cnX hmwkn ]oX-hn-{k-K

{]Npc hnaq-{XmWn ]n]mkm Pzc-X-aI kwtaml

t`mP-\-tZz, IcmWn ]oX-\J \b\ XzMvaq{X ]pco

jky ]ntm-emWm \yimwkoXn hnZym.
11

]nmi-n\v arZp-Xzw, Ab-hv, tIma-f-Xzw, sXmm ITn-\-th-Z\ Fn-hbpw Nph-v, a, \oe, Idpv Fo h-fpw hnbpw \pehpw IqSp-X-em-bp-m-hp-Ibpw Ba-K-hpw t\cnb a shhpw chpw {k-]n-p-Ibpw cw ]pc-n-cn-p-I-bpw, Npp-\o-d, sNmdn-n, thZ-\, Ipn-t\m-hv, ]gp-v, Fn-hbpw ioX-{In-b-sImv ian-p kz`m-hhpw aew Abpw a-\n-d-nepw Ba-K--tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw[mcm-f-am-bp-m-hp-Ibpw Zmlw, Pzcw, Xa-I-izm-kw, tamlm-e-kyw, Blm-c-n shdp-v, Fn-h-bp-m-hp-Ibpw \Jw, Iv, Nw, aq{Xw, aew Fn-hbvv a-\n-d-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-Xv ]n {][m-\-amb Ai-ns e-W-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

`h-X-m-{X

ISzavf eh-tWm-jvWm\n hymbm-am-ym-X-]-{]`mx

tZi-Im-emh inincu t{Imt[m aZy-a-kq-b\w

hnZm-ln-Xo-vW-ap-jvW kw-]m-\m t`jPw

]ntm-ez-Wm\mw hntbx {]tImt] tlXp-ci-kmw.
12

Fcp-hv, ]pfn, Dv, DjvW-hocyw Fn-h-bp {Zhy-, hymbm-aw, Xoq-Sv, thbn-ens NqSv, DjvW-ap--tZ-iw, DjvW-Im-ew, t{Im[w, aZy-]m-\w, Akqb Fn-hbpw Df-p-gp-p-m-p-Xpw XovW-ap-Xpw DjvW-ho-cy-ap--Xp-amb Fm-hn[ A-]m-\-fpw Huj-[-fpw ]n-{]-[m-\-amb Ai-p-I-fpsS {]tIm-]-n\v Imc-W-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

X{X-bm\n {]am-W-h-yp] NnXm\n ivf-Wm\n

kv]i-kp-Jm\n tizX-]m-WvUp--]n-n-em\n kvX

_v[m\n Kpcp-Wp-kvXn-an-Xm\n kp]vXm\n nc

izYq\n IWvUq-_-lp-em\n _lp-{]-XX ]nRvPc

tizX c-ipIvf ]nm {kmhoWn Kpcp]n

ne-tizX aq{X-]p-co-jmWn cqtm-]-i-bm\n

{]hm-ln-Im-Xn-am-t{Xm-m\ hw-Wm-\m-l-hn ]

cnIn-Im-lr-mk \njvTo-h\ Imkm-tcm-NI {]Xn

iymb Kuc-h-On aq{X Ir{ timY timj ]m

WvUptcmK ioX-Pz-cm-ivaco icm lrZ-tb-{ntbm

] te]m-ky-am-[pcy {]tal IcmWn XYm NncIm

em\p-_-n-\yXn am{X-an amh Ivssf_y I

cmWyma hnIm-c-Ic {]_-em\n ipIvf-\-J-\-b\ hZ\

XzMvaq{X ]pco-jky ivtfjvtam-ez-Wm-\yOmw ko

Xnhn-Zym.
13

I^-{][m\-amb KpZm-p-c- henb apc-Sp--Xmbpw an\p-k-ap--Xmbpw sXmSp-tm kpJ-ap--Xmbpw shfppw ]mWvUp-h-nepw hgp-h-gp-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw kvXw`npw Kpcp-Xz-tmSp IqSnbpw Ne-\-an-m-sXbpw Xcn-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw Dd-p ho-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw hfsc sNmdn-n-ep-Xpw \nc-cw ]nwK-f-tizX c-h-n hgp-h-gp-tmSp IqSnb [mcmfw shw {khn-p--Xp-am-bn-cn-pw.ae-aq-{X- In-bp-Xpw hgp-h-gp-Xpw shfp--Xp-am-bn-cnpw cq-{In-b-sImv ian-p--Xm-bn-cnpw apn apn IqsS-qsS ae-hn-k\w sNpw. Ib-e-bn ]nSp-hpw hohpw Dm-Ipw. KpZ-n apdn-p--Xp-t]mse thZ-\-bp-m-Ipw. s\v Ien-v, hmbn \nv shw Xpn-sm-t-bn-cn-p-I, Imkw, Acp-Nn, ]o\-kw, Km{X-Ku-c-hw, On, aq{X-Ir-{w, tim^w, [mXp-tim-jw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, ioX-Pz-cw, Aiva-cn, i-cm-iva-cn, lrZ-b-nepw Npx-t{im-{XmZn C{n-b--fnepw It^m-]-te-]-\w, hmbp-a-[p-cw, {]talw Fn-hsb Dm-pw. hf-sc-Imew \op \nevpw An-am-y-ap-m-Ipw. \]pw-k-I-Xzs Dmpw {]_-e-amb Aa-tZm-js Dm-pw.\Jw, Iv, apJw, Nw, aq{Xw, aew, Fn-hbvv sh-\n-d-am-bn-cnpw C{]-Im-c-ap e-W- Im I^-{]-[m-\-amb Ai-m-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

`h-n-Nm-{X

a[p-c-kv\nKv ioXm\n eh-Wmavf Kpcq-WnN

Ahym-bma Znhm-kz]v\ im-k\ kptJ-cXnx

{]mKzm-X-tkhm ioXuN tZi-Im-em-h-Nn-\w

ivssfjvan-ImWmw kap-njvS taX Imc-W-ai-kmw.
14

a[p-cw, kv\nKv-X, ioX-hocyw, Dv, ]pfn, KpcpXzw Fnh IqSp-X-em-bp {Zhy--fpsS D]-tbm-Kw, hymbm-a-an-m-bva, ]I-ep-d-w, Ftmgpw kpJ-ambn InS-p-Ibpw Ccn-p-Ibpw sNp-I, Ing- Imddv sImp-I, ioX-{]-tZ-iw, ioX-Im-ew, Hcp Nnbpw sNmsX Ae-k-\m-bn-cn-pI Ch I^-{]-[m-\-amb Ai-p-Iv Imc-W-am-Wwv ]d-b-s-Sp-p.

tlXp eW kwkm hnZym-z-tzm-em-Wm-\nN

ktm-tlXp kv{XntZm-jmWmw kl-ssP essWx kaw.
15

cv cv tZmj--fpsS tlXphpw e-W-fpw Hcp-anp Im AXv kwk-P-\y-amb Ai-km-km-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.hmXmZn aqv tZmj-v ]d tlXphpw kl-Pmi-n\v ]d e-W--fpw Hcp-an-p-m-bm AXv kn-]m-Xmi-m-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

hnjvSw-t`mƒ ky Zu_eyw Ipt-cm-tSm-]-ta-hN

Imiy-ap-ZvKmc _mlpeyw kIvYn-km-tZmƒ ]-hn-SvIXm

{Kl-Wo-tZmj ]mWvUzt-cm-im tNmZ-cky N

]q-cq-]mWn \nn-jvSm-\yi-km-a-`n-hr--tb.
16

Blm-c-n\v XS-w, Zp_-e-X, hb-d-dn KpUq-KpUp i_vZw, icocw saen-bp-I, A[n-I-amb G-w, XpS Xf, aew Aev]-am-bn-tm-hp-I, {Kl-Wn-tZm-jw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, DZ-c-tcmKw Fn-h-tbmtWm Fv in-pI Ch Aiv hn-p--Xns ]q-cq-]-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

Aimwkn Jep-Pm-bt \k-n-]-Xn-ssX-kv{Xn`nx

tZmssjtmj hnti-ssj-kvXp-hn-tissjx I]ytX ƒ ikmw
17

{XntZm-j-fpw Hcp-anp tIm]n-msX Ai-p-I Dm-Ip--X-.AXm-bXv Ai-p-I-sfmwkn-]m-X-P-am-Ip-p. Fm hn tZmj-hn-ti-j--tf-smv Ai-ns tZmj-hn-tijw Xocp-am-\n-t--Xm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv Ai-p-I {XntZm-j-P-\y-am-sW-nepw hmX-{]-_-e-X-bn hmXmi-spw ]n-{]-_-e-X-bn ]nmi-spw I^-{]-_-e-X-bn I^mi-spw Cu cv tZmj-v {]m_-ey-ap-s-n Zzz-Pmi-spw aqv tZmjv {]m_-ey-ap-s-n kn-]m-Xmi-spw ]d-bp-p.

]m-m-am-cpXx ]nw It^m-KpZh-en-{Xbw

k Gh {]Ip-]yn KpZ-Pm\mw kap-th

Xkvam-Zimwkn ZpxJm\n _lp-hym-[n-I-cm-WnN

k-tZ-tlm-]-Xm-]o\n {]bx Ir{-X-am-\n-N.
18

Fm-hn[ Ai-p-I-fpsS D-h-nepw ]m--I-amb {]mW--A-]m-\--k-am-\--D-Zm-\--hym-\-hm-bphpw ]nhpw I^hpw KpZ-h-eo-{X-b-n {]tIm-]n-p--Xm-Ip-p.AXp-sImv Aiv ZpxJ-Zm-b-Ihpw At\Iw tcmK-sf Dm-p-Xpw tZls apgp-h X]n-n-p-Xpw an-hmdpw IjvS-km-y-hp-am-Ip-p.

lkvtX ]mtZ aptJ \m`ymw KptZ-hr-j-Wm-bm-kvXYm

timtYm-lr ]miz- iqe--bkym kmtymƒ i-tkm-lnkx

lr ]miz-iqew ktm-l-ivOn-cw-Kky cpKvPzcx

XrjvWm-Kp-Zky ]mI \nl-yp KpZ-Pm-Xp-cw.
19

bmsXmcp Atim-tcm-Kn-bpsS Iv, Im, \Jw, \m`n, KpZw, hrjWw Fn-hn-S--fn tim^-ap-m-hp-Ibpw sNp-pthm B Aiv Akm-y-am-bn-cn-pw. lrZ-b-iq-e, ]miz-iq-e, tamlm-e-kyw, On, ico-c-n apgp-h thZ-\, Pzcw, Zmlw, KpZ-nv ]gp-v, Fn-h-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Atim tcmKnsb B Aikv sImp--Xm-Ip-p.

kl-Pm\n {XntZm-jm-Wn-bm\n Nm`y--cmw-_enw

Pmbt ƒ imwkn-kw-{inXy Xm\y-km-ym\n \nn-ti.
20

kl-P-fpw kn-]m-X-P-fpw Dnse aqm-as hensb B{i-bn-p-m-bn-p--Xp-amb Aiv Akm-y-am-sWv \nt-in--Ww.

tij-Xzm-Zm-bp-j-kvXm\n NXp-jv]mZ ka-\zntX

bm]ym Zo]vX-Im-bmtx {]Xym-tJy-bm-\y-tXm-ƒ \y-Ym.
21

tcmKnv Bbpv tijn-p-s-nepw KpW-bp--amb sshZy, ]cn-Nm-c-I, tcmKn, Huj[w Fo \mep ]mZ--tfmSp IqSn-b-Xm-sW-nepw PT-cm-nv Zo]vXn-bp-s-nepw Akm-y-am-sWv ]d-p-sImv NnIn-n-p-sIm-t-bn-cp-m kpJw Inpw. Cu]d KpW--sfm-p-an-s-n AXv Akm-y-am-bn-cn-pw. NnIn-n-t--Xn-.

Zzz-Pm\n ZznXo-bmbmw _eu bm\ym-{in-Xm-\nN

Ir{-km-y\n Xm\ymlpx ]cn-kw-hk-cm-Wn-N.
22

ZzntZm-j-P-\y-am-bXpw cm-as hensb B{i-bn-p-m-bXpw Dm-bnv Hcp hjw Ign--Xp-amb Aiv IjvS-km-y-am-sWv ]d-b-Ww.

_mlym-bmp _eu PmXm-t\yI tZmtjm-ez-Wm-\nN

Aimw-kn-kpJ kmym-\n\ Nntcm]-Xn-Xm-\n-N.
23

]pd-p Hm-as hensb B{i-bn-p-m-bXpw GI-tZm-j-P-\y-am-bXpw Dm-bnv hfsc Ign-bm--Xp-amb Aiv kpJ-km-y-am-Ip-p.

tXjmw {]i-at\ bXv\-amip Ipcym hn]-Wx

Xm\ym-ipln KpZw-_zm Ipcym-Zv_ KptZm-Zcw
24

Ai-p-Isf ian-n-p Imcy-n _pn-am-\mb ssh-Zy DSs\ {]bXv\w sN-Ww. ImcWw Ai-p-I KpZ-ams AXn-th-K-n AS-p-I-f-nv _ KptZm-Zcw F DZc tcmKs Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p.

X{Xm-lp-tcmtI ikvt{XW In\w lnX-aikmw

Zmlw-m-tcW Nmt]ymtI Zml-tatI XYm-n\m

AkvtXz-X `qcn-X-t{W [oaXm ZrjvS IWm

{InbtX {Xnhn[w I-{`w-i-kvX{X kpZm-cpWx

]pwkvtXzm-]-LmXx izb-YpKp-tZ-th-K-hn-\n-{Klx

B[vam\w ZmcpWw iqe hyYm-c-mXn h\w

]p\n-tcm-tlm-cq-Vm\mw ttZm {`wtim KpZ-kyhm

acWwhm `th-o{Lw ikv{X--B-cmn hn{`-am
25

Nne BNm-cy-m A-kns\ ikv{XwsImv apdn-p-I-f-bp-Xv \-Xm-sWv ]d-bp-p, addp Nne ]d-bp-Xv mcw-sImv s]mn-p--XmWv \-sX-v.thsd Nne An-sImv s]mn-p--XmWv \-sXv ]d-bp-p. _lp-im-kv{X-m-\hpw NnIn-np ]cn-N-bhpw D _pn-am-\mb sshZyv ikv{X-m-cmn I aqpw sNm-hp--Xm-Wv.Cu aqv I-fpw kqnp sNbvXn-s-n Zmcp-W-amb \miw kw`-hn-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv \]pw-k-I-Xzw, KpZ-n how, ae-aq-{Xm-Zn-Iv XS-w, hbcv hov, ITn-\-th-Z-\, ZpxJw, IqSp-X-emb c-{kmhw, Aiv hopw Dm-hp-I, Bg-n No Dm-hp-I, KpZ-{`w-iw, AYhm acWw kw`-hn-pI Ch mcmn I hn{`wiw sImv W-n Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p.

bXp I kptJm-]mb a]-{`w-i-a-Zm-cpWw

XZikmw {]h-yman kaq-em\mw \nhr-tb
26

Ai-p-I-fpsS kaq-e-\miw hcp-p-hm-\mbnsmv D]m-b-n kpJ-s-Sp-p-Xpw Aev]w am{Xw ti-ap-Xpw Zmcp-W-a-m-Xpw Bb NnIn-sb ]d-bmw.

hmX-t-jvtam-ez-Wm-\ymlpx ipjvIm-Wyimw-kn-X-ZznZx

{]{km-hoWn XYm{ZmWn c-]o-m-ez-Wm-\nN

XXx ipjvImikmw ]qw {]h-yman NnInkn-Xw.
27

hmX-{]-_-e-am-bn-p-Xpw I^-{]-_-e-am-bn-p-Xpw hmX-I^ {]_-e-am-bn-p--Xp-amb Aiv ipjvImi-m-sWv AXns\ kw_-np Adn-hp--h ]d-bp-p. c-{]-_-e-am-bn-p-Xpw ]n-{]-_-e-am-bn-p-Xpw c-]n {]_-e-am-bn-p-Xpw c-{km-h-ap-m-Ip--Xp-amb Aiv B{Zmi-m-sWv ]d-bp-p.AXn ipjvImi-p-I-fpsS NnIn-sb BZyw ]d-bmw.

kvX_v[m\n tkzZ-tb ]qw timY iqem-\zn-Xm-\nN

Nn{XI mc-hn-ezm\mw ssXte-\m-`yPy tkzZ-tb.

