{]mW-Im-aobw ckm-b-\-]mZw

AYmXmx {]mW-Im-aobw ckm-b-\-]mZw hymJym-kym\x

CXn-l-kv\ml `K-hm-\m-t{Xbx

1

C\n {]mW-Im-aobw F ckm-b\ ]mZs Bt{X-b-`-K-hm D]-tZ-in--Xp-{]-Imcw An-thi aljn hymJym-\n-p-p-v.

{]mW-Imamx ip{ip-j-[z-an-Z-ap-Ny-am\w Aar-X-an-hm-]c

aZn-Xn-kp-Z-ln-X-I-c-a-Nn-ym-Zv`qX {]`m-h-am-bq-jyam

tcmKyIcw hbkx m]\w \n{Zm X{m {ia-am

eky Zu_-eym-]-lc a\n-e-I-^-]n kmay-Icw kv

ssYcy-I-c-_-amw kl-c-a--cn kp-Ww

{]`m-h kztcm--a-Icw ckm-b\ hn[m\w At\\

Nyh-\m-Ztbm aljbx ]p\x bph-Xz-am]px \mcoWm

tjvS-X-am-_-`phpx ]p\x bph-Xz-am]px \mcoWm

tjvS-X-am-_-`phpx nc-kc kphn-`--amwkmx

kpkw-l-X-ncw ico-cmxk {]k--_e ht{n

bmx k-{Xm-{]-Xn-lX ]cm-{Iamx k]v-ti kl

2

Atbm {]mWIm-an-Isf Cu ]d-bp ckm-b-\-hn[n tIp-sImI. CXv tZh-mv lnX-I-c-amb Aar-sX--t]m-se-bp asmcp AarXv {]tbm-K-am-Wv. CXns KpWw ANn-yhpw {]`mhw Ap-X-hp-am-Wv. Bbp-ns\ hn-n-p-Xpw Btcm-Ky-I-chpw bph-Xzs \ne-\np--Xp-am-Wv. AIme \n{Z, aSn, oWw, Xf Be-kyw, Zp_-e-X Fn-hsb \in-n-p--Xm-Wv. hmX-]n--I-^-sf ka-\n-e-bn \npXm-Wv. ico-c-n-c-Xbpw inYn-eo-{`q-X-amb amwk-t]-in-Isf kp_--am-p--Xp-am-W-A. Pmcm-nsb hn-n-p--Xp-am-Ip-p. ico-c-n\v {]`, hw, kzcw Fn-hsb D-am-a-b-\n-e-bn Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. Cu ckm-b-\-tk-h-sImv Nyh-\m-Zn-a-ljn-am hopw bphm--m-cm-bn-o-cp-Ibpw kv{XoIv {]nb-ap--h-cm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p. Ah-cpsS amwk-t]-in-I Fhn-sS-sbmw GtX-Xp-cq-]-n thWtam Ahn-sS-sbmw c-k-a--Zr-V-am-bn-cp-p. Ah-cpsS ico-c- th-Xp-t]m-se-bp nc-Xz-apXmbn-on-cp-p. _e--ht-{o-b- {]k--am-bn-cp-p. Bpw FXnp-hm Ign-bm hn[n-ep ]cm-{I-a-im-en-Ifpw Fpw ek-ln-p-hm-\p kl-\-i-n-bp-ap--h-cp-am-bn-o-cp-p.

kt-i-co-c-tZmjm `hn {Kmaym-lm-cm-Zavf eh-W-I-

Sp-I-m-c-ipjvI imI-am-j-Xn-e-]-e-e-]n-jvSm--t`m-

Pn\mw hncq-V-\-h-ip-I-i-ao-[m\y  hncp-m-kmay-cp

-m-`n-jyn t`mPn\mw n-Kp-cp-]qXn ]cyq-jn

X t`mPn\mw hnj-am-i-\m-y-i\ {]nbmWmw Znhm-kz

-]v\-kv{X-a-Zy-\n-Xym\mw hnj-am-Xn-am{Xm hymbm-akw

tm`nX ico-cmWmw `b-t{Im-[-tem-`-tam-l-tim-Im-bm

k _lp-em-\mw. AtXm-\n-an-mn inYneo `hn

amwkm\n hnap-Nyt ktbm hn`-ly-tX-cw hn

jy--tX-Nm-\]w-tam-tZm-\-k-obtX An-jp-a-m-

ip{Iw \ {]htX b-ap-ss]-tXym-Px. Ghw `q-

tXm-Kvfm-b-Xn-ko-ZXn \n{Zm-{m-Xekyk-a-\zntXm A\m

-cXw Bip-ssNh izkn-Xy-k-a tjvSm\mw im

co-c-am-\-km\mw \jvSkvarXn_p--tbm tcm

KmWm a[n-jvTm-\-`qtXm \ k-am-bp-cm-]vt\mXn. X

kvam GXm tZmjm-\-th--amWx km btYm-

m-ln-Xm-\-]mky Blm-c-hn-lm-cm ckm-b-\m\n {]

tbm-p-al-Xn. CXyp-zm-`-K-hm ]p\-kpcm

t{Xb Dhm-N.