\h-am-j-Ip-e-m\mw ]pem-Im\mw N t]mssex

tKmJ-cmiz iIr ]nWvssU-kvXne IsskvXp ssjkvXYm

hNm-i-Xmlzm ]nWvssUm kptJmjvssWx kvt\l-kw-bpssXx

kq\mw ]nWvUn-Im-`nhm kv\nKvm\mw ssXe knjm

ipjvI-aq-eI ]nWvssUhm ]nWvssUhm ImjvWy-K-nssIx

cmkv\m-]nWvssUx kptJm-jvssWhmk kvt\ssllm

]pssj-c]n

CjvS-Iky Jcm-lzmbmx imssIKr-RvP-\-I-kyhm

A`yPy IpjvT-ssX-te\ tkzZ-tb t]m-eo-IrssXx

]t{XmIzssYx tkzZ-tb hrjmss-cWvU hnez-Px.
28

kvXw`-\w, tim^w, thZ\ Fn-h-tbmSp IqSnb Ai-ns\ BZyw hnbn--Ww.sImSp-th-cn-n-g-Mvlv, Nhm-cw, Iqh-fw-thcv Fnh tNp bYm-hn[n ]mIw-sN-bvsX-Sp ssXew ]pc-n-bnv hnbn--Ww.hnbn-p-hm bhw, Dgp-v, apXnc Fn-h-I-fpsS Ingntbm A-ns Ingntbm ]ip, Igp-X, IpXnc Fn-h-I-fpsS NmWIw sImp Ingntbm F-c--Xp-sIm-p Ingntbm Dan-sImp Ingntbm hbpw NXp-Ip-bpw sImp Ingntbm kvt\l-{Zhyw tNp kv\nKvX hcpn kln-m Ign-bp NqtSm-Sp-Iq-Sn-shp hnbn--Ww.AYhm Fbpw s\pw tNp kv\nKv-X-h-cp-nb aesm-Sn-bpsS Ingn-sImtm DW-nb aqte-cn-n-g-ns Ingn-sImtm apcn Ce-bpsS Ingn-sImtm Nnd-d-c--bpsS Ingn-sImtm AS-m-a-Wn-bs Ingn-sImtm hnbn--Ww. CXp-t]mse Xs sImw Cp-Im-nb ssXew ]pc-n-bnv CjvSnIm Nq-ns Ingn-sImtm BvsIm--me Ce-bpsS Ingn-sImtm apn Ce-bpsS Ingn sImtm hnbn--Ww. AYhm BS-tem-S-Iw, Fcp-v, Bh-Wv Iqh-fw, Fn-h-I-fpsS Ce-sIm-p-m-nb Ijm-bw-sImv hnbn-p-Ibpw sNmw.

{Xn^-embm aqe-Iky thWp\mw hcp-W-kyN

An-a-ky in{KpWmw ]{Xm-Wy-iva--I-kyN

Pte-\m IzmYy iqemw kz`y ah-Km-l-tb.

tImtemIzm-tY-ƒ Yhm tImjvtW-ku-hn-cI Xptjm-ZtI

hnem-IzmtY ƒ Yhm X{I-Z[n aWvUmavf Imn-tI.

tKmaq-t{Xhm kptJm-jvtWXw kz`y ah-Km-l-tb.
29

Ai-n thZ-\-sImv ZpxJn-p tcmKnsb tZl-n apgp-h F-tXp ISp--C-e, Xm\n-C-e, s\n-C-e, ap-n-C-e, apf-bn-e, \oam-X-f-ns Ce, ap-bn-e, apcn--bn-e, Iph-n-bn-e, Fn-h-I-tfsmp-m-nb Ijm-b-n Ccpn Ah-Km-l-tkzZw sN-Ww.AYhm kln-p-hm Ign-bp NqtSm-Sp-Iq-Snb e-pcp Ijm-b-ntem bh-ns ImSn-bntem Acn-m-Sn-bntem Iqh-f-ns Ijm-b-ntem tamcntem ssXcns sh-ntem shp-Im-Sn-bntem tKmaq-{X-ntem Ccpn ico-c-n apgp-h F-tX iqem-\mb Atim-tcm-Knsb Ah-Km-l-tkzZw sN-Ww.

IrjvW k-h-cm-tlmjv{S PXp-Im-hr-j-Zw-iPmw

hkm-a-`y-RvPt\ ZZymZv [q]-\-mi-kmw-lnXw

\rtIimx k-\ntmtIm hrj-Zw-iky NN

A-aqew iao-]-{X-atit`ym [q]-\w-lnXw

Xp_p-cqWn hnUw-Km\n tZh-Zm--Xw-LrXw

_rl-XoNm izK-mN ]neymx kpc-km-LrXw

hcm-lhrj hnSvssNh [q]\w k-thm-LrXw

IpRvP-cky ]pco-j-ky-LrXw k-ctkm ckx
30

Icn-aqJ, ]n, H-Iw, IS-hm-Xn, ]q Fn-h-I-fpsS hk Ai-n ]pc--Ww. Ai-n ]pI-tb-ev]n-p-Xpw \-Xm-Ip-p. a\p-jy-tcm-aw, ]mns Dnfn (h-f) ]q-tm-ev, Fcp-nthcv Na-X-Ce Ch kaw FSpp Xo-\-en tNp ]pI-tb-ev]n-p-Xv Ai-n-v, hngm-e-cn, tZh-Xm-cw, DW--e-cn, s\v Chbpw [q]-\-n-mbn D]-tbm-Kn-mw. sNdp-h-Zn-\n-th-cv, Aap-p-cw, Xn-en, Xpf-kn-Ce Chbpw [q]-\-n-mbn D]-tbm-Kn-mw.]n-a-ew, NmW-Iw, ae-cv, s\v Chbpw [q]-\-n-mbn D]-tbm-Kn-mw. B\-n-n, s\v, tN-eyw, inem-ckw (c-kw) Chbpw [q]-\-n-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn-mw.

lcn-{Zm-Nq kwbpw kp[m-ocw {]te-]\w

tKm]n--]njvSmx ]neymx kl-cn{Zmx {]te-]\w

inco-j-_oPw IpjvT ]neyx sskhw KpUx

A-ocw kp[m-ocw {Xn^-emN {]te-]\v

]ney n{XIx iymam-InWzw aZ-\-X-WvUpemx

{]te]x IpIp-Iq-S-i-IrtZ lcn-{Zm-KpU kwbpXx

Zo-iymam arXm-kwx ]mcm-h-X-i-IrKpUx

{]te-]-kymZv KPm-n\n \nwt_m `m-X-Im-\nN

{]te-]-kym-Zew tImjvtWm hmk h-km-bpXx

iqe-iz-bYp lrZyp--p-eq-Io-h-kb kl

A-]{Xw kp[m-ImWvUw ISp-Im-em_p ]hmx

Ic-RvtPm-hkvXp aq{X te]\w t{ijvS-aikmw
31

a-fns s]mSn In-m-en Ipgp Ai-n ]qip-Xv \-Xm-Wv. Xn-enbpw afpw tKm]o--n-e-cp ]qip-Xpw \v. s\t-\n-hm-I-p-cp, sImw, Xn-en, Cp-v, shw Fcp-n]m, In-m, {Xn^e Chbpw Ai-n Acp ]qip-hm \-Xm-Ip-p. Xn-en, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, ]Ip-, kpcm-a-Zy-ns sXfn, ae-m-c--_o-Pw, tImgn-m-jvTw, a, shw Ch-sbmw IqSn Acp Ai-n ]pc-p-Xpw \-Xm-Ip-p.\mK-Z-n-th-cv, ]Ip-, Nnd-d-ar-Xv, {]mhns ImjvTw, thw Chbpw Ac-p-]q-imw. B\-bpSw An, thntXm-ev, tNpcp Chbpw Acp Ai-n ]qimw.Acn-Xm-cw, HI-ns hk-bn tNp Aev]w NqSvn ]pc-p-Xpw \-Xm-Ip-p. Acn-Xmcw No-n-bpsS hk-bn tNp Aev]w NqSmn ]pc-n-bm A-n-ep thZ-\bpw hohpw ian-pw.Fcp-n-e, In--v, Ibv]-p-c--fncv DnX-fn-cv, Ch Bnaq-{X-n-e-cp ]pc-p-Xpw Ai-nv \-Xm-Wv.

A`yw-KmZymx {]tZ-lmm b{XtX ]cn-IonXmx

kvXw`-iz-bYp IWvUzn \mi-\mkvtX ƒ ikmw lnXmx

{]tZ-l-ss-cp-]-{Imm KpZPmx {]k-h-nln

knXw ZpjvS-cp-[ncw XXx k-ZytX kpJw.
32

CXp-hsc ]d A`ywKw apX {]tZ-lw-h-sc-bp tbmK--sfmw Ai-nep
mIp kvXw`-\w, how, sNmdn-n, thZ\ Fn-hsb ian-n-p-hm\pw Ai-knpw \-Xm-Ip-p. A`yw-K--[q-]-\--{]-te-]--tf-smv KpZ-nse amwkm-p-c-n sIn-\n-evp--Xmb Zpjn cs {khn-np Ifp-bp-p. AXn-\p-tijw AXp-\n-an--ambn Atim-tcmKn kpJs {]m]n-p-I-bpw sNp-p.

cqtmjvW kv\nKv iossX ln \ hym[o-cp-]-imayXn

ct-Zp-jvtS-`n-jIv XkvamZv c-ta-hmh tkNm-b

Peu-Im-`n-kvX-Ym-ikvss{Xx kpNn-`nm ]p\x ]p\x

Ah-am\w cp[ncw cmtim`yx {]hm-l-tb.
33

Ai-n cw Zpjn-n-cn-p Ah--bn cqw, DjvWw, kv\nKvw, ioXw Fo {]tbm-K-sImv tcmKw ianp--X-.AXp-sImv sshZy An-s\-bp Ah--bn cw {khn-np If-bp-I-Xs thWw. cmi-n\nv A`yw-KmZn {]tZ-lm-w-h-tc-bp {]tbm-K-sImv cw-t]m-Ip-n-s-n Asb Ctm ikv{Xw-sImv Iodntbm kqNn-sImv Ipntbm hopw hopw Aev]m-ev]-ambn cs hmp-I-f-b-Ww.

KpZ-iz-bYp iqemw amnw ]mb-tbXpXm

{XyqjWw ]n-eo-aqew ]mTmw lnwKp k Nn{XIw

kuhew ]pjvI-cmJy aPmPow hnez-t]-jnImw

hnUw-b-am\nw l ]pjmw hnUwKw sskhw hNmw

Xnn-So-I aWvtU-\-a-tZym-\m-jvtWm-Z-tI\ hm

XYmtim-{K-lWo tZmjm-q-em-\m-lm {]ap-Ny-tX.
34

KpZ-n hnhpw AXn-bmb thZ-\bpw D-h-t\bpw An-a-n--h-t\bpw Npv, apf-Iv, Xn-en, Imp-Xn--en, ]mS-n-g-v, Imbw, sImSp-th-cn-n-gv Xphh-n-e-m-cw, ]pjv-c-aq-ew, Poc-Iw, DW-nb Iqh-f-m-b, hnUve-h-Ww, Ab-tam-Z-Iw, AS-m-a-Wn-bth-cv, hngm-e-cn, Cp-v, hb-v, ]pfn Ch kaw FSpp s]mSnp kpcm-a-WvU-ntem aZy-ntem NqSp-sh--ntem tNp tkhn--Ww.CXns D]-tbm-Kw-sImv Ai-v, {Kl-Wn-tcm-Kw, iqe, hbdv hov Fn-h-I-fn\npw tamN\w Inp--Xm-Ip-p.

]mN\m ]mbm-bZv hmX-ZyZv ]ym-ay-Xn-km-cntW

k KpUm-a-`bmw hm]n {]i-tb ]u `nIow

]mbm-bZv hm {Xnhr-qw {Xn^-em-ck kwbpXw

lrtX KpZm-{itb tZmtj KpZ-Pm-bmn kwbw

tKmaq-{Xm-[yp-jnXmw ZZym k KpUmw hmj-cn-XIow

lco-XIow X{I-bpmw {X^emw hm {]tbm-P-tb

k\m-Kcw Nn{XIw hm ko[p-bpw {]Zm-]-tb

Zm]m-b--hy-bpw hm kn[pw kmPmPo Nn{XIw

kpcmw k]mTw l]pjmw ZZym kuh-em-\znXmw

Z[n--hnez kwbpw bpw hm Nhy-Nn-{XssIx

`m-X-I-bpXw hmNn {]Z-Zym X{I-XWw

hnez-\m-K-c-bpw hm bam\ym Nn{Xm-I-W-N.

Nn{XIw l]pjmw lnwKpw ZZymZv hmX{I kwbpXw

]m-Im-e-bpXw hm]n X{I-akvssa {]Zm-]m-b.
35

cm-ctim tcmKnv c-tam--W-n\p tijw KpZ-n hohpw thZ-\bpw An-am-yhpw Ds-n AXn-kmc NnInkn-X-n ]d ]mN-\u-j-[- sImSp--Ww.AYhm Blm-c-nv apmbn KpU-l-cn-XIn tkhn-n--Ww.AYhm {X^e Ijm-b-n {XtIm-ev]-Ip Nqw tkhn-n-p-Itbm sN-Ww. C{]-Imcw sNbvXp KpZm-{i-b-amb tZmjw ian-p-tm Aiv ian-p-Ibpw sNpw.AYhm Hcp Znhkw tKmaq-{X-n Cp-sh ISp- shw tNp sImSp--Ww. AYhm ISp Nqtam {X^-e-Nqtam tamcn tNp-sIm-Sp--Ww. AYhm Nppw sImSp-th-cn-n-g-pw, ko[p-a-Zy-n tNp-sIm-Sp--Ww.AYhm kpcm-a-Zy-n tNp Poc-Ihpw sImSp-th-cn-n-g-pw, Imp-ap-f-Inthcpw sImSp--Ww. AYhm ]mS-n-gpw AS-m-a-Wn-bthcpw kuh-e-e-h-Whpw IqSn s]mSn--s]mSn tNp kpcm-aZyw sImSp--Ww. AYhm aesmSn tN tamcn hnfm ac-m-bbpw DW-nb Iqh-f-m-bbpw s]mSnp tNtm Imp-ap-f-Inthcpw sImSp-hn-cn-n-gpw s]mSnp tNtm sImSp-th-cn-n-gv s]mSnp tNtm sImSp--Ww. AYhm sImSp-th-cn-n-gv AS-m-a-Wn-bth-cv, Imbw, Ch s]mSnp tN tamtcm Xn-en, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, Imp-ap-f-In thcv, sImSp-th-cn-n-gv Npv Ch s]mSnp tNv tamtcm Atim tcmKnv sImSp--Ww.

l]p-tjmm-nIm [#m\y-a-Pm-Po-Im-c-ho-iSo

]neo ]neo aqew Nn{X-tIm-lkvXn ]neo

bam\n NmP tamZmN Xqw X{I-kw-bp-Xw

amavfw ISpIw hnZzm m]-tb LrX-`m-Pt\

hymavfw ISp-Iw-PmXw X{I-cnjvSw apJ-{]bw

{]]n-t`am-{Xbm Imtejz ky Xrjn-Xkv{Xn ]p

Zo]\w tcmN\w _eyw I^-h-em-Xm-\p-temw-a\w

KpZiz-bYp IWvUzn \mi\w _e-k-h\w X{Im-cnjvSw.
36

A-S-m-a-Wn-bth-cv, Ge--cn, sIm-m-e-cn, Poc-Iw, Icn-o-c-Iw, Iq-cw, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, A,-n-n--en, Ipd-m-Wn, Ab-tam-ZIw Ch-kaw FSpp s]mSnp Iq-Sp-X ]pfn-m-Xpw IqSp-X ISp-c-k-an-m--Xp-amb tamcn tNp Hcp s\v ab-nb ]m{X-n-emn kpnp sh-Ww. Ipd-p-Zn-hkw Ignp A-I-Sp-c-k- hyS--am-bm FSp--Ww. hmbvv cpNn-bp-m-p--Xmb Cu X{I-cnjvSw bpw-t]mse am{X-\n--bnp Blm-c-Im-e-n aqp-t\-chpw Zmln-p Ah-k-c-nepw IpSn--Ww.AXv An-Zo-]vXn-tbbpw cpNn-tbbpw _e-tbpw Dm-pw.I^-hm-X-sf t\sc {]hnn-pw.KpZ-nse how, sNmdn-n thZ\ Fn-h-Isf \in-n-I-XvIpw. _-es hn-n-p-Ibpw sNpw.

XzNw Nn{X-I-aq-eyky ]jvSzm-Ipw`w {]te-]-tb

X{Iw hmZ-[n-hm-X{X PmX-atim lcw-]n-t_
37

sImSp-th-cn-n-g-ns Dnse \mcv If-s-Sp tXmev Acv Hcp a]m-{X-n ]qin DWn AXn ssXcv Hgn-p-sh-n-cp B ssXtcm AYhm B ssXcv IS-s-Sp tamtcm IpSn--Ww. AXv Ai-ns\ ian-n-pw.

hmX-t-jvamikmw X{Im]cw \mkvXn lt`-jPw

X {]tbmPyw bYm-tZmjw kkvt\lw cq-ta-hhm

k]vXmlw ZzmZ-imlw hm ]w-am-k-a-Ym-]nhm

_e-Im-e-hn-ti-jtm `nj-{Iw {]tbm-P-tb
38

hmXI^ {][m-\-amb Ai-p-Iv tamcn-t\-m henb Huj[w thsd-bn-. AXv tZmjm-\p-km-tcW s\v FSp-p-I-f-bm-sXbpw s\v FSp-p-I-fp cq-am-nbpw D]-tbm-Kn--Ww.(A-Xm-bXv hmX-]n {][m-\-amb Ai-n s\tmSp IqSnbpw I^ {][m-\-amb Ai-n s\v FSpp Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn--W-sa-w.) Ggv Znh-ktam ]{v Znh-ktam ]Xn-\v Znh-ktam Hcp amkw htctbm _e-Ime hnti-js Adn-bp sshZy tamcv am{Xw Blm-c-ambn D]-tbm-Kn--Ww.

AXy arZp-Im-bmt kvX{I-ta-hm-h-Nm-c-tb

kmbwhmemP kq\mw tZym X{Im-h-te-lnImw

Pot-X{I {]Z-ZymZv hm X{I-t]bmw kssk-hmw

X{Im-\p-]m\w kkvt\lw X{Iu-s\-a-Xx-]cw

bqssjx ctk-\-hm-]ypzw X{I-kn-t\ t`mP-tb

Ime{Iax kl-km-\N X{Iw \nh-tb

X{I-{]-tbmK amkmx {ItatWm ]ctam lnXx

A]-Itjm btYmtjm\ Xzm-Z] IrjytX

iym-K-a\ cmw ZmVym a\-kyN

_tem-]-Nb hm-taj \nn-iy-tX-{Iax

cq-atm-rX kvt\lw bX-m\prXw-LrXw

X{Iw tZmjmn _e-hn {Xnhn[w X {]tbm-P-tb

lXm-\n-\-hn-tcm-ln Xt{IW KpZ-Pm-\nN

`qam-h]n \njnwX-tl X{Iw XrtWm-ep]w

Inw]p-\ Zo]vX-Im-bmtx ipjvIm-Wyimwkn tZln\x

t{kmXx kpX-{I-ip-t-jp-ckx kay-Kp-ss]-Xnbx

tX\-]p-jvSn-_ew hx {]lj-tm-]-P-tb

hmXtjva hnIm-cmWmw iX-tm]n \nhtX

\mkvXn-X-t{Im]cw Inn-Zu-j[w I^-hm-XtPx
39

PTcmn Gd-dhpw ao-`-hn-n-cn-p--hv tamcv am{X-ambn D]-tbm-K-s-Sp--Ww. Cns\ tamcp]-tbm-Kn-p-tm sshIpw-tcw aesmSn tamcn Ipgp tely-{]m-b-amn sImSp-p-Ibpw sNmw. As-n tamcv IpSn-Xv Zln-m tamn Cpv tNp sImSp-p-Ibpw sNpw.CXn-\p-tijw tamcv A\p-]m-\-am-bp-]-tbm-Kn-p-sImv tamcv tNp-m-nb tNmdv s\v tNp sImSp--Ww.tamcv tNp ]mI-s-Sp-nb [m\y-bqjw Iqntbm Blmcw Ign-p-Itbm sNmw.AYhm tamcv tNp ]mI-s-Sp-nb bqjtam amwk-c-ktam Iqn Blmcw Ign-p-Xv XpS-cp-Ibpw sNmw.Ime-hpw D]-tbm-K-{I-ahpw Adn-bp sshZy tcmKw ian-mepw s]sv tamcns D]-tbmKw \n-cp-Xv. tamcv Blm-c-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-t-Xv hn-mev Hcp-am-k-am-Ip-p. AXn-\p-tijw {ItaW am{X Ipd-p-sIm-p-hp \np--XmWv Gd-dhpw \-Xv. F{]-Im-c-amtWm tamcv hn-np D]-tbm-Kn-Xv AtX-{]-Imcw Xs Ipd-p-sIm-p-h-cn-Ibpw thWw. tamcv Blm-c-ns IqsS tNp-]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv A{]-Imcw Ipd-t--Xn-. tamcns Cu D]-tbm-K-{Iaw \nt-in--s-Xv PT-cm-nv in-bp-m-Ip-hm\pw DWw-Smb insb \ne-\np-hm\pw PT-cm-n-bpsS ZrV-X-mbpw ico-c-ns _ehpw hhpw hn-p-hm\pw BIp-p. s\v apgp-h FSp-p-I-f-Xp sImv cq-am-bXpw ]Ip-Xn-am{Xw s\s-Sp-Xpw s\v Xotc FSp-m--Xp-ambn tamcv aqp-hn-[-n-em-Ip-p.B aqp-hn[ X{I-tbpw tZmjm-[n-Iy-tbpw An-_-e-tbpw Adn-bm-hp sshZy AXm-Xn-\-\p-k-cn hn[-n D]-tbm-Kn--Ww.tamcv sImv \in-n--s Ai-p-I ]noSv apf-p--X-. ImcWw tamcv `qan-bn Xsbpw Hgn-m AXv ]pqvs Zln-np If-bp--Xm-Ip-p.tamcv sImv An-Zo-]vXn-bp-mb ]pcp-js ipjvmin ]ns Fv kw`-hnpw Fv ]d-bp-hm-\ptm? Xt{Im-]-tbmKw sImv t{kmX-p-I ip-am-bn-o-cp-tm Blm-c-P-\y-amb ckw th-Xp-t]mse cmZn [mXp--fmbn ]cn-W-an-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXp-sImv ico-c-nv ]pjvSnbpw _ehpw \ hhpw {]tXyI ktmjhpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p.hmX I^-P-\y-amb 100 hnIm-c--tfbpw (A-Xm-bXv hmX-hn-Imcw 80  I^-hn-Imcw 20) ian-n-p-sIm-p-Ibpw sNpw.hmX-I-^-P-\y-amb hnIm-c-n tamtc-m Ihnv asdm-cu-j-[hpw C.

]neo ]n-eo-apJw Nn{X-Iw lkvXn ]neow

irwK-th-c-Pm-Po Imchow [m\y-Xpw-_pcpw

hnemw I-SIw ]mTmw ]njvSzm-t]bmw hn]m-N-tb

^emmw ba-ssI`rjvSmw Xmw ZZymZv KpZ-Pm-]lmw

GssX-tc\ JUm Ipcym-tZ-X hn]m-N-ew

GssX-tc-h-LrXw kmy-aikmw hn\n-hr-tb
40

Xn-en, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, An-n-en, Npv, PocIw, Icn-o-c-Iw, sIm-m-ecn, Xpp-e-c-]n, Iqh-f-m-b, I-S-irw-Kn, ]mS-n-gv Ch Acp tNp In-bp-m--Ww.B In-bn Ddp-am-gw apX-em-b-h-bpsS ]pfn-ckhpw s\pw Fbpw hdhpw tNp Atim tcmK ia-\-n-mbn sImSp--Ww.Atim-tcm-K-i-a-\-n-mbn Cu ]d ]n-eymZn Huj-[- sImp Xs boj-ap-m-nbpw Ijm-b-ap-m-nbpw s\p-m-nbpw D]-tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Wv.

iSn-]-em-i-knw hm ]n-eym-\m-K-tcW hm

ZZymZv bhmKpw X{Iavfw acn-ssN-chp Nqn-Xmw.
41

AYhm Iq-chpw ]em-i-_o-Phpw tNtm Xnen tNtm Npv tNtm In-bp-mn AXn tamcv tNv ]pfn-ckw hcpn Aev]w Ipcp-ap-fIv s]mSnbpw tNp Atim-tcm-Knv sImSp--Ww.

ipjvI-aq-e-I-bqjw hm bqjw Iue-m-ta-hhm

Z[n--hn-ez-bqjw hm kIp-e--ap-Ip-jvSIw

OmwKew hmc-kw-Z-Zym-ZvLr-ssX-tc-`n hnan-{inXw

emhm-Zo\mw ^emw hm kX{Iw {Kmln-`n-cypXw
42
43

AYhm DW-nb aqte-cn-n-g-ns bqjtam apXn-c-bpsS bqjtam hnfm ac-m-bbpw Iqh-f-m-bbpw hq-d-dn-sb-Sp bqjtam apXn-cbpw ap---bcpw Iqn shs-Sp bqjtam sImSp--Ww.AYhm Bns amwk-c-k-n Cu ]d bqj-fpw t\mpw tNp sImSp--Ww. AYhm emh-n apX-em-b-h-I-fpsS amwk-c-k-n Ddp-am-gw apX-em-b-h-bpsS ]pfnbpw tamcpw Iqh-f-mb apX-em-b-hbpw tNp sImSp-p-Ibpw thWw.

c-im-en alm-imenx Ie-tam-Pmw-Kex knXx

imcZx jjvSn-I-ss-h-kym-Z--hn-[n-cikmw

CXyptm `n iIr-Xm-a-i-km\mw {Inbm-{Iax
44

sN--cn, \h-c-b-cn, Iea F s\ns Acn PmwK-e-tZ-i-p-m-Ip s\ns Acn, shfp Acn icZv EXp-hn-ep-m-Ip s\ns Acn, Adp-]Xv Znhkw sImv hnf-bp s\ns Acn Ch-sbmw Atim tcmKn-Iv Blm-c-n-mbn D]-tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Ip-p. Cu ]d-b-s-Xv aew Cf-In-tm-Ip Atim-tcm-Kn-I-fpsS NwIn-In-m-{I-a--fm-Ip-p.

tb ƒ Xyw KmV-c-Ir-X-kvtXjmw hym-an-t`-jPw

kkvt\ssl kq-`nbqmw {]kmw eh-Wo-IrXmw

ZZymaky-WvUnImw ]qw `-bn-Xzm-k-\m-K-cmw.
45

bmh-Nne Atim tcmKn-Iv aew AXy-[nIw apdp-In-tm-Ip-pthm Ahp Huj-[s C\n ]d-bmw. BZyw aon ic Npv tNp Xnnv s\v tN aesm-Snbpw Cppw tNp aZy-ns sXfn IpSn--Ww.

KpUw k\m-Kcw ]mTmw ^emavfw ]mb-tb-Xw

KpUw-LrXw bh-mtc bpw hm]n {]tbm-P-tb

bam\ow \mKcw ]mTmw ZmUn-aky ckw KpUw

kXy-I-e-hWw ZZymZv hmX-htm\p tema\w

Zp:kv]i-tI-\-hn-tezm\ bam-\yw-\m-K-c-tc-WN

GssI-tI-\m]n kwbp-m ]mTml-yti kmwcpPw

{]mKv`-m batI `rjvSm kp-`n-mh Nqn-Xm

Ic-RvP-]--hm ZZymZv hmX-htm ƒ \ptem-a-\m

aZncmw hm kehWmw kn[pw kuho-cIwXYm

kKp-Umw-a-`bmw hmY-{]m-c-tb ]u `nIow
46

Nppw ]mS-In-gpw s]mSn shhpw tNp Ddp-am--gm-Zn-I-sf-sImv ]pfn-ckw hcp-nb sh-n Ien aew apdp-In-tm-Ip Atim tcmKnsb tkhn-n--Ww.AYhm shw, s\v, Nh-cvm-c, Ch tNp]tbm-Kn-p-Ibpw sNmw. Ab-tam-Z-Iw, Npv, ]mS-n-gv Ch s]mSnv Ddp-am--g-ns ckhpw shhpw tNp tamcn Ien Cppw tNp apdp-In-tm-Ip Atim tcmKn-Iv sImSp-m At[m-hm-bphpw aehpw A\p-tem-a-am-Ipw.sImSn-q-h-th-cv, Iqhfw thcv, Ab-tam-Z-Iw, Npv Ch Hmtcm-n-t\mSpw kaw ]mS-n-gv tNtm Ch Fmw IqSntNtm Ijm-b-amn D]-tbm-Kn-m A-p-sIm-p thZ\ ian-pw. A[hm-X-a-e- t\sc t]mIp-hm-\mbn Dn Xfncv Fbpw s\pw tNp hdp aes]mSn hnXdn Blm-c-n\p apmbn sImSp--Ww. AY-hm- aZncma-Zy-ntem ko[p-a-Zy-ntem kuhocI-ntem Cp-pv tNv Blm-c-n\p apmbn IpSn-p-Itbm AYhm ISp shw tNp Blm-c-n\p apmbn Xnp-Itbm sN-Ww.