3

{]mIr-X-amb Blmcw sImv k-hn-[-n-ep ico-c-tZm-j-fpw Dm-Ip-p. ]pfn, Dv, Fcphv mcw DW-nb Ce-dn, Dgp-v, Fv, amwkw, Acn Ac-p-m-n-bXv Fnh {]mIr-X-ambn Ign-p--hpw apf--[m\yw. ]bdv apX-embn Hcp Imb-bn At\Iw hnp-m-Ip [m\yw Fn-h-bpsS Blmchpw hncp-m-lmcw, kmy-a-m Blmcw, cqm-lmcw Dp-gp-p-m-p Blmcw Fnh Ign-p--hpw \pe-hp-Xpw Kpcp-Xz-ap-Xpw \mdn-bXpw ]g-In-b-Xp-amb Blmcw Ign-p--hpw Blmc ka-b-a-m ka-bv A[n-I-ambn Blmcw Ign-p-I, Ign Blmcw Zln-msX hopw Ign-pI Fo `-W-{]n-b-mpw ]I-ep-d-p-I, kv{Xotkh sNpI, aZy-]m\w sNpI Fnh bmsXmcp {Iahpw CmsX kZm-k-a-bhpw ioen-p--hpw IqSp-X-embn hym-bmaw sNbvXp ico-c-tm-`-ap-m-b-hpw `b, t{Im[, tem`w, tamlw, ZpJx, ico-cm-bmkw Fnh IqSp-X-em-bnphpw ico-c-tZm-j- Dm-Ip-p. Cu hn[-n-ep Blm-c--hn-lm-cm-Zn-I \nanw ico-c-n-ep amwk inYn-e-am-hp-Ibpw kn-Iv m\-XymKw t\cn-Sp-Ibpw c-nv hnZm-l-ap-m-hp-Ibpw taZv [mcm-f-ambn ]pd-tv t]mhp-Ibpw An-I-fn a tNp-\n-evm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw ip-{]-h-\-an-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw HmPv bn-p-Ibpw sNp-p. Cn-s\-sb-m-ap Imc-W-sImv ico-c-nv in--bhpw oWhpw Dm-Ip-p. \n{Z, Bekyw Fnh Ftmgpw Dm-bn-cn-pw. s]sv Hcp Imcyhpw sNbvXp-Xop-hm Ign-bm--hn-[-n-ep Dm-l-p-d-hp-m-Ipw. imco-cn-I-ambpw am\-kn-I-ambpw Hpw sNm Ign-bm-Xn-cnpw. [mcWm inbpw _pnbpw ico-c-Im-nbpw \in-pw. tcmKw hnp-am-dp-I-bn-. AIm-e-arXyp kw`-hn-p-Ibpw sNpwb AXp-sImv Ccw tZmj-h-i-sf a\-n-emn A-s\-bp Fm hn[ Blm-c-hn-lm-cm-Zn-Ifpw ]cn-Xy-Pn-nv ckm-b\w {]tbm-Kn--Ww. Ccw Zqjy--fmb Blm-c-hn-lm-cm-Zn-I XyPn-p--hp-am-{Xsa ckm-b-\-{]-tbm-K-n-\l-X-bpp C{]-Imcw ]d-nv `K-hm ]p\kp Bt{X-b hopw ckm-b\ hn[n ]d-p.

Ba-e-Im\mw kp`p-an-Pm\mw Ime-Pm-\m-a-\p-]-lX K-

h ckm\mw B]q ck-{]-amW hocymWmw kzc

-tk\ ]p\-hm-II ]mZ kw{]-bp-t\ knjmx

km[m-tb BV-Iw. AXx-]cw hnZmco kzc-tk\

Poh-n-Ikw {]bp-t-\. AXx-]cw NXpp-tW

\ ]bkm _em-Xn-_em Ijm-tbW iXm-hco Ikw

bpt-\. At\\ {Ita-ssW-ssIIw iX-]mIw kl-{k-

]mIw hm i-cm-u{Z NXp`m-K-kw-{]-bpw

kuht cmPtX amntI hm iqNu ZrtV-Lr-X`m

hntX-Ip-t`-m-]-tb. XZv btYm-t\ hn[n-\m-b

-Ym-n-{]mXx {]mXx {]tbm-P-tb. PotN oc

kn`ymw imeo-j-jvSn-I-a-iv\o-bm. Aky-{Xn-hj

{]tbm-Km hiXw hmtbm ƒPcw XnjvTXn {ipX-a-h-

Xn-jvTtX km-abmx {]imy {]Xn-lX KXn

kv{Xojz-]-Xy-hm `h-Xn.