]n-eo-\m-K-c-mc Poc-Im-Pm-Pn-[m-\yssIx

^mWntX\N kwtbmPy ^emavfw km[-tbm-ZvLrXw

]neo ]n-eo-aqew Nn{XtIm lkvXn-]n-en

irwK-thc bh-mcu ssXxknw ]mb-tb-ZvLrXw

Nhy-Nn-{XI knw hm KpU-mc ka-\znXw

]nen aqe-knw hm KpU-mc ka-\znXw

]nen ]n-eo-aqew Z[n-\m-Kc [m\yssIx

knw kn hn[m-Xhyw hmX-hm-hn-_--\p
47

Xn-en, Npv, Nhm-cw, Poc-Iw, sIm-m-ecn Ch I-amn ep-pcp apX-emb ]pfn-c-k-ap ^e--fpsS Ijm-b-n ]mIw sNsbvXSpp s\v ic]mhv Imn-bXpw tNpv tbmPn-nv Atim tcmKn tkhn--Ww. Xnen, Imp-Xn--en-th-cpv, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, An-n--en, Cn, Nhm-cw Ch I-amn ip-P-e-n kvt\l-]m-I-hn-[n-{]-Imcw ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\v Atim-tcmKn tkhn--Ww. AYhm Imp-ap-f-Inthcpw sImSp-th-cn-n-gpw Iev-ambn ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\n s\ns \men-sem-cp-`mKw i-cbpw Nhm-chpw tNp tbmPn-np tkhn--Ww.AYhm Imp-Xn--en-th-cv Iev-ambn ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\n i-cbpw Nhm-chpw tNp tbmPn-np tkhn--Ww.Xn-en, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, Npv, sIm-vecn Ch s\ns \men-semv Iev-ambpw s\ns \men-cn ssXcpw tNp Fm LrX-fpw ipjvImtim-tcm-Kn-bpsS At[m-hm-X-{]-h-\-X-S--tbpw ae-_--tbpw ian-n-p--Xm-Ip-p.

Nhyw {XnI-SpIw ]mTw mcw IpkvXpw-_p-cq-WnN

bam\ow ]neo aqe apt`N hnU-ssk-th

Nn{XIw hnez-a-`bmw ]njvSzm kn hn]m-N-tb

iIr-Zzm-Xm-\p-tem-aymw PmtX-Z[v\n NXpKptW

{]_m-ln-Imw-Kp-Z-`v#wiw aq{X-Ir{w ]cn-{khw

KpZ-hw-W iqe LrX-ta-XZv hymt]m-l-Xn.

Nhym-Zy-Lr-Xw.
48

Imp-ap-f-Inth-cv, {XnI-Sp, ]mS-n-g-v, Nhm-cw, sIm-m-e-cn, Ab-tam-Z-Iw, Xn-en, Imp-Xn-en thcv, hnUve-h-Ww, Cp-v, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, Iqh-fw-th-cv, ISp Ch Acp s\ns \men-semv Iev-ambpw s\ns \men-cn ssXcpw tNp (ssXcv am{Xw tNp s\v ]mIw sNp-tm ssXcns \men-cn ip-P-ehpw tN-Ww.) ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\v ae-hm-bp-sf A\p-tem-a-am-p-hm \-Xm-Ip-p.Cu s\m ap KpZ-{`w-iw, aq{X-Ir-{w, KpZ-n\n-p ]nm-{kmhw KpZ-nepw Ib-e-bnepw D sshZ\ Fn-h-tbbpw ian-n-p--Xm-Ipp.

\mKcw ]n-eo-aqew Nn{XtIm jkvXn-]n-eo

izZwjv{Sm ]neo [m\yw hnezw ]mTm-b-am-\nIm

NmtK-cn-kz-ctk knx Iss-tc-ssXn-]m-N-tb

NXpKp-tW\ Z[v\mN XZvLrXw {]hm-lnImw

KpZ-{`w-imn am\mlw LrX-ta-XZv hyt]m-l-Xn.

\mK-cm-Zn-Lr-Xw.
49

Npv, Xn-en-th-cv, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, An-n--en, sRcn-n, Xn-en, sIm-m-e-cn, Iqh-fw-th-cv, ]mS-n-g-v, Ab-tam-ZIw Ch s\psS \men-semv Iev-ambpw s\ns \men-cn ]pfn-bm-c-ene ckhpw A{X-Xs ssXcpw tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. Cu s\v I^-hm-X-sf \in-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. Ai-v, {Kl-Wn-tZm-jw, aq{X-Ir-{w, ap, KpZ-{`w-iw, KpZ-iq-e, hbdv-dzov Fn-h-tbbpw Cu s\v ian-n-p--Xm-Ip-p.

]n-eo-\m-Kcw ]mTmw izZw-jv{Sm ]rYIv ]rYIv

`mKmwkv{Xn ]en-Im IrXzm Ijmb ap]-I]-tb

KWvUocw ]n-en-aqew thymjw Nhyw kNn-{XIw

]njvSzm Ijmtb hn\-tb ]qtXXzn ]enIw ]rYIv

]em\n kn-jkvXkvanw-Xzm-cnw-i {]tbm-P-tb

NmsKcn kzc-kw-Xpeyw kn-tjm-Z[n jUvKpWw

arZz-n\m km[-tb Xknw kn \n[m-]-tb

XZm-lmtc {]tbm-hyw ]mt\ {]mtbm-KntI hn[u

{Kl-Wytim hnIm-cLv\w Kpa lrt{Zm-K-\m-i\w

timj-]vfo-tlm-Z-cm-\ml aq{X-Ir{ Pzcm-]lw

Imk-ln-m-cpNn izmk kqZ\w ]miz-iq-e-\p

_e-]p-jvSn-Icw hy-an ko-]-\w-]-cw.

]n-eym-Zn-Lr-Xw.
50

Xn-en, Npv, ]mS-n-g-v, sRcn-n Ch {]tXyIw {]tXyIw aqv aqv ]ew hoXw FSpp Fn-cn sh-n Ijmbw shp Ipdpn \men-sem-m-n-sb-Sp--cnp AXn am-\m-dn, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, {XnI-Sp, Imp-ap-f-Inth-cv, sImSp-th-cn-n-gv Ch cp]ew FSp--cp Ievw tNp 40]ew s\pw 40--]ew ]pfn-c-bm-c-ens kzc-khpw 240--]ew ssXcw tNp am-n-bn ]mIw sNbvXp Acn-s-Spp Hcp ]m{X-n-emn kqn-p-sh--Ww.B s\v ]Xn-hmbn A-]m-\m-Zn-I-fn sNp-]-tbm-Kn--Ww.AXv {Kl-Wo-tZm-j-tbpw Ai-n-t\bpw \in-n-pw.Kp-t\bpw lrt{Zm-K-tbpw \in-npw timjwol-tcm-Kw, DZ-c-tcm-Kw, hb-dzov, aq{XIr{w Fn-hsb ian-n-pw. Imkw, Fn-, Acp-Nn, izmk-tcm-Kw, ]miz-iq-e, Fn-hsb \in-n-pw. _ew, ]pjvSn, h-{]-km-Zw, An-Zo]vXn Fn-hsb Dm-p-Ibpw sNpw.

kKpUmw ]n-eo-bp-m-a-`bmw LrX-`nXmw

{Xnhr--o-bpXmw hm]n-`--tb-Zm-\p-tem-anIow

hnUzm-X-I^ ]nm-\m-a-\p-tem-tay\ \nte

KptZƒ imwkn {]im-ayn ]mh-I-m`n h-tX.
51

At[m-hmX aem-Zn-I-fpsS A\p-tem-amw s\n hdp-s-Spp s]mSn ISpm Nq-ns IqsS shhpw Xn-en-sm-Snbpw tNtm {XtIm-ev]-Ip-bpw \mK-Z-n-thcw s]mSn-Xp tNtm tkhn--Ww.aew, hmXw, I^w, ]nw Ch-I-fpsS A\p-tem-a-K-Xn-sImv KpZw \n-e-am-Ip-tm Aiv ian-p-Ibw PT-cmn hn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Ip-p.

_ln Xnn-cn-em-hm\mw ckm-\-avfm kpkw-kvIr-Xm

ZmWmw h-Im-\m SZymZv hnUzm-X-kw-{K-tl.
52

abn, Xnn-cn--n, Nohn Ch-I-fp-tStbm tImgn-bp-tStbm ImS--n-bp-tStbm amwk-c-k-sf A-^ew tNp ]pfn-ckw hcpn addv akm-e-Ifpw tNp ]mI-s-Spn aehpw At[m-hm-bphpw IS-n-cn-p--Xn sImSp--Ww.

{Xnhr-o ]em-im\mw NmtM-cym-n-{X-I-kyN

ba-tI-`nXw ZZym-m-Iw-Z[n ka-\znXw

Dt]m-ZnImw XWvUp-eobw hncmw-hm-kvXpI ]-hm

kphemw ktem-WnImw bh-im-I-a-hKPw

AavfnImw ka-lm-]{Xnw ImI-amNow cplmw XYm

Poho iSo-im-I imIw KrRvP-\-I-kyN

Z[n ZmUna knm\n ba-ssI`n-Xm-\nN

[m\y-\m-K-c-bp-m\n imIm-t\y-Xm\n Zm]-tb.
53

{XntIm-ev]-Ip-, \mK-Z-n, miv, ]pfn-bm-c, sImSp-thcn Ch-I-fpsS Xfncv s\pw Fbpw tNp hdpp ssXcn tNp sImSp--Ww. hj-f-o-c, sNdp-No-c, ]map-Xp-n Ce, hmkvXp-o-c, kqcy-Im-n-bn-e, ImtIm-In-en Ce, ]pfn-bn-e, ]\-n-cn, Icn--m-fn, Nnd-d-ar-Xn Ce, AS-]-Xn-b-C-e, Iq-c-C-e, ap-n-Ce Ch ssXcpw Ddp-am-g ckhpw tNp ]mIw-sNbvXp Fbpw Xmfn sIm-m-e-cnbpw Nppw s]mSnp tNp sImSp--Ww.

tKm[m-em-hI ammc izmhn-Zpjv{S Khm-a]n

Iq-i--I-tbm-ssh km[tbm Ih-{Z-km.
54

DSp-v, Noh-n, ]q, sNdnb ap]-n, HIw, ]ip, Ba, ap]n Fn-h-I-fpsS amwk-c-ks Ce--dn-bp-m-p-hm ]d--Xp-t]m-se-bp-m-n-sIm-Sp--Ww. AXm-bXv ssXcpw Ddp-am--g-c-khpw tNp ]mIw-sNbvXp s\pw Fbpw Xmfnp sIm-m-e-cnbpw Nppw s]mSnp tN-W-sa-w.

c-im-teym-Z\w ZZymZv cssk-kvssXmX imtb

mXzm-hm-tXm-cw cpw amnw Kpcp-Pm-Xp-cw.

aZncmw i-cm-PmXmw ko[pw-X{Iw Xptjm-ZIw

AcnjvSw Z[n-aWvUw hm irXwhm inin-cw-Pew

I-Imcym irXw-hm]n irXw-\m-Kc [m\yssIx

A\p-]m-\w-`njKv ZZymZv hmX-hm\p tema-\w.
55

56

Atim-tcm-Kn-bpsS hmX ia-\-n-\mbn ta]-d amwk-c-km-Zn-I-fpw tNp sNs--cn-tmdv sImSp--Ww.Atim-tcm-Kn-bpsS hmX-{]-[m-\-Xbpw ico-c-cq--Xbpw An-am-yhpw a\-n-em-n-bnv i-c-sIm-p-m-nb aZyw, Icn-n \ocp-sIm-p-m-nb aZyw, tamcv ImSn-th-w, Acn-jvSw, ssXcns shw, Xnf-np XWn--sh-w, I-Im-cn-p--thcv Ijmbw sh shw, Nppw sIm-m-e-cnbpw Cp Xnf-n shw Ch Blm-c-n\v A\p-]m-\-ambn sImSp--Ww.CXv At[m-hmX ae-sf A\p-tem-a-am-p--Xm-Ip-p.

DZm-h ]co-Xmtb tb NmXyw hncq-nXmx

hntem-a-hmXmx iqemm kvtXjzn-jvS-a-\p-hm-k-\w.
57

bmsXmcp Atim-tcmKn DZm-h-tcm-Kw-sImv ]oUn-X-\m-bn-cn-p-pthm GsXmcp Atim-tcm-Kn-bpsS icocw AXyw cq-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw hmbp {]Xn-tem-a-ambn {]hn-p-Ibpw hb-d-dn thZ-\-sImv ]oUn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm An-s\-bp--h-cn kvt\l-hkvXn {]tbm-Kn-p-Xv \-Xm-Ip-p.

]neow a[p-Iw-hnezw iXmlzw aZ-\w-hNmw

IpjvTw iSow ]pjvI-cmJyw Nn{XIw tZh-Zm-cpN

]njvSzm-ssXew hn]-hyw ZznKp-W-o-c-kw-bpbw

Aikmw aqV-hm-Xm\mw Xt{-jvT-a-\p-hm-k\w

KpZ\nx kcWw iqew aq{X-Ir{w {]hm-lnImw

IpSyq-cp-]rjvT Zu_ey am\mlw hw-Wm-{ibw

]nm-{kmhw KptZ-tim^w hmX-hm hn\n-{Ktl

Dm\w _lptim b-P-tb Xm-\p-hm-k-\w.
58

Xn-en, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, Iqh-fw-th-cv, NXp-Ip-, ae-m-c-, hb-v, sImw, Iq-cw, ]pjvI-c-aq-ew, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, tZh-Xmcw Ch kaw FSp--cp Iev-amn Fs Ccn ]mepw tNp Imn-sb-Sp--Ww.B ssXew hb-d-dn hmbp-sI-n-n-S-p Ai-p-Iv kvt\l-hkvXn sNp-hm t{imj-T-am-Ip-p.KpZ-{`w-iw, hb-tdz-Z-\, aq{X-Ir-{w, ap, Ac-s-nepw XpS-I-fnepw ]pdpw Dm-Ip _e--bw, Ib-esb B{i-bn-p-m-Ip how, ]nm-Xn-km-cw, KpZnse how, At[m-hm-bp-hn-tbpw ae-n-sbpw XS-w, ae-hn-k-\-n-mbn IqsS-qsS tXmpI Fn-h-tbbpw B A\p-hm-k\w Pbn-pw.

A\p-hm-k-\nssIx ]njvssSx kptJmjvssWx

kvt\l kwbpssXx

Zym ssXcu-j-ssZ tZlymx kvX_v[mx

ip\m-Kp-tZ-cplmx

ssXZnKvmx {]{k-h-ymip ivtfjva-]nmw

ktim-WnXmw

IWvUpx kvXw`x kapIv tim^x {kpXm\mw hn\n-hm-X.
59

A\p-hm-k\ ssXe-n\v Iev-ambn ]d Xn-eymZn Huj-[ Acp kvt\l-{Zhyw tNp kln-p-hm Ign-bp NqSn kvXw`n-Xpw hon-bXpw amwkm-p-c--fp--Xp-amb Ai-n Hcp sNdnb Np-Iw-t]m-se-bp D]-I-cWw sImv ]pc--Ww. Cu te]-\w-sImv c-tmSp IqSnb I^hpw ]nbpw W-n {khn-p--Xm-Ip-p. Ans\ {kmh-ap-mbn KpZw ip-am-bm sNmdn-n, kvXw`w, thZ-\, how Fnh ian-p--Xm-Ip-p.

\ocqlw hm {]bp-RvPoX kocw Zi-aq-enIw

kaq{X kvt\l ehWw Iss-cypw ^em-Zn`nx
60

Zi-aq-ew-sIm-p-m-nb Ijm-b-n kaw ]mev tNp tKmaq-{Xhpw kvt\l-{Z-hyhpw Cppw al-m-c apX-emb Iev-a-cp-p-Ifpw Ac-p-tNp Ijm-b-h-kvXn-bmbn {]tbm-Kn-p-Itbm sNmw.

lco-X-Io\mw {]mw {]-am-a-e-I-kyN

kymI-]n-mZv Zi-]ew XtXmt-t\{ hmcpWn

hnUwKw ]n-eo-tem{w acn-Nw-ssk-e-hm-epIw

Zzn]-emwiw Pe-ssky-X--Xp-t{ZmtW hn]m-N-tb

t{ZmW-titj ctk-X-kvan ]qtX-iotX kam-h-t]

KpUky ZzoiXw XnjvtS X]w LrX-`m-Pt\

]m-Zqzw `tht]-bm-X-tXmam {Xmb-Ym-_ew

Akym-`ymkm Zcn-jvSky KpZ-Pm-bmn kwbm

{Kl-Wo-]mWvUp lrt{ZmK ]vfol-Kptam-Z-cm-]lx

IpjvT-tim-Ym-cp-Nn-ltcm _e-hmn h\x

kntm ƒ ba-`-bm-cnjvSx Ima-em-izn-{X-\m-i\x

Iran-{K-y_pZ hywK-cm-P-bva Pzcm--Ir.
61

ISp-m-tmSv 8-]-ew, s\n-m-tmSv 16--]ew hnfm-gw 10--]-ew, Imp-sh--cn-thcv 5-]-ew, hngm-e-cn, Xn-en, ]mtm-d-dn-tm-ev, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Gem-hm-epIw Ch Cuc-p-]ew Ch-sb-mw-IqSn 128--C-S-gn sh-n Ijm-bw-shp Ipdpn \men-sem-m-n-sb-Sp--cnp XWn-m AXn 200--]ew shw tNp Hcp s\v ab-nb ]m{X-n-emn 15--Zn-hkw thn-cpp AXn-\p-tijw FSp--cnp _e-n--\p-k-cnp am{X-\n--bnp tkhn--Ww.Cu Acn-jvS-ns \ntXym-]-tbm-Kw-sImv Aiv ian-p--Xm-Ip-p. kp{]-kn--amb Cu A`-bm-cn-jvSw, {Kl-Wo-tcm-Kw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, lrt{Zm-Kw, ol-tcm-Kw, Kp, DZ-c-tcm-Kw, IpjvTw, tim^w, Acp-Nn, Fn-hsb \in-n-p-Xpw _ew, h-{]-km-Zw, PT-cmn Fn-hsb hn-n-p-Xpw Ima-e, izn{Xw, Iran, {Kn-ho-w, A_p-Zw, hywKw, cmP-b-vam-hv, Pzcw Fn-hsb \in-n-p-Xpw BIp-p.

Zo-Nn-{XI aqem-\m-ap-`tbmx ]-aq-etbmx

`mKm ]emw-im\m t]mYy Pe-t{ZmtW hn]m-N-tb

{Xn]ew {Xn^-em-bm Zem\mw X{X-Zm-]-tb

ctk-N-Xp-ti-tjXp ]qtX-iotX kam-h-t]

Xpemw KpUky X XnjvtT amkmw LrX-t`-Pt\

Xam-{Xbm ]nt_-n-Xy-atimt`ym ƒ ]n {]ap-Ny-tX.

{KlWo ]mWvUp tcmKLv\w hmX-hm-\p-tem-a\w

Zo]-\-mcp NnLv\ Zy-cn-jvS-an-aw-enZpx Zym-cn-jvSx.
62

\mK-Z-n-th-cv, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, Zi-aq-ew, Ch Hmtcm-]ew AXm-bXv Fmw IqSn 12--]ew \-hw Xd-n-Snp 32--C-S-gn sh-n Ijmbw sh-Ww. B Ijm-b-n 3-]ew {Xn^-e-tm-Sp-IqSn CS-Ww. IpdpIn \men-sem-m-bm-se-Sp--cnp XWn-m Hcp Xpemw ic tNp Hcp s\v ab-nb ]m{X-n-emn 15--Zn-hkw kqn-p-th--Ww. ]Xn-\v Znhkw Ign-m-se-Sp--cnp bpn-t]mse am{X-\n--bnp ]Xn-hmbn tkhn-m Atim-tcm-K--fn\nv tamN\w Inp--Xm-Wv. Cu Zym-cn-jS {Kl-Wo-tcm-K-tbpw ]mWvUp-tcm-K-tbpw ian-n-p-Xpw At[m-hm-bp-hn-t\bpw ae-tbpw A\p-tem-a-am-p-Xpw Zo]-\-i-n-bp-m-p-Xpw Acp-Nnsb ian-n-p-Xpw BIp-p. (A-cn-jvSm-k-h--fn-semw XmXn-cn-]qhv tNt--Xm-Wv.)

lco-XIo ^e-{]w {]-am-a-e-I-kyN

hnim-etbm Z[n-ky ]mTm-Nn-{X-I-aq-etbmx

tZztZz ]te kam-t]mYy Zznt{ZmtW km[-tb-Z]mw

]mZm-h-titj ]qtXN ctk-X-kvan {]Zm-]-tb

KpU-sskyImw Xpemw sshZy-kvX m]yw LrXm-`m-Pt\

]-nXw ]nt_-tZ\w {Kl-Wytim hnIm-c-hm

lr]m-WvUp-tcmKw ]vfolm\w Imaemw hnj-a-Pzcw

htm aq{Xm-\ne IrXm hn_-m-\-n-amhw

Imkw Kpa-ap-Zm-hw ^em-cnjvtSm hyt]m-lXn

An-k-o-]t\m tlyj-Ir-jvWm-t{X-tbW `mjn-Nx.

CXn-^-em-cnjvSx
63

ISp-m-tmSv 16--]-ew, s\n-m-tmSv 15--]ew Imp-sh-cnthcv, hnfm--gw, ]mSn-gv Ch Cuc-p-]ew Ch-sbmw IqSn Xd-n-Snp 64--C-S-gn sh-n Ijmbw shp \men-sem-m-bm-se-Sp--cnp AXn Hcp Xpemw sew tNp Hcp s\v ab-nb ]m{X-n-emn 14--Zn-hkw kqn-p-sh--Ww. AXn-\p-tijw FSp--cnp bpn-t]mse am{X-\n--bnp tkhn--Ww. Cu ^em-cn-jvSw, {Kl-Wo-tcm-Kw, Atim-hn-Im-cw, lrt{Zm-Kw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, ol-tcm-Kw, Ima-e, hnj-a-Pz-cw, ae-_-w, aq{X-tcm-[w, At[m-hm-bp-tcm-[w, An-am-yw, Imkw, Kp, DZm-hw Fn-hsb ian-n-p-Xpw An-Zo-]vXnsb Dm-p-Xpw BIp-p. Cu Acn-jvS-tbmKw IrjvWm-t{X-b-\m ]d-b-s--Xm-Ip-p.CXnepw XmXn-cn-]qhv tN-Ww.

Zpcm-e-`mbmx {]p hmim-bm-n-{X-I-kyN

Atbm-a-e-Im-\m ]mTmbm \mK-c-kyN

Zym-Zzn ]em `mKm Pe-t{ZmtW hn]m-N-tb

]mZm-h-titj iotXN ]qtX-X-kvan knXm-iXw

ZXzm-Ipwt` ZrtV-m-]yw amkmw LrX-`m-hntX

{]en]vtX ]n-eo-Nhy {]nbwKpw a[p-knjm

Xky-am{Xmw ]nt_Imte im-c-ky-b-Ym-_ew

Aim-kn-{K-l-Wo-tZmj aqZm-h-a-tcm-NIw

iIraq-{Xm\n temZvKmc hn_-m\ namhw

lrt{ZmKw ]mWvUp-tcm-K k-ta-Xt\ km[-tb

i-cm-cn-jvSx.
64

sImSn-q-h-th-cv, 16--]-ew, BS-tem-S-Iw-th-cv, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, ISp-, s\n-, ]mS-n-g-v, Npv, \mK-Z-n-thcv Ch Cuc-p-]ew Ch-sb-sb-mw-IqSn Xd-n-Snp 32--C-S-gn sh-n Ijm-bw-shp \men-sem-m-bm ]ngn--cnp XWn-m AXn 100--]ew ]-kmc tNp \ Dd-p-Xpw s\v ab-n-b-Xp-amb ]m{X-n, Xn-en, Imp-ap-f-Inth-cv, Rmhqhv Ch s]mSnp tX\pw s\pw tNp tbmPn-np ]pcn AXn Hgnp 15--Zn-hkw kqn-p-sh--Ww.Cu i-cm-cn-jvS-ns am{X tcmKn-bpsS ico-c-_-e-n--\p-k-cnp \n-bn--Ww. Ai-v, {Kl-Wo-tZm-jw, DZm-hw Acp-Nn, ae-h-w, aq{X-X-S-w, At[m-hm-bp-hns XS-w, G\z--ns XS-w, An-am-y, lrt{ZmKw Fn-h-sbmw Cu i-cm-cn-jvSw-sImv ian-p--Xm-Ip-p.

\h-kym-a-eI sskyImw Ipcym--cn#--cnXmw Xpemw

IpU-hmw-im ]nteym hnUwKw acnNw XYm

bhmkx ]n-eo-aqew {IapIw Nhy-Nn-{XIu

aRvPn-jvSm-hm-epIw tem{w ]en-Im-\yp-]-I-tb

IpjvTw Zmcp-l-cn-{ZmN kpcmlzx imcn-_m-Zzbw

apkvX-an-{m-lz-b-ssh Ipcym-Z-]-teman-Xm

NXzmcn \mK-]p-jv]ky ]em-\y-`n-\-h-kyN

t{ZmWm-`ym-aw-`tkm Zzm`ymw km[-bn-Xzm-h-Xm-c-tb

t{ZWm-h-titj ]qtXN iotX-X-kvan {]Zm-]-tb

arZzoIm ZzmV-I-ckw ioXw \ncypl knXw

i-cm-bm `nmbm ZZymZv ZznKp-WnXw Xpemw

Ipkp-aky ck-sskyI a-{]w \h-kyN

XztK-em-]vfh ]{Xmw-_p-tk-hy-{I-apI tIi-cm

Nq-bn-XzmN aXn-am Imjn-I-t\{X Nmh-t]

Xkw m]-tb ]w kpNut

LrX-`m-Pt\

{]e]vtX knjm Inn-cm Kpcp-[q-]ntX

t]bx kzmZp-ctkm lrZyx {]tbm-KmZv `-tcm-N\x

Aimwkn {KlWo tZmj am\m-l-ap-Zcw Pzcw

lr]m-WvUp-tcmKw izbYpw Kpaw htm-hn-\n-{Klw

Imkw-ivtf-jvam-a-b-tm-{Km km-t\-hm-]-IjXn

heo-]-en-X-Jm-enXyw tZmj-Pp hyt]m-l-Xn. I\-Im-cn-jvSwx
65

Ipcp-I-f ]pXnb s\n 100--]-ew, Xnen 4-]-ew, hngm-e-cn, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, sImSn-q-h-th-cv, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, Ifn-b-S-, Imp-ap-f-Inth-cv, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, a-n-tm-ev, Gem-hm-ep-Iw, ]mtm-d-do-tm-ev, Ch Hmtcm-]-ew, sImw, ac-a--tm-ev, tZh-Xm-cw, sNdnb \m-dn-n-g-v, ap-, henb \m-dn-n-g-v, Imp-sh--cn-thcv Ch Atc-c-]-ew, ]pXnb \mK-qhv 4-]ew Ch-sbmw IqSn 64--C-S-gn sh-n Ijmbw shp 16--CSgn Bbm-se-Sp--cnp XWn-m AXn 8-C-S-gn XWn apn-cnm Ijm-bhpw 200--]ew ]-km-cbpw 3-C-S-gn tX\pw tN-Ww. Ch-sb-mw-IqSn tNp tbmPn-np AXn Ce-hw-Kw, Ge--cn, Ibn-ap--, ]n-e, Ccp-th-cn, cma-w, Ifn-b-S-, \mK-qhv Ch apqv Ig-n-hoXw FSp-p-s]m-Sn s]mSnbpw tNp tbmPn-np s\v ]qin-bXpw i-cbpw AInepw tNp Inp Aev]w ]pI-tb-ev]n--Xp-amb ]m{X-n-emn 15--Zn-hkw kqn-p-sh--Ww, 15--Zn-hkw Ign-m I\-Im-cnjvSw F t]cm {]kn--amb Cu Acn-jvSs Acn-s-Spp D]-tbm-Kn--Ww.Cu AcnjvSw \ a[p-c-ap-Xpw lrZy-hp-am-Ip-p.CXns D]-tbm-Kw-sImv Blm-c-n\v cpNn-bp-m-Ipw.Ai-v, {Kl-WotZm-jw, hb-dzov, atlm-Z-cw, Pzcw, lrt{Zm-Kw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, tim^w, Kp, ae-_-w, Imkw, Zmcp-W-amb I^-tcm-K- Fn-h-sbmw ian-p--Xm-Ip-p. tZmj-P-\y-am-bp-m-Ip ico-c-nse Npn-Np-fn-n, \c, Ijn Fn-h-tbbpw \in-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. kzm`m-hn-I-am-bp-m-Ip heo-]-enX Jmen-Xy- CXp-sImv ian-p-I-bn-s-w.(C-hnsS ]d Acn-jvSm-k-h--fn-semw XmXn-cn-qhv tN-W-sav ]d--n-s-nepw tNt-XmWv am{X-a 15--Zn-hkw Ign-m Acn-s-Sp--W-sav ]d-n-s-nepw Npcp-n-bXv 40--Zn-h-k-sa-nepw Ign-mte Acn-jvSm-k-h- Acn-s-Sp-phm ]mSpq.)