4

\ `qan-bn (ln-am-e-b-n) Dm-tI-p Ime-p-m-bXpw bmsXmcp hn[ tISn-m-Xpw Kh ckKpWhocy- \nd-Xpw AXm-bXv icn-bmb aqs-n-b-Xp-amb s\n--bpsS kzc-k-n sXgp-Xm-a-thcv Acpw Ievw tNcpw AXn \men-S-gn s\v Imn-sb-Sp--Ww. {Zh-ssZz-Kp-Wy-]-cn-`mj {]Imcw s\v Fn-S-gn FSp-Ww. s\ns \men-cn kzc-khpw s\ns \men-semv Ievhpw tN-Ww. C{]-Imcw s\n-m-kz-c-k-n sXgp-Xma Ievw tNp \qdp-{]m-h-iyw ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. ]noSv CtX-hn-[n-{]-Imcw Cu s\v Xs ]map-Xp-In Ingv CSnp ]ngn sh-n AS-]-Xn-b Ingv Ievw tNv \qdp-{]m-hiyw ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. ]noSv CtX-hn-[n-{]-Imcw Cu s\v Xs s\ns \men-cn ]mepw Ipdp-tm-n-thcpw B\-p-dp-tm-n-thcpw Ijmbw shp AXpw iXm-h-cnngpw Ievhpw tNv \qdv {]mhiyw ]mIw sN-Ww. Cu {Ia-n-ep hn[n-{]-Imcw Bbncw {]mhiyw ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p-Itbm sNmw. Cu s\n AXns \men-semv ]-km-cbpw tX\pw tNv tbmPn-np hrn-bpXpw Dd-p-Xpw s\v ab-n-b-Xp-amb kz ]m{X-ntem shnm{X-ntem a]m-{X-ntem Bn kqn-p-sh--Ww. B s\v hn[n-{]-Imcw IpSo-{]-th-i\w sNbvXp An-_-e-n--\p-k-cnp cmhnse cmhnse tkhn--Ww. Huj[w Zln-m ]mepw s\pw tNp sNs--cn-tmtdm \h-c-b-cn-tmtdm D-Ww. C{]-Imcw aqp-sImw XpS-bmbn tkhn-m \qdv hjw hmy-Iym-h--Iq-SmsX Pohn-pw. F{X kv{XoIsf thW-sa-nepw {]m]n-mw. bmsXmcp hnjhpw Dm-Ip--X-. [mcmfw km-\--fp-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw. (Cu s\v s\nm kzc-k-nepw hnZm-co-kz-c-k-nepw _em-I-jm-b-nepw {]tXyIw {]tXy-I-ambn Hcp {]mhiyw \qdp-{]m-hiyhpw ]mIw sNbvsX-Spp aqnepw IqSn Hcp {]mhiyw ]mIw sNbvsX-Sppw D]-tbm-Kn-mw. CtX-{I-a-n Bbncw {]hiyw ]mIw sNbvsX-Sppw D]-tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Wv.)

`h-n-Nm-{X

_rl--cocw Kncn-km-c-kmcw

ntc-{n-b-mXn _mte-{n-b

ALr-jy-ass\y cXn-Im--cq]w

{]ivX-]pPm kpJ-Nn--Xm`mIv

_ew al-Zz hnip-n-cKv{bm

kztcm-L-\uL-kvX-\n-Xm-\p-Imco

thXy-]Xyw hn]p-ew-n c

ka-iv\tXm bmK-anaw \cky

                             CXym-a-e-I-LrXw

5

Cu Huj[w tkhn-p ]pcp-js icocw t{ijvT-ambpw ckm-Zn-[m-Xp- temlm-Zn-[m-Xp--tf-tmse ZrV-am-bp-an-cn-pw, am{X-a Np-t{im-{XmZn C{o-b-v nc-Xbpw AXn-bmb _e-hp-ap-m-Ipw. Bpw Ahs\ AXn-{I-a-p-hm Ign-bp--X-. AXyw kp-c-amb cq]-am-bn-cn-pw. hfsc kpJ-hm-\m-bn-cn-pw. \ a\-m-bn-cnpw. \ _e-hm-\m-bn-cnpw icocw \ h-am-bn-cnpw. kzcw taL-K-\-k-am-\-am-bn-cn-pw. nc-am-bn-p km-\- [mcm-f-am-bp-m-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw.

Ba-e-I-k-l{kw ]n-eo-k-l{k kw{]-bpw ]emi

Xcp-`-kva\x mtcm-Z-tIm-cw XnjvTm XZ-\p-KX

mtcm-Z-I-a-\m-X-]-ip--a-\n Nqo-IrXw N

XpKp-Wm`ymw a[p-kn`ymw kw\o-b-icm Np

 NXp`mK kw{]-bpw LrX-`m-P-\-w-jam

km m]-tb-Z-`qtax  Xky D-c-Im-e-a-n-_e

kamw am{Xmw JmtZ ]um-nIx {]mtbmKx km

y]-y-m-lmcm hn[n\m-]-cm-nIx Aky

{]tbm-KmZv hj-i-X-a-Pcw hb-kvXn-jvTn-Xn, kaw kaw

]qtW.