]{X-`w-tKm-ZssIx iuNw Ipcym-Zp-jvtW\ hmw`km

CXn-ip-jvIm-c-ikmw kn-ta-X-Zpw NnInkn-Xw.
66

ipjvImtim-tcmKn ae-hn-k-\-n-\p-tijw Ai-ns\ ian-n-p--Xmb Ce-I-fnp NqSm-nb shw-sImtm AYhm NqSp-sh-w-sImtm iuN-{Inb sN-Ww.C{]-Imcw ipjvImi-p-Iv ^e-{]-Z-amb NnInk ]d-b-s-p.

NnInknX aXx knw {kmhnWmw kw{]-N-tX

X{Xm-\p-_m Zznhn[x ivtfjvatWm amcp-X-ky-N.
67

C\n c-{km-h-ap-m-Ip Ai-p-I-fpsS NnIn-sb ]d-bmw. cmi-p-I-fn cp-hn-[-n-ep A\p-_--ap-m-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. Hv I^-n-tbpw asddmv hmX-n-s-Xpw.

hnSviymhw ITn\w cq-mt[m hmbp \ htX

X\p-Nm-cpW h t^\n-e-m-kr-Kikmw

ISyp-cp-KpZ iqe Zu_eyw bZn-Nm-[nIw

X{Xm-\p-_tm hmXky tlXpb-ZnN cqWw
68

aew Icp-hm-fnpw cq-ambpw ITn-\-am-bp-an-cn-p-I, At[m-hmbp {]hn-m-Xn-cn-p-I, Ai-n\nv hcn cw t\cn-bXpw Acp-W-h-ambpw \pc-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp-an-cn-p-I, Ac-s-v, XpS KpZw Fn-hn-S--fn IqSp-X thZ-\-bp-m-hp-Ibpw sNp-I-bm-sW-nepw cq tlXp-sIm-p-m-b-Xm-sW-nepw hmX-ns A\p-_--ap cmi-m-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

inYnew tizX ]oX hnSvkv\nKvw Kpcp-io-Xfw

bZyikmw L\-m-ky-X-p-a ]mWvUp-]n-new

KpZw k]nw kvXnan-Xw-Kpcp kv\nKv ImcWw

ivtfjvam-\p-_tm hnt-b-kvX{X cm-cvi-

kmw-_pss[x
69

aew Abpw shfppw a-\n-d-ambpwkv\nKv-Xbpw Kpcp-Xzhpw ioX-f-hp-am-bn-cn-p-I, Ai-n \nv hcp cw In-bmbpw AXn \qevt]m-se-bp sh-h-c-Ifpw hgp-h-gppw Dm-bn-cn-p-I, KpZ-nv hgp-h-gppw Cf--an-m-bvabpw Dm-hp-I, Ai-p-m-Ip-hm-\p ImcWw Kpcp-Xbpw kv\nKv-Xbpw Bbn-cn-pI Cn-s\-bp cmiv I^m\p _-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-sWv _pn-am-\mb sshZy a\-n-em--Ww.

ioXw-kv\n-Kvw-lnXw hmtX-io-Xw-cqw I^m-\ptK

NnInkn-X-anZw Xkvam kw{]-[mcy {]tbm-P-tb
70

hmXm\p _-ap cmi-n ioX-fhpw kv\nKv-X-bp--Xp-amb hkvXp- D]-tbm-Kn-p--Xv \-Xm-Ip-p.(C-Xn ]n-c-m-[n-Iy-n ioX-fhpw hmXm-[n-Iy-n kv\nKv-X-bp-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-t--Xv.) I^m-\p-_--n ioX-fhpw cq-hp-amb hkvXp- D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv \-Xm-Ip-p.(C-Xnepw ]n-c-m-[n-Iy-n ioX-fhpw I^m-[n-Iy-n cq-hp-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-t--Xv. AXp-sImv Cu NnIn-sb \-hw Btem-Nnv a\-n-em-n-bn {]tbm-Kn--Ww.

]n-Kvtf-jvam-[nIw aXzm tKm[-t\-t\m-]-]m-Z-tb

{kh-W-m-]yp-t]-t-Xew Lss\hm kam-N-tc
71

cmi-n ]n-npw Ig-npw B[n-Iy-apvv a\-n-em-bm ha-\-hn-tc-N-\mZn tim[-\-{Inb sN-Ww.Zpjn cw t]mIp-Xv XS-bmsX hnt-t--Xm-Ip-p.AYhm D]-hm-k-cq-]-amb ewL-\--tf-sm-p-]-N-cn-p-Ibpw thWw.

{]hr--am-Zm-htimt`ym tbm \nKr-lm-WmXy

_pn-am

timWnXw tZmj-a-en\w XZw-tcm-Km P\-tbmZv _lq

c-]nw Pzcw XrjvWm-an kmZ-a-tcm-NIw

Imaemw izbYpw iqew KZhw W-kw-{ibw

IWvUq-cp-tImT ]nUImx IpjvTw ]mWvUzm-lz-bw-KZw

hmX-aq-{X-]p-co-jmWmw hn_w inc-tkm-cpPw

kvssXanXyw Kpcp-Km-{XXzw XYm-\ym c-PmK-Zm

Xkvam {kptX-Zp-jvS-ct c-kw-{K-l-Ww-ln-Xw.
72

_pn-lo-\-\mb sshZy {]mcw-`-n Xs Ai-n \np-h-cp tZmj-Zp-jn-amb aen\ cvsX kvXw`n-n-p-I-bm-sW-n AXv At\Iw tcmK-sf Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv c-]n-w, Pzcw, Zmlw, An-am-yw, Acp-Nn, Iman-e, tim^w, KpZ-nepw Ib-e-bnepw thZ-\, sNmdn-n, Ducp-kvXw-`w, tImTw, ]nU-I, IpjvTw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, At[m-hm-X-tcm-[w, aq{X-tcm-[w, ae_w, Xe-th-Z-\, icocw Cf-p-hm Ign-bm-bva, ico-c-L\w Fn-hbpw c-P-\y-amb addv hnIm-c-fpw DmIp-Xm-Ip-p.AXp-sImv ZpjvS-cw t]mbn--gn-m c-{kmhw \np-Xv \-Xm-Ip-p.

tlXp-e-W Ime-tm-_-e-tim-WnX h-hn

Imew-Xmh Zpt]-tX bmh-m-Xy-b-am-]v\p-bm.
73

c-{km-h-ap-m-Ip-hm-\p Imc-Ww, e-Ww, Imew, ico-c-_-ew, c-ns hw Fn-hsb Adn-bp sshZy F{X-Im-ew-hsc ZpjvS-c--{km-hs XS-bmsX Dt]-n-p-pthm A{Xbpw Imew-hsc B]-p-I-sfm-p-ap-m-Ip--X-.Adn-hn-m sshZy c-{km-hs XS-bmsX Dt]-n-m B]-p-m-Ip-sa-w.

An ko-]-\m c kw{K-l-Wm-bN

tZmjmWmw ]mN-\m--]cw Xnss-cp-]m-N-tc.
74

ZpjvS-c--{km-hm-\-cw An-Zo-]-\m-ambpw c kvXw`-\m-ambpw tZmj--fpsS ]mN-\m-ambpw Gd-dhpw Ibv{]-k-ap {Zhy--tf-sm-p-]-N-cn--Ww.

b Xp {]oW tZmjky cw hmtXm-ez-W-ky-N.

htX kvt\l-kmyw X ]m\m`yw Km\p-hm-k-ss\x.
75

tZmj- oWn--h\pw hmXw hn--h\pw Ai-n \nv bmsXmcp c-{]-h-\-ap-m-Ip-pthm B c-{]-h-\s kvt\l-]m-\w, kvt\lm-`yw-Kw, kvt\l-h-kvXn, Fn-h-I-tf-smv kmy-am-Ipw.(i-an-pw.)

b]n-tm-ezWw cw-L-Imte {]htX

kvXw`-\obw XtZ-Im-m-m-N hmX-I-^m-\p-Kw.
76

Fm ]n-{][m\-amb Ai-n \np c-{]-h\w DjvW-Im-e-m-sW-n AXn\v hmX-I-^--fpsS A\p-_--an-s-n AXv B]-p-m-p-sa-p--Xp-sImv B c-{]-h-\s \n-b-ambpw kvXw`n-n--Ww.

IpS-P-XzMv \ncyqlx k\m-Kcx kv\nKvtm-c

kw{K-lWx

XvKvZmUn-a-ky-X-Zz k\m-K-c--\ ck

N\ Incm-X-Xn [\z-b-hmjmx k\m-Kcmx IzYnXmx

cmikmw {]i-a-\m-Zmthym-Xz-Kp-inc \nw_m

kmXn-hnjm IpS-P-Xz-Iv^-e ckm-RvP\w

a[p-bp-Xm\n

cm-]-lm\n ZZym ]n]m-k-th-X-WvUp-e-P-te-\.
77

IpS-I-m-e-thtm-ens Ijmbw Aev]w Npv s]mSn tNp tkhn-m kv\nKv-c--{kmhw \nevpw.(kv\n-Kv-cw Fv ]d-m I^m-\p-_--tm-Sp-Iq-Snb c-am-sW-w.) AXp-t]m-se-Xs Ddp-am--g-tm-Sns Ijm-b-n Aev]w Npv Nqw tNp IpSn-mepw c N\ Ijm-b-n Aev]w Npv Nqw tNp IpSn-mepw kv\nKv c{khw \nevpw. c-N--\w, ]p-cn-p--th-cv, sImSn-q-h-th-cv, Npv Ch-I-fpsS Ijmbw cmi-ns\ ian-n-pw.ac-a--tmepw cma-hpw thntXmepw Ijm-bw-thp IpSn-mepw cmiv ian-pw. AXn-hn-S-bw, IpS-I-n-e-thtm-ev, IpS-I-m-e-b-cn, ckm-RvP\w Ch s]mSnp tX\n tNp c-{kmhw \np-hm-\mbn sImSp--Ww.Zml-ap-s-n Acn-m-Sn-bn Ien sImSp--Ww.

IpS-P-XztPm ]nhmNyw ]e-i-X-am{Zw atl-{-k-en-te\

bmh kymZ ckw X{hyw ]qtXm ck-kvX-tXm-{Kmlyx

tamN-ckx kk-awKx ^em-\oN ]emw-inssI kv{Xn`n-kvssX

hk-I-_oPw Xpeyw Nqn-Ir-X-a{X ZmXhyw

am{Xm-Im-tem-]-ln-Xm-ck {Issb-jm-P-bXy krIv{kmhw

OK-eo-]-bkm bpm-t]-bm-a-WvtU\ hmb-Ym-n-_ew

Pou-j-[ imeo ]b-km-Om-tK\ `qRvPoX

cmimw-ky-Xn-kmcw cw kmkr-K-cptPm \nl-ymip

_e-h--c--]nw ck-{Inssbjm Pb-Xyp-`-b-`m-Kw.

IpS-Pm-Zn-c-k-{In-bm.
78

IpS-I--e-th-cns ]-tm-ev, 100--]ew FSpp 16--C-S-gn ip-amb ag-sh--n Ijm-bw-shp 8-C-S--gn-bm-bm-se-Spp Acnp AXn Ce-hn]-i, ]Sp--th-cv, Rmgqhv Ch Hmtcm ]ehpw Chbvv kaw AXm-bXv 3-]ew IpS-I-m-e-b-cnbpw IqSn s]mSnp t]mSn-tNp hopw ]mIw sNWw km{-]m-I-ambn Np-I-n ]d-dp ]mI-am-bm hmn-sh--Ww. Cu ck-{Inb bp-amb Imepw bp-amb am{X-bnepw D]-tbm-Kn-m c-{km-hs Pbn-p.CXv An-_--n--\p-k-cnp tkhnp A\p-]m-\-ambn Bn]mtem \pdp--cn--ntbm In-tX-X-fntbm sImSp--Ww.Huj[w Zln-m \h-c-b-cn-tmdv Bn]m Iqn Dp-Ibpw thWw.Cu ck-{Inb cmi-kv, cm-Xn-km-cw, c kw_--amb tcmK- Fn-hsb W-n ian-n-p--Xm-Wv.taevt]mtm Iogvt]mtm t]mbn-sm-n-cn-p _e-ta-dnb c-]n--am-bmepw Cu ck-{Inb Pbn-p--Xm-Ip-p.

\ntem]ew kawKm tamN-c-k-i-N-\w

Xnem-tem{w

]nXzm-O-K-eo-]-bkm t`mPyw ]b-sskh imeyw

OK-eo-]bx {]bpw \nl-n-cw

khm-kvXp-I-c-k

[\z-hn-lwK arKmWmw ctkm-\n-cavfx IZavtfm hm

]mTmw hk-I-_oPw ckm-RvP\w \mKcw bam-\y

hnez-anXn Nmi-ssk-qn-Xm\n t]bm\n kiq-tejp

Zmo-In-cmX Xnw apkvXw Zpxkv]i-Icp[n-c-Lv\w.
79

\oe-m-a-c, ]Sp--th-cv, Ce-hn]-i, c-N\w, Fv, ]mtm-d-dn-tmev Ch kaw Acp Bn]m-en Ien IpSn-nv Bn ]mev Xs tNp imeyw `pPn-p-Ibpw thWw. Bn]mev hj-f-oc ckw tNp D]-tbm-Kn-mepw c-{kmhw ian-pw.PmwKe tZi-p-m-Ip ]n-I-fp-tSbpw arK--fp-tSbpw amwk-ckw ]pfn-ckw tNm-sXtbm AYhm Aev]w ]pfn-ckw tNm D]-tbm-Kn-mepw c-{kmhw ian-w. ]mS-n-g-v, IpS-I-m-e-b-cn, ckm-RvP\w Ab-tam-Z-Iw, Iqh-f-mb Ch s]mSnp NqSp-sh--n Ien thZ-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb cmtim-tcmKn IpSn--Ww.ac-a-, ]p-cn-p--th-cv, ap-, sImSn-q-h-th-cv, Ch-bpsS Nqhpw c-{km-hs ian-n-p--Xm-Ip-p.

ctm ƒ Xnh-amt\ iqte-N-LrXw hn[m-Xhyw

IpS-P-^-e-Issx tIk-c-\o-tem]-e-tem-{-[m-X-Io-Issx

knw-LrXw hnt[bw iqte-c-mikmw `njPm

knx kZm-Un-a-ckw kbmh iqIw-irXw Pb-Xymip

cw kiq-e-a-Yhm \nZn-KvnIm ZpKvn-Im-knw
80

cw IqSp-X-em-bn-tm-hp-Ibpw thZ-\-bp-m-hp-Ibpw sNp-I-bm-sW-n s\v sImSp--Ww. IpS-I-m-e-bcn Ievw tNtm Ipp-aw, \ne-m-a-c, ]mtm-d-dn-tm-ev, XmXn-cn-qhv Ch Ievw tNtm ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\v thZ-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb cmtim-tcm-Knv sImSp--Ww. s\ns \men-cn Ddp-am--g-tm-Sns Ijm-b-n s\ns \men-tem-cp-`mKw Nhmcw Ievvambn tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\v thZ-\-tbmSp IqSnb c-{km-hs W-n Pbn-pw. AYhm tNdp-h-Zn-\n-thcpw InWn-In-Wn-m-e-thcw Iev-ambn Imn-sb-Sp s\v tkhn-mepw cmi-n thZ-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp c-{kmhw ian-pw.

emPm-t]bm ]nXm Np{InIm tIi-tcm]ssex knm

lym-iz-{k-{kmhw XYm-_em hriv\n-]n`ymw

{lothc hney-\vK-c-\n-cyql kv[nXw k\-h-\nXmw

hrmavf ZmUn-am-avfma avfnImavfmw ktIm-emavfmw

KrRvP-\I kpcm-knmw ZZymZv ba-tI\ `n-Xm-t]bmw

cm-Xn-km-c-iqe {]hm-ln-Im-tim^ \n{K-lWow
81

]pfn-bm-c, \mK-q-hv, \oe-m-ac Fn-h-I-tf-smv Ijm-b-ap-mn AXn ae-n-bp-mn IpSn-m c-{kmhw W-n ian-pw. AXp-t]m-se-Xs Ipdp-tm-n-thcpw Hmcn-e-th-cpw-sIm-p-m-nb Ijm-b-n aen shp-IpSnmepw c-{km-hwW-n ian-pw. Ccp-thcn Iqh-fw-th-cv, Npv Ch-sIm-p-m-nb Ijm-b-n sNs-cn In-shp AXn shbpw tNp ac-p-fntbm Ddp-am--g-ns ]pfn-c-ktam ]pfn-h-n-m-b-bpsS ]pfn-c-ktam e-p-cp-hns ]pfn-c-ktam tNp sImSp-mepw cm-Xn-km-cw, hb-d-dnth-Z-\, AXn-km-cw, tim^w Fnh ian-pw.