                                     CXym-a-e-Im-h-telx

6

apv ]d--Xp-t]m-ep s\n Bbn-chpw Bbncw Xn-enbpw IqSn mins tXmev Nps-Spp AXns Bdn-cn sh-n Ien AXn Cp-shWw. mc-Pew Xn-enbpw s\n-bpw icnv ap---hn-[-n thWw. B mc-Pew XnIpw s\n--bnepw Xn-en-bnepw ebn-p-I-gn-m FSpp s\n Ipcp-I-fp Xn-enbpw IqSn \ng-en shp-Wn s]mSnp AXns \men-cn tX\pw \men-cn s\pw tNp Nq-ns \men-semv ]-kmcbpw tNv \-hw tbmPn-np Hcp s\v ab-nb ]m{X-n-emn ine-asNbvXp Bdv amkw hsc `qan-bn Ipgn-n-S-Ww. Bdv amkw Ign-m GSpp An-_-e-n--\p-k-cnp am{X-\n--bnp cmhnse cmhnse tkhn--Ww. Huj-[-npw ico-c-npw lnX-amb Blmcw Huj[w Zlnp Fv tXmnbm D-sbtm sshIp-t-c-satm t\mmsX IgnWw. hnip tXmn-bm Blmcw Ign--W-sa-w Cu Huj[ {]tbmKw sImv hmy-Iym-h--Iq-SmsX \qdv hjw Pohn-n-cn-pw. am{X-a apv ckm-b\ tkhsImp-m-Ip-sav ]d-n-p Fm KpW-fpw Inp-Ibpw sNpw.

Ba-e-I-Nqm-VX taI-hnw-i-Xn-cm-{X-am-a-eI kl{k

kzc-k-]-cn-]oXw a[p-Lr-Xm-V-Im`ymw Zzm`ymw GIoIr

Xa-jvS-`mK ]n-eoIw i-cm-Nq-N-Xp`mK kwbp

wLrX `mPv\w {]mhrjn `kva-cmiu \nZ

ym XZzjmkm-y-]-ymcn {]tbm-Pm-tb

Aky-{]-tbm-KmZv hj-i-X-a-Pc ambp-kvXn-jvTXo k

am\w ]qtW

                                     CXn Ba-e-I-Nqw

7

s\n DW-nsmSn s]mSn \men-S-gn FSpp AXv Bbncw s\n CSn-p-]n-gn sh-n 21 Znhkw `mh-\-sN-bvsX-Spp (21 Znhkw sImv 1000 s\n--bpsS kzckw AXn ebn-n--Ww.) AXn \men-S-gn tX\pw \men-S-gn s\pw tNv s\n-m-Nq-ns Fn-semv AXm-bXv cv \mgn (64 tXme) Xn-en-sm-Snbpw \mep-\mgn (128 tXme) i-cm-Nqhpw tNv tbmPn-np s\v ab-nb ]m{X-n-emn {]mhrv EXp-hn NmWIw Nps-Sp `kva-n Ipgn-n-S-Ww. AXv hj-Imew Ign-m-se-Spp tkhn--Ww. CXv tkhn-p-tm IpSo{]thi\w sNp-Ibpw kmyhpw ]y-hp-amb Blmcw ioen-p-Ibpw thWw. CXns {]tbmKwsImv 100 sImw hm-Iym-h IqSmsX Pohn-p-Ibpw CXn\p apts ckm-b\ tkh-bn ]d Fm KpW-fpw Inp-Ibpw sNpw. ({Z-h-ssZz-Kp-Wy-Xzm tX\pw s\pw Ccn FSp--Ww.)

hnUw-K-X-WvUpe Nqm-\m-am-VIw ]nneo XWvUp

em\m-a-yym-VIw kntXm-]-em-bmx-knkvssX

ea-[zm-VssIx jUv`ntcIoIrXw LrX`mP\w

{]mhrjn `kva-cm-im-hnXn kw-k-am\w ]qt-W

-bm-h-`minx

8

hngmecn--cnv s]mSn--s]mSn \men-S-gn, Xn-en-smSn \men-S--gn, Iev-n-smSn (]--km-c) Bdv CS-gn, s\v Fn-S-gn ({Z-h-Zzn-Kp-W-\n-b-a-{]-Imcw s\pw Fbpw tX\pw Ccn FSp--Ww.) Ch-sbmw IqSn Hnp tNp tbmPn-np s\v ab-nb ]m{X-nemn {]mhrv EXp-hnhv NmW-I-`-kva-n Ipgn-n-S-Ww. hjw Ign-m-se-Spp tkhn--Ww. tkhn-t-p {Iahpw tkhn-m-ep ^ehpw apv ]d--Xp-t]m-se-X-s-bm-Ip-p.