Imiva-cym-a-e-Im\mw k I_p-{Z-^-em-avfm\mw

KrRvP-\-I-im-eva-eo\mw ZpKvn-Im\mw Np{In-Im-Wm

\yt{Km-[-ipw-K-Im\mw JUmw-kvXYm tImhn-Zmc ]pjv]mWmw

Z[v\x ktc-W-kn-m ZZym-{Zt {]hrt ƒ Xn.
82

Iap-ZnIm-b, s\n-, anm-c-q-hv, ac-pfn Ch-sImtm AYhm shfp-p-nbpw ]pf--dbpw sImtm InWn-In-Wn-m-e-sImtm ]pfn-bm-csImtm Bensam-vsImtm a-Nm-c-q-hp-sImtm ssXcns sh-n ]mIw sNbvXp JU-ap-mn cw IqSp-X-em-bn-tm-Ip Atim-tcm-Knv sImSp--Ww. (JUw Fv ]d-m Huj-[- tamcn Ac-p-Im-ntbm [m\y-bq-j-n Ac-p-Im-ntbm Dm-p apn-Sn-sb-w.)

knw ]em-WvUp-imIw Xt{I-tWm-t]m-Zn-Im-k-_-Z-cmavfmw

cp[n-c-{kpXu {]Z-Zym akq-c-bq-j X{Imavfw

]bkm irtX-\-bp-ssjx-k-Xo-\-ap-ZvKm-V-Io-a-kq-cmWmw

t`mP-\-a-Zym-Zavssfx imen-iym-amI tIm{Z-hPw

ii-l-cn-W-em-h-amwsskx I]n-RvP-sse-tW-bssIx kpkn-ss-h

t`mP-\-a-Zym a[p-ssc-c-avssf-co-j ka-cn-ssNm

Z-inJn Xnn-cn-c-ssk ZznI-Ip-Z-t\m-]m-I-ssP a[p-cmavtfx

AZym-{Zssk cXn-h-tl-jzix kz\n-tem-ezW icocx

ck-J-U-im-I-b-hmKp kwbpx tIhtem ƒ Yhm-P-bXn

c-a-Xn-h-am\w hmX ]em-WvUp-cq-]-bpx

OmKm--cm[n XcpWw kcp-[nc ap]-km-[nXw _lp-]-emWvUp

hyXym-kma-[p-cmavfw hnSvtim-WnX kw-tbm-Z-bw.
83

tamcn ]mIw-sNbvX henb Dn, e-p-cp-hns ck-n ]mIw-sNbvX hj-f-o-c, NW--b-dns bqjw, ]pfn--tamcv Fnh Ai-vsImv cw s]mIp--Xn sImSp--Ww. cmtim-tcmKn Imnb ]mev tNtm IS-e-, sNdp-]-b-dv, Xph-c, NW--bdv Fn-h-I-fpsS bqj-n Aev]w ]pfn-ckw tNv AXv Iqntbm sNs--cn, Nma-b-cn, hc-Icn Fn-h-I-tfsmpm-nb tNmdv D-Ww. AYhm apb, am ImS--n, Xnn-cn--n, IrjvW-arKw Fn-h-I-fpsS amwkw Aev]w a[p-c-c-khpw ]pfn-c-khpw Ipcp-ap-fIv s]mSnbpw tNp \-hw ]mIw sNbvXp AXp-Iqn sNs-cn apX-em-b-h-I-fpsS tNmdp--Ww. hmXm-[n-Iy-ap ico-c-{]-Ir-Xn-m-c\v cw IqSp-X-em-bn-tm-Ip cmi-p-I-fn tImgn, abn, Xnn-cn--n, H-Iw, Ipdp-\cn Fn-h-I-fpsS amwk-c-k-n Ddp-am--gw, apX-em-b-h-bpsS a[p-cm--c-k-fpw tNp AXpw Iqn sNs-cn apX-em-b-h-I-fpsS tNmdp--Ww. iim-Zn-I-fpsS amwk-c-kw, Imivaym-Zn-I-fpsS JUw, ]em-WvUzm-Zn-I-fpsS Ce-dn aen Fn-h-I-tfmSv tNp henb Dn D]-tbm-Kn-mepw AYhm tIhew henb Dn am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-mepw AYhm tIhew henb Dn am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-mepw cw IqSp-X-em-bn-tm-Ip--Xn-t\bpw hmX-tbpw Pbn-p--Xm-Ip-p. Hcp sNdnb Bn Ipn-bpsS Xebpw Imepw Bhpw FSpp Ifp c-tm-Sp-IqSn [mcmfw D-tNp ]mIw sNbvXp hyXym-k-s-Spn [mcmfw Dn-tNp-]mIw sNbvXp hyXym-k-s-Spn a[p-chpw ]pfnbpw tNp aehpw chpw bn cmtim tcmKnv sImSp--Ww. (hy-Xym-k-s-Spn Fv ]d-m ae--b-n a[p-c-ap ]g--fpsS ckw tNpw sImSp--W-sa-w.)

\h-aqX Xnem-`ym-km tIic \h-\nX i-cm-`ym-km

Z[n-k-c-a-Yn-Xm-`ym-km-ZvKp-ZPmx imay-n-c--h-lmx.
84

sh-bn Fv tNp-]-tbm-Knp ioen-mepw sh-bn Xma-c-b-nbpw ]-km-cbpw tNp-]-tbm-Knp ioen-mepw ssXcns ]mStbm shw tNm tamtcm D]-tbm-Knp ioen-mepw cmiv ian-p--Xm-Ip-p.

\h-\oX LrXw-amwkw OmK kj-jvSnIx imenx

Xcp-W kpcm-aWvU kvXcp-Wn-N-kpcm \nl-y-{kw.
85

Bn]m-en \ns-Sp-p sh, s\v, Bns amwkw, \h-c-b-cn-tm-dv, sNs--cn-tm-dv, aqs-m kpcm-a-Zy-ns sXfn, aqs-m kpcm-aZyw Ch-sbmw c-{km-hs ian-n-p--Xm-Ip-p.

{]mtbW hmX-_-lp-em-\yimkn `h-y-Xn-{kptX ct

ZrjvtS ƒ ]nln I^-]nt Xkvam-Z-\n-tem-ƒ [n-tIm-tbx

ZrjvSzmXp c-]nw {]_ew I^-hm-X-cq-]-a

ioXm-{Inbm {]tbmPym btY-cnXm hytX Nm\ym.
86

cmi-n\nv IqSp-X-embn cw {khn-p-t]m-Ip--Xm-bm an-hmdpw B Aiv hmX-{]-[m-\-am-bn-o-cp--Xm-Ip-p.I^-hn--{]-[m-\-amb Ai-n# \nv cw IqSp-X-embn {khn-p-t]m-bmepw hmXw hn-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXp-sImv IqSp-X-embn c-{km-h-ap-m-Ip Ai-p-I-sfmw hmXm-[n-Iy-ap--Xyn-cn-p-sap a\-n-em--Ww. Ai-n c-n\pw ]n-n\pw {]_-e-Xbpw Ig-n\pw hmX-n-\p-ap e-W- Aev]-ambpw Im-em-Is ChnsS ]d-b-s-Sp-Xpw addv Znn ]d-b-s-Sp--Xp-amb ioX-{In-b-I tN-Ww. (A-{]-Imcw sNbvXm c-]n--v _ew Ipd-bp-Ibpw hmX-I-^-v _e-ap-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw.)

a[pIw k ]-hw _Z-co-Xz-Kp-Zw-_-c-[-h-]-tSmew

]cn-tj-Nt\ {]tbmPyw hrjI Ip`-b-hmj \nw_m
87

Cc-n-a-[p-cw, An-tm-ev, Cn-tm-ev, BentXm-ev, Ac-bm-entXm-ev, s\t-\n-hmI-tm-ev, Fn-h-I-fpsS Ijm-btam e-tm-ev, An-tm-ev, Ra-tm-ev, Imp-]-tSm-e-n-C-e, Ch-bpsS Ijm-btam BS-tem-S-I-n Ce, \oa-cp-XntXm-ev, sImSn-q-h-th-cv, thntXm-ev, Ch-bpsS Ijm-btam Atim-tcm-Knv KpZ-n [mc-sN-p-hm-\p-]-tbm-Kn--Ww.

ct ƒ Xnh--amt\ IvtftZ ZmtlN kay-K-h-Kmlmx

a[p-Im-ar-Wm-f-N-\ ]I Ipi-Imi aqe-\n-IzmYmx

Cp-c-k-a-[pI thXk \ncyptl ioX-te-]-b-kn-hmXw

Ah-Km-l-tb {]ZnKvw ]qw ssXte\ inin-tc-W.
88

IqSp-X cw t]mIp--Xmb Ai-n Nnnepw Npp-\o-depw Ds-n Cc-n-a-[p-cw, cma-w, N-\w, ]Xp-ap-Iw, Ipi-th-cv, Bd-dvZ`-th-cv, Ch-sImv Ijm-b-ap-mn AXn apn-bn-cp--Ww.cw IqSp-X-em-bn-tm-Ip Atim-tcm-Knsb BZyw KpZ-nepw tZl-nepw ioX-hn-cy-ap ssXew ]pcn Ccn a[p-chpw Bd-dz-n-tmepw IqSn sh-Xmb Ijm-b-n Icn-n\ocpw tNp AXntem XWp sh-ntem apn-bn-cp--Ww.

ZXzm-LrXw k i-c-ap-]--tZti {XnI-tZ-tiN

inin-c-Pe kv]i kpJ-[m-cm-kw-kvXw-`-\n-tbmPym

IZ-fn-Z-sse-c-`n-\sshx ]pjvI-c-]-{X inX-P-e-knssx

{]m-Z\w aplqp-lp-cnjvSw ]tm-e-Z-ssf

aqm-LrXw {]tZlw iX-[uXw kl-{k-[u-X-knx

hyP\ ]h\x kpiotXm cm-{kmhw Pb-Xym-ip.
89

s\n ]-km-c-tNp tbmPn-np cmtim-tcm-Kn-bpsS D] kao-]pw Xs-ns Xmsg `mKpw ]pc-n-bnv Cfw NpSp-sh-w-sImv [mc-sN--Ww. CXv AXn-c--{km-hs kvXw`n-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. XWp shw \\ IZ-fn-hm-g--fn-cp-sImtm sNm-a-c, \ne-m-a-c, sh-m-ac Fn-h-I-fpsS Ce-sImtm {XI-{]-tZiw apX D]--k-ao-]w-hsc ad-p-Xv AXn-c--{km-hhpw Npp-\o-depw ian-p-hm \-Xm-Ip-p.Cu Ce IqsSqsS amd-dp-Ibpw thWw.Idp-I-bpsS kzc-k-n Idp-I-Xs Ievw-tNp Imn-sb-Sp-p s\v, iX-[u-X-LrXw (\m-ev]m-a-c-sh-) kl-{k-[u-X-LrXw Ch ]pc-p-I, hni-dn-sImv hnin XWp Imtddn-pI Fnh c-{km-hs W-n Pbn-p--Xm-Ip-p.

kaw-Km-a-[p-Im`yw Xne-a-[p-Im-`ymw-c-km-RvP\ LrXm`ymw

k-c-k-Lr-Xm`ymw \nw_-Lr-Xm`ymw a[p-Lr-Xm-`ym

Zmo-XzIv kn`ymw k N-\m`ym asYm-e-Lr-Xm`ymw

Zmtl-Ivtf-ZvN-Kp-Z-{`wti KpZPmx {]Xn-km-c-Wnbmx kypx
90

1-]-Sp--th-cv, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, 2-F-v, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, 3-c-km-RvP-\w, s\v, 4-sN--eyw, s\v, 5-th-ntXm-ev, s\v, 6-tX, s\v, 7-a-c-a--tm-ev, s\v, 8-\n-e-m-a-c, s\v Cu Ftym-K--fnepw a\w tNp tbmPn-np CXv Npp-\o-depw NonepwKpZ-{`w-ihpw D Ai-n tX-Ww.(I-ns hnc-en Huj[w FSpp Ai-n tXp ]nSn-n--Ww.)

B`nx {Ibm-`n-c-Yhm ioXm-`n-cy-ky-\-Xn-jvT-Xn-cw

Xw Imte kv\nKvtm-jvssW amwk-c-ssk-kvX-tba-Xn-am.
91

Cu ]d NnIn--I-tf-smpw ioX-{In-b-I-tf-smpw bmsXm-cp-h\v Ai-n\nv t]mIp cw \nevp-n-tbm An-s\-bp--hs\ _pn-am-\mb sshZy DNn-X-amb ka-bv kvt\l-{Zhyw tNpw NqSp--Xp-amb amwk-c-k--tfsmv, nWn-X-amb [mXp-sf ]pjvSn-s-Sp--Ww.AYhm [mcm-f-ambn sImSp--W-sapw Aw.