btYm--Kp-Wm\m ama-e-Im\mw kl-{k-am{Z-]-emi

t{ZmWymw k]n-[m-\-\mbmw _mjv]w A\p-Zz-a-ym-am-cWy

tKma-bmn `ncp-]-tkz-Z-tb. Xm\n-kp-kzn-n-ioXm

\yprX Ipe-Im-\ym-t]m-y-V-tI\ ]n-eo-Nq

m \mam-V-tI-\N hnUw-K-X-WvUp-e-Nom \may

t\ NmV-tI\ i-cmbm Zzm`ymw Zzm`ym-am-VIm

`ymw ssXekya[p\x kn-j--kw-tbmPy iqNu

ZrtV-Lr-X-`m-hn-tX-Ipwt` mtbm-tZ-I-hnw-j-Xn-cm{Xw

AX Duzw {]tbmKx Aky-{]-tbm-KmZv hj-iX

aPcw hbx XnjvT-Xn. kaw ]qtW

                              CXym-a-e-Im-h-tetlm ƒ]cx

9

apv ]d--Xp-t]mse KpW-ap--Xmb s\n 1000 Fw FSpp ] mip-sIm-p-m-n-b-Xmb ]m{X-n-enp Bhn ]pd-p-t]m-Im--hn-Z-n mins IjvWw sImp-Xs \-hw ASv AXv Imp-Nm-W-I-ns Xonshv thhn--Ww. shm-se-Spp XWn-m Ipcp-I-fp \-hw CSnp AXn \menS-gn Xn-en-sm-Snbpw \men-S-gn hngm-e-cn--cn-ns s]mSnbpw Bdn-S-gn ]-kmcsmSnbpw Gn-S-gn Fs-bpw Fn-S-gn tX\pw Fn-S-gn s\pw ({Z-hy-Kp-W-Xzm Fbpw tX\pw s\pw Ccn FSp--Ww). tNp \-hw tbmPn-np hrn-bp-Xpw Dd-p-Xpw s\v ab-n-b-Xp-amb ]m{X-n-emn Ipgn-np 21 Znhkw Ign-m-se-Spp {]tbm-Kn--Ww. CXns {]tbm-Kw-sImpw 100 sImw hm-Iym-h--Iq-SmsX Pohn-mw. D]-tbm-K-{I-W-fpw tkhn-m-ep addv KpW--fpw apv ]d-Xp t]mse Xs.

[\z\n Ipim-kvXotm kv\nKv-a-[pc IrjvW

arntI kph h-ar-ntI hm hy]-K-X-hnj izm

]Z-]-h-\-k-en-emn tZmj-IjW hao-I-iva-im\

ssNtXym-jc ck-hntX tZti bYp kpJ-]-h\

ken-em-Zn-Xy-tk-hntX PmXm-\y-\p-]-l-Xm-\y\ymcq

Vm\y _mem\y Pom-\n Ahn-KX hocymWn io

]qcmW ]m-\y-kw-PmX ^em\n X]-kn-X]tky hm

amkn-fpNnx {]bXx IrX-tZ-hm\x kzkvXn-hm-Nbn

Xzm ZznPm-Xo- _te aplqt \mK-_-em-ap-em\yp

tc. tXjmw kp{]-m-fn-Xm\mw XzIv]nWvU

am{X am{X-a am{Xw hmivf--W-]njvSw Btem

Uy]-bkm {]mXx {]mXx {]tbm-P-tb-qo-Ir-Xm\n

tb. PotN imen-jjvSnIw Aiv\o-bm kwh

kc {]tbm-Km-Zky hj-i-X-a-Pcw hb-kvXn-jvTXn

k-k-am\w ]ptW.

                                 CXn \mK-_-em-c-km-b\w.

10

PmwK-e-tZ-i-p-m-bXpw Ipi-]-Sp-]n-Sn e-p-m-bXpw av kv\nKvbpw a[p-chpw Idp-p-\n-dhpw DtXm kz-\n-d-aptXm Bb e-p-m-bXpw hnjw Gm-Xpw Pp- Nhn-n-t-m-Xpw hmbptZmjw, Pe-ns tZmjw, An-tZmjw Ch-sbm-p-an-m-Xpw Irjn. ]pddv, ivaim\w, tZhm-e-bw, mc-ckw Fn-h-I-sfm-p-an-m e-p-m-bXpw EXp--\p-k-cn kpJ-ap-Xpw Imd-dv, shw, shbn Fnh \m-bn-p e-p-m-bXpw tISp-Iq-SmsX Dm-bXpw addv hn-I ]Sp ]nSn-m-Xpw aqp-Xpw Pon-p-t]m-Im-Xpw DWn hocyw Ipd-bm-Xpw apc-Sn addv hr-fpw Ce-Ifpw Imb-Ifpw hoW-Sn-n-n-m--Xp-amb B\-p-dp-tm-n-thcv amL-am-k-ntem ^mKp-\-am-k-ntem sshZy ipNn-bmbn kwb-an-bmbn CjvS-tZ-h-Xm-{]m\ sNbvXp {_m-Wcnen \nv A\p-{K-lm-in-p-I kzoI-cnp ip`-ambn aplq-n ]dn-sSp-Ww. Ans\ FSp B\-p-dp-tm-n-thcv \-hw Igp-In hrn-bmn thcn-t tXmse-Spp \-hw Acp Hcp am-bpsS hen-ntem Hcp Xm\n--bpsS hen--ntem Dcp-n-sb-Spp ]ip-hn ]men Ien cmhnse cmhnse tkhn--Ww. CXv \-hw DW-n-sm-Snp ]men Ien tkhn-p-Itbm s]mSn tX\pw s\pw tNp tkhn-p-Itbm sNmw. Huj[w Zln-m sNs--cn-tmtdm \h-c-b-cn-tmtdm Ds-Ww. Cns\ Hcp sImw tkhn-m Pcm-\-c-I-sfmpw IpSmsX \qdv sImw Pohn-pw. am{X-a addv ckm-b\ tkh-bn ]d-n-p Fm KpW-fpw Inp-Ibpw sNpw. Blmc-hn-lm-cm-Zn-I addv ckm-b\ tkh-bn ]d--Xp-t]m-se-Xs sNp-Ibpw thWw.

_em-Xn-_em N-\m-Kycp  [h-Xn-\n-i-J-Zn-c--inw-i-]mk

\ kzckx ]p\-hm-m-u-jtbm Zitb hbkv

Ym]\m hymJymXmx tXjmw kzckm \mK-_-em-h

kzckm \ma-em-t`-Xzbw kzc-k-hn-[n-pm\mw B

VIw BV-I-ap-Z-I-kym-tlm-cm{Xw nXw arZn-]qXw

k ckm-h {]tbm-Pyw.

11

Ipdptmnth-cv, B\-p-dp-tmn thcv, N-\w, AIn, Ra, sXmSp-Im-c, Icn-m-en, Ccp, th Ch-bpsS kzc-khpw kq{X-m-\-n jUzn-tc-N-\o-bm-ym-b-n ]d ]p\-hm--amb 10hbxm]-\u-j-[-fpw AXm-bXv Aar-Xm-`-bm-[m-{Xo-ap-m-tizXm Poh-y-Xn-c-km-ap-q-I-]o-ncm ]p\ hm CXn Zti-am\nhbx m]-\m\n `\n Ch-bpsS kzc-khpw ta]-d \mK-_-em-Nq-tk-h-bpsS hn[n-{]-Imcw tkhn-p-Ibpw Blm-c hnlm-cm-Zn-I ioen-p-Ibpw sNbvXm ckm-b-\-tk-h-sIm-p-t-in-p Fm KpWfpw Inp--Xm-Wv. Cu 19--Xcw Huj-[--fpsS kzckw FSp-p-hm-\mWv ]d-n-p--sX-nepw N-\w, AIn apX-em-b-h-b-h-I-fpsS kzckw FSp-p-hm {]bm-k-am-Wv. Ch-bpsS thcv apdnv da-c-n \nv ]mse-Sp-p--Xp-t]m-se-sb-Spp kzc-k-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-mw. An-s\-sbmpw kzckw Inm-sX-h-m Cu ]d-bp kzc-k-hn[n kzoI-cn--Ww. kzckw FSp-t--Xmb acp DW-n-sm-Sn s]mSn AXm-b-Xv, N-\w, AIn, Icn-men apX-em-b-h-bpsS Im s]mSn--s]mSn Hcn-S-gn FSpp {Zh-Zzo-Kp-W-Xz-\n-b-a-{]-Imcw cn-S-gn sh-n Cpshp 24--a-Wn-q Ign-m FSpp sRn-n-gn--cnp B shw kzc-k-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-mw. Cu kzc-k-hn[n CXp-t]mse ]d-n-p ad-dp-Zn-p-I-fnepw D]-tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Wv.

`m-X-Im-\y-\p] lXm-\y-\m-a-bm\ym ]q--c-k--{]am

W hocymWn ]Iz-Pmw-_h {]Im-im\n ipeu ipt{I

hm amtk-kw-K-ly bh-]tez ami-]tez hm \n[m-]tb

. Xm\n NXpam-tkn Xm\n klkn kltky

hm amtk- btYm-p-am-c-t`X ioX-kv\nKv a[ptcm

]kvIr-X-i-cocx ]qw-Z-i-`-m-X-Im\n Bt]m-YymjvS

KptW-\mw-`im km[p km[-tb. tXjmw ck-ajvS

`mLm-h-tijw ]qXw k]-bkvIw ]nt_ kn-jm

apJ-a-`y-Py-Xm-t\y-ssI-I-`-m-X-tIm Ijm-]-ItjW

Zi-`-m-X-Im-\ym-{Xnw-i {]tbm-Pym-\n. XXx-]-c-apI

jx {]tbm-K-hn-[m-t\-\m-k-l-{k-]tcm `m-XI {]tbm

Kx. PotN knjm ]bkm imen-j-jvSn-Im-i-\ap

]Nm-cx. {]tbm-Kmt N ZznkvXm-h ]b-ssk-thm]

Nmcx. X {]tbm-KmZv hj-i-X-a-Pcw hb-kvXnjvT

XoXn. kam\w ]qt-W.

                                     CXn `m-X-I-o-cw.