Ah-]o-UI kn`nx tImjvssW LrX-ssXen ssIm-`ywssKx

oc-LrX ssXe-tkssIx tImjvssWx kap-]m-N-tc-m-ip.
92

Ah ]oU\ \ky-nv ]d s\bn-I-tf-smtm NqSm-nb s\v, F Fn-h-I-tf-smtm D A`yw-Kw-sImtm NqSm-nb ]m, s\v, Fn-h-I-tf-sm-p [mc-sIm-tm, c-{]-h\w \nm Atim tcmKnsb W-n D]-N-cn--Ww.

tImjvtW\ hmX-{]-_te LrX-a-WvtU-\m\p hmk-tb-n{Lw

]nm-hkvXnw ZZymZv Imte-X-kym-Yhm knw.
93

hmX-{]-_-e-amb AXn-c {]h-\-n NqSm-nb s\bn-s-fn-sImv F{Xbpw thK-n kvt\l-hkvXn sN-Ww.AYhm Ahv DNn-X-amb ka-bv ^e-{]-Z-amb ]n-Ym-hkvXn sNp-Ibpw thWw.

bhm-j-Ip-i-Im-im\mw aqew ]pjv] imevaew

\yt{Km-t[m-Zpw-_-cm-izIvY ipwKm Zz]-e-tkmanXm

Zzn{]w ken-e-ssky-X oc-{]w hn]m-N-tb

oc-tijw Ijm-bkvXp XXx Iss-]n-an--tb

Imx imeva-en-\n-cymkmx kawKm N-t\mew

hk-I-kyN _oPm\n {]bwKpw ]-tI-icw

]nm-h-kvXn-I-cbw knx ku-{Z-Lr-X-icx

{]hm-lnIm KpZ-{`wi c-{kmh Pzcm-]lx
94

sImSn-q-h-th-cv, Ipi-th-cv, Bd-dvZ`-th-cv, Ce-hn]q-hv, Ben-tbpw An-bp-tSbpw Ac-bm-en-sbpw samp-I Ch cpw ]ew hnX-sa-Spp 4-CSgn shhpw 2-C-S-gn ]mepw tNp AXn Cu ]d acp-p-I Ijmbw sh-Ww.]mens Af-thmfw hd-dn-bm-se-Sp--cnp AXn Ce-hn]-i, ]Sp--th-cv, a-\w, \oe-m-a-c, IS-I-m-e-b-cn, Rmgq-hv, Xma-c-bn Ch Acp Iev-ambn tNp kvt\l-]mI hn[n-{]-Imcw Imn Acn-s-Sp--Ww.^e-kn-n-bp Cu ]nm-hkvXn tX\pw s\pw ]-km-cbpw tNp {]tbm-Kn-m ap, KpZ-{`w-iw, c-{km-hw, Pzcw Fn-hsb ian-n-pw.

{]]u-WvU-coIw a[pIw t]jymh-kvXu-b-tY-cn-Xm

]njvSzm-\p-hm-k\w kvt\lw oc-Zzn-Kp-WnXw ]tN
95

]pWvU-cn-I--cnpw Cc-n-a-[p-chpw ]nm-h-kvXn-bn Iev-am-bn-]-d imeva-eo-\nmkvZn acp-p-Ifpw Acp Ievw-tNp s\ns cn-c-n-]mepw tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\v kvt\l-h-kvXn-bmbn {]tbm-Kn--Ww.(^ew ]nm-h-kvXnv ]d--Xp-t]mse Xs-bm-bn-cn-pw.)

{lot_c apew tem{w kaw-Km-Nhy N\w

]mtTm kmXn-hnjm hnezw [mXIn tZh-Zm-cpN

Zmo-Xz-Iv\m-Kcw amwko-apkvXw mtcm-b-hm-{KPx

Nn{X-I-ti-tNXn t]jymWn NmtMcn kzc-tk-L-E-Xw.

GIyw km[-tb kw Xknx ]c-au-j[w

Atim ƒ Xnkm-c-{K-lWo ]mWvUp-tcmtK Pztc ƒ cpNu

aq{X-Irt{ KpZ-{`wti hkvXym-[vamt\ {]hm-ltW

]nm-{kmth ƒ ikmw iqte tbmPy-taX {XntZm-j-\p.
96

Ccp-th-cn, \oe-m-a-c, ]mtm-d-dn-tm-ev, ]Sp--th-cv, N-\w, ImSp-S-ap-f-Inth-cv, ]mS-n-g-v, AXn-hn-S-bw, Iqh-fw-th-cv, XmXn-cn-q-hv, tZh-Xm-cw, ac-a--tm-ev, Npv, PSm-am-n, ap-, Nhm-cw, sImSp-th-cn-n-gv Ch Iev-amn ]pfn-bm-c-ens kzc-k-n s\v ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. B s\v Ai-vk, AXn-km-cw, {Kl-Wn, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, Pzcw, Acp-Nn, aq{X-Ir-{w, KpZ-{`w-iw, hkvXn.h, ap, ]n-{km-hw, Ai-vsIm-p-m-Ip thZ-\ Fn-h-I-fn ]c-au-j-[-ambn {]tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Wv.Cu s\v {XtZmj \mi-I-am-Ip-p.

Ahm-Iv]pjv]o _em-Zmo-]r-iv\n-]o {XnI-Ix

\yt{Km-t[m-Zpw-_-cm-iz--iqw-Km Zzn]-tem anXmx

Ijmb Gjmw t]jymkvXp Poho ISp-tcm-lnWn

]neo ]n-eo-aqew acnNw tZh-Zm-cpN

Ienwimx imevaew ]pjv]w [ocm-N--\-a-RvP\w

ISv^ew Nn{X-tIm-apkvXw {]bw-Kz-Xn-hn-tj-ncm

]tm-em\mw InRvP kaw-Km-k-\n-KvnIm

hnezw tamN-ckx ]mTm-`mKmx Ij-kamx ]rYIv

NXpx {] irX-{]w Ijm-b-a-h-Xm-c-tb

{Xnwi ]em-\n-Xp-{]tm hnP-tRtbm Zzn]-em-[nIx

kp\n-j-I NmtKtcymx {]u Zzukz-c-k-kyN

ksstc ssXcy-tYm-n-jvssS LrX-{]w hn]m-N-tb

GX-Zi-ky-Xo-kmtc {XntZmtj cp[n-c-{kpXu

{]hm-ltW KpZ-{`wti ]nm-kp-hn-hn-[m-kpN

Dm-t\-NmXn _lpix tim^ `qte KpZm-{itbm

aq{X-{Ktl aqV-hm-tX-at ƒ mh-cp-Nm-h]n

{]tbmPyw hn[nhkn _e-hmn h\w

hnhn-t[-jz--]m-t\jp tIhew hm \nc-Xy-bw.

kp\n-j-I NmtK-co-Lr-Xw.
97

NXp-Ip-, Ipdp-tm-n-th-cv, ac-a--tm-ev, aqhn-e-th-cv, sRcn-n, Bensam-v, An-sam-v, Ac-bm-entamv Ch Hmtcmpw Cu cp-]ew FSpp Ijmbw sh-Ww. Iev-nv AS-]-Xn-bIn-gv ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, Xn-en, IvpXn--en-th-cv, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, tZh-Xm-cw, IpS-I-e-b-cn, Ce-hn]q-hv, oc-Im-tImfn, N-\w, ARvP-\--v, Iap-Znth-cv, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, ap-, Rmgq-hv, AXn-h-S-bw, Hman-e-th-cv, sh-m-a-c-bp-tSbpw \oe-m-a-c-bp-tSbpw An, ]Sp--th-cv, sNdp-h-Zn-\n-th-cv, Iqh-fw-th-cv, ]qf--d, ]mS-n-g-v, Ch {]tXyIw {]tXyIw apqp Ig-n-hoXw FSp--Ww.ta]-d e-I-jmb acp-p-I {ZssZz-KpWy ]cn-`m-jm-\p-km-tcW 8-C-S-gn sh-n Ijmbw shp 2-C-S--gn-bm-bm FSp--Ww.{]w Fv ]d-m 32--]-e-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.\ncm-cepw ]pfn-bm-cepw IqSn CSnp ]ngn shw 4-C-S--gnbpw 2-C-S-gn s\pw tNp Ch-sb-mw-IqSn kvt\l-]mI hn[n-{]-Imcw ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. Cu s\v Ai-v, {XntZm-j-P-\y-amb AXn-kmcw c-{km-hw, ae-tim-[-\-n-cp-m-ep-m-Ip ap, KpZ-{`w-iw, ]e-hn-[-n-e- ]nm-{km-hw, ae-tim-[-\v IqsS-q-sS-bp t]mv, KpZ-tim-^w, KpZ-iq-e, aq{X-tcm-[w, aqV-hmXw An-avyw, AcpNn Fn-h-I-fn hn[n-{]-Imcw D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. Cu s\v _es Dm-p-Xpw h-{]-km-Z-sbpw PT-cm-nbpw hn-n-p--Xp-am-Wv.Cu s\v hnhn[ hn[-n-ep A-]m-\m-Zn-I-fn tNtm X\ntm tkhn-m-hp--XmWv bmsXmcp A]m-bhpw Dm-Ip--X-.

`h-n-Nm-{X

hyXym-km a[p-cm-avfm\mw intXm-jvWm-\m tbmPnXx

\nXy-a-n-_-em-t]n Pb-Xyix IrXm KZm.

{Xtbm-hn-Imcmx {]mtbW tb]-c-kv]-kv]c tlXhx

Aimwkn NmXn-km-c {Kl-Wo-tZmj GhN

Gjm-a-n-_te lot\ hrn hrt ]cn-bx

Xkvam-Z-n-_ew cy-tajp {Xnjp hnti-jXx
98

Ati-tcmKn An-_-e-n--\p-k-cnv a[p-c-c-khpw ]pfn-c-khpw ioX-ho-cy-ap-Xpw DjvWhocy-ap--Xp-amb {Zhy- kZm amdn amdn D]-tbm-Kn--Ww.A{]-Imcw sNbvXm Atim-tcm-K-P-\y-amb hnIm-c- ian-pw.Ai-v, AXn-km-cw, {Kl-Wo-tZmjw Cu aqp hnIm-c-fpw an-hmdpw ]c-kv]cw Hn-s\mv Imc-W-am-bn-o-cp--Xm-Ip-p.Atim ƒ Xnkmc {Kl-Wo-tcm-K-v PT-cm-n-_ew lo\-am-bm h-\hpw PT-cmn hn-m bhpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv.AXp-sImv Atim ƒ Xnkm-c-{K-l-Wo-tcm-K--fn PT-cmn _evs hnti-jnpw cn-t--Xm-Wv.

ZrjvssSx imssI-cy-hmKp `ocyp-ssj-amwk csskx JssUx

ZpKv-X{I {]tbm-ssK hnhn-ss[Kp-Z-PmP-tb

bZzm-tbm-cm\p temaymb bZ-iv\n-_e hrtb

A-]m-\u-j-[-{Zhyw Xtkhyw \nXy-aisskx

bZtXm hn]-coXm kymn-Zm-t\-b ZinXw

KpZ-Pm`n ]co-tX\ Xtkhyw \I-Zm-N-\.
99

s\n ]dp Ce--dn-sImpw In, [m\y-bq-jw, amwk-ckw JUw, ]m, tamcv Fn-h-I-fpsS {]tbm-Kw-sImpw \m\m-hn-[-n-ep Ai-p-Isf Pbn-w. bmsXmcp A-]m-\u-j[ {Zhy- hmbp-hns\ A\p-tem-a-am-p-Xpw PT-cm-n-_-es hn-n-p--Xp-amtWm AXv Atim-tcmKn kZm D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. CXn\v hn]-co-X-amb AXm-bXv hmbp {]Xn-tem-a-am-p-Xpw PT-cm-nsb ao-`-hn-n-p--Xp-amb A-]m-\u-j[ {Zhy-fpw Atim-tcm-K-\n-Zm-\-n ]d--Xmb A]-y-amb {Zhy-fpw Atim-tcmKn Hcn-epw D]-tbm-Kn--cp-Xv.

Aikmw Zznhn[w Paw ]rY-Km-b-X-\m-\nN

m\-kw-m\ enwKm\n kmym kmyXz \nbx

A`ywKmx tkzZ\w [qamx kmh-Kmlmx {]te-]\w

timWn-X-kyh tkI tbmKm Zn]\ ]mN\mx

]m\m hn[n-c-{Ky hmX-htm\p tema\x

tbmKmx kwi-a-\o-bm kowjn hnhn-[m-\nN

hb-kvX-b-kvX{X tbmKm hcm-cnjvSmx kicm

ipjvImikmw{]i-a\m {kmhnWmw e-Wm-\nN

Zznhn[w km\p-_-m\mw Xm`ym-tjvSw bZu-j[w

c-kw-{K-lWmx IzmYmx t]bm hnhn-[m-Imx

kvt\lm-lmc hn[n-mt{Ky tbmKm {]Xn-km-tcWmx

{]m-f-\m-h-Km-l {]tZlmx tkN-\m-\n-N.

AXn-hr-ky cky hn[m-Xhyw bZu-j[w

Xk-anl \nn-jvSw-Kp-Z-Pm\w NnInkn-Xw.
100

Ai-ns cp-hn-[-n-ep Pw, {]tXyIw {]tXyIw Imc-Ww, m\w, BIr-Xn, e-W-, kmym kmyXz \n-bw, A`yw-Kw, tkzZw, [qaw, Ah-Km-lw, {]te-]-\w, cm-h-tk-N-\w, Zn]-\-tbm-Kw, ]mN-\-tbm-Kw, hmbp-hn-t\bpw ae-tbpw A\p-tem-a-am-p apJy A-]m-\-hn-[n, kwi-a-\ob tbmb-, hnhn[ hn[-n-ep LrX-tbm-K-, hkvXn-hn-[n-I, X{I-tbm-K-, t{ijvT-amb Acn-jvS-tbm-K-, ipjvImi-ns\ ian-n-p--Xmb i-cm-cn-jvS-tbm-Kw, c-{km-h-ap--Xmb Ai-ns e-W-, hmX--I-^m-\p-_{kmhn Ai-p-In-jvS-amb Huj-[-, cs kvXw`n-n-p--Xmb ]e-hn-[-n-ep Ijm-b-, t]bm-Zn-I, kvt\l-hn-[n, B{l-hn[n {]Xn-km-c-W-tbm-Kw, {]m-f-\w, Ah-Km-lw, {]tZ-lw, ]cn-tj-N\w AXn-bmbn cw t]mIp--Xn-\p Huj-[- Ch-sbmw Cu Atim-tcmK NnIn-n-Xm-ym-b-n \nt-in--s-n-cn-p-p.

CXy-n-thi IrtX-Xt{ Nc-I-{]Xn kwkvIrtX

{]m]vtX ZrV-_e {]Xn-kw-kvIrtX NnInknX

mt\ƒ i-n-InknXw \ma

NXpZ-tim-ƒ ym-bx.

tmI x 1 - 10 11 - 20 21 - 30 31 - 40 41 - 50

51 - 60 61 - 70 71 - 80 81 - 90 91 - 100