12

bmsXm-cp-hn[ tISn-m-Xpw icnv aqp-]-gp-p-]q-amb ck-ho-cym-Zn-I-fp-Xpw ]gp Rmd]-gw-t]m-se-bp--Xp-amb tNcp tPyjvT-am-k-ntem Bjm-V-am-k-ntem ({Ko-jva-E-Xp-hn) FSpp bh-[m-\y-ntem Dgp-ntem Ipgn-n-S-Ww. AXn ]ns \mep-amkw Ignmse-Spp am-ioj--]uj-amkntem (tl-a EXp-hn-hv) tkhn-p-hm XpS--Ww. CXv tkhn-pXn\p apmbn ioX-ho-cy-ap-Xpw kv\nKv-X-bp-Xpw a[p-c-ap--Xp-amb Blmcw Ignp ico-c-c sN-Ww. BZy-ambn 10--tNcp FSpp Xqn--W-m-n--Xp AXns Fn-cn sh-n Ijm-bw-hp Fn-sem-m-n-sb-Spp XpWn-sIn Acnp Nn-\on Ijm-b-n{X ]ip-hn]m tNp tkhn--Ww. tkhn-p--Xn\p apmbn hmb-bn s\v ]pc--Ww. C{]-Imcw cm-as Znhkw 11--aq-m-as Znh-khpw 12--Fo {Ia-n 20--Zn-hkw Fp-tm-tgpw 390--F--am-Ipw. ]noSv 7-Zn-hkw 30--hoXw tkhn--Ww. Atm AXv 210--F--am-Ipw. ]noSv 29-28-27 Fo-{I-a-n Ipd-p-sIm-p-hp 20--Zn-h-kw-sImv 390--F--am-Ipw. 47--Zn-h-khpamIpw. \mev]-smas Znhkw Hcp 10--F-w-IqSn tkhn-m 1000--Fw IW-m-Ipw. C{]-Imcw tkhn-p-hm-\mWp Cp apX-em-b-h ]d-n-p--Xv. CXv tkhn-p Imev Huj[w \-hw Zln-m ]mev, s\v, sN--cn-tmdv Fn-h-am{Xw Ign--Ww. Cns\ 48--Zn-h-kw-sImv 1000--`-m-XIw tkhnp Ign-m ]noSv AXns Ccn 96Zn-h-kw-hsc ]mepw sNs--cn-tmdpw \h-c-b-cn-tmdpw am{Xw Ignp ]ym-\p-jvTm\w kzoI-cn--Ww. Cu `m-XI tkh-sImv 100--sImw hm-Iym-h IqSmsX bphm-hmbn Pohn-pw. addv KpW--sfmw apv ]d ckm-b-\-nv Xpey-am-bn-cn-pw.

`m-X-Im\mw P-co-Ir-Xm\mw ]njvS-tkz-Z\w ]qcbn

Xzm `pam-hm-IWvTw \nJmXky kvt\l-`m-h-K-Xky Zr

Vmkym]cnIpw`kym-tcm-t]ymUpt]\m hn[mb Irjv

War-n-Im-h-en]vXw tKma-bm-n`nx kayKp] tkzZ

tb tXjmwbmx kzckx Ipw`w {]]-Zy-tX, XtXmƒ

jvS`m-K-a-[pkw {]bpw ZznKp-W-Lr-X-a-Zym X

{]tbm-Km hj-i-X-a-Pcw hb-kvXn-jvT-Xn, kwk

am\w ]qt-W.

                                   CXn `m-X-I-u-{Zw.

13

ta]-d--hn-[-n-ep KpW--tfm-ep-Iq-Snb 1000 tNp FSpp sImn-\p-dpn ASn-bn sNdn-b-Zzm-c-ap--Xmb a]m-{X-n \ndp s\v ab-nb asddmcp a]m{Xw AXns Igp-p-hsd `qan-bn Ipgn-pp AXns aosX tNcp \nd ]m{Xw shp AXns hmb tXmep-sImv aqSn-sn ine-a sNbvXp ASn-bn sh ]m{X-hp-ambn _n-p-t-Spw ine-a sNbvX `m-XIw \nd ]m{Xw Ifn-av sImv \-hw s]mXnp Npddpw NmW-I-h-cSn Iqn In--Ww. C{]-Imcw sNbvXm tN-cp-hn \nv AXns F ASn-bn m]n--Xmb ]m{X-n hogp--Xm-Wv. B F FSpp AXns Fn-semv tX\pw ssXe-ns Ccn s\pw tNp tbmPn-np tkhn--Ww. CXpw ta]-d Djm-]-Ij-\n-b-a-{]-Imcw tkhn--Ww. ssXe-ns BsI-bp Af-hp-t\mn bpn-t]mse am{X \n-bn-p-Ibpw shWw. IqSn-{]-th-i\w sNp-Ibpw `m-XI oc-n ]d hn[-n-ep ]yw BN-cn-p-Ibpw thWw. Cu `m-XI u{Z-{]-tbm-Kw-sImv 100 sImw hm-Iym-h IqSmsX bphm-hm-bn-Po-hn-pw. apv ]d ckm-b-\-ns addv KpW-fpw Inp--Xm-Wv.

`m-X-I-ssXe ]m{Xw k]-bkvIw a[p-tI\ It\m

am-t{XW iX-]mIw Ipcym. kam\w ]qt-W.

                                    (CXn `m-X-I-ssX-ew)

14

ta]-d hn[n-{]-Imcw FSp `m-X-I-ssXew 4-C-S-gn FSpp AXns \men-cn ]ip-hn ]mepw aqv Ign Ccn a[p-chpw Ievw tNp ssXe-]mI hn[n-{]-Imcw Imn Acn-s-Sp--Ww. Cns\ \qdv {]mhiyw Imn Acn-s-Sp--Ww. Cu ssXew tkhn-t-p {Ia-hpw, tkhn-m-ep ^ehpw apv ]d--Xpt]m-se-Xs.

`m-X-I-ocw `m-X-I-u{Zw `m-XI ssXe-tahw

KpU-`-m-XIw `m-X-I-bptjm `m-X-I-kn `m-XI

]eew `m-XI kvIXthm `m-I-e-hWw `m-X-I-X

Wn-anXn `m-X-I-hn-[m-\-apw

                                        CXn `m-X-I-hn[n

15

Cu ]d `m-X-I-o-c, `m-X-I-u-{Zw, `m-X-I-ssXew Fn-h-t]m-se-Xs `m-X-I-Kp-Uw, `m-X-I-bq-jw, `m-X-I-Lr-Xw, `m-X-I-]-e-ew, `m-X-I-k-p. `m-X-I-e-hWw, `m-X-I-XWw Fn-hbpw Dmn D]-tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Ip-p. D]-tbm-K-{I-a-fpw ^e-fpw ap]-d--Xp-t]mse Xs-bm-Ip-p. `m-X-I-KpUw `m-X-I-u{Zw t]mse Xs-bm-Wp-m-t--Xv. shw tNp-m-n-bm KpU-`-m-XIw Fp ]d-bpw. `m-X-I-bqjw `m-X-I-ocw t]mse-X-s-bm-Wv. AXn ]mens m\v bqjwD]-tbm-Kn--Ww. `m-X-I-LrXw `m-X-I-ssXew t]mse XsbmWv. AXn ]mens m\v bqjw D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. `m-X-I-LrXw `m-X-I-ssXew t]mse-X-s-bmWv AhnsS s\pw tNp ]mIw sNbvXm `m-X-I-LrXw Fp-]-d-bpw. `m-X-I-n F-c-Xpw Iqn-tp]tbm-Kn-p--XmWv `m-X-I-]-e-ew. `m-X-I-n bh-[m\yw hdp-p-s]m-Snp tNp-]-tbm-Kn-p--Xn\v `m-X-I-kp Fp-]-d-bpp. CXmWv `m-X-I-hn-[m-\w.

                `h-n-Nm{X

`m-X-Im\n Xo-Wm\n ]mIn-\y-n-k-am-\nN

`hyarX-I]m\n {]bp-m\n bYm-hn[n

GtX-Z-i-hn-[m-kvtXjmw {]tbmKmx ]cn-IonXmx

tcmK-{]-IrXn kmy--kvXm {]tbm-Km {]I]-tb

I^-tP\ ktcmtKm ƒkvXn\-hn-_tm ƒkvXoI-\

bw\ `m-XIw l\ym-o{Lw ta[m-n-hn\w

{]mW-Imax ]pcm Pom-y-h-\mZym aljbx

ckm-bss\x inssh-tc-ssX _`phpc-an-Xm-bqjx

m\wXt]m {_-N-cy-a-ymw [ym\-ta-hN

ZoLm-bptjm bYm-Imaw kw`r-Xy-{Xn-Zn-hw-KXmx

Xkvam-Zmx {]Ijmw {]mW-Imssax kpJmn`ox

ckm-b-\-hn[n tkthym hn[n-h kpk-am-lnssXx

16

tNdnIpcp Xo-W-Kp-W-ap-Xpw tZl-n ]gp-p-m-p-Xpw Anp ka-am-bn-p-Xpw AXm-bXv Zml kvt^mSm-Zn-I-fp-m-p--Xp-amWv. Fm hn[n-{]-Imcw tkhn-p--Xm-bm Aar-Xn\v Xpey-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. ChnsS `m-X-I-fpsS 10 hn[-n-ep {]tbm-K- ]d-b-s-n-pv. Ah {]tbm-Kn-p-tm tcmK-{]-Ir-Xnbpw kmyhpw \mbn a\-n-hm-p-hm Ignhp sshZy Ah \-hw a\-n-hmn AXn--\p-k-cn--hn-[-n-ep `m-X-I{]-tbm-Kw \n-bn-t--Xm-Wv. Cu `m-XI ckm-b\w hn[n-{]-Imcw tkhn-m bmsXmcp hn[-n-ep t{kmtXm-_--fpw Dm-Ip--X-. [mc-Wm-i-nsb hn-n-p-Xpw PT-cm-nsb hn-n-p--Xpamb `m-XIw GXp-tcm-K-s-bmWv W-n \in-n-m--Xp. ]v Poh-\n sImXn-bp hr-m-cmb Nyh-\m-Zn-a-ljn-am Ieym-W-{]-Z-amb Cu ckm-b\ {]tbm-K-sImv ZoLm-bp-jvam-m-cmbn `hn-n-cp-p. am{X-a ZoLm-bp-jvam-m-cmb Ah m\w, X]v, {_-N-cyw, {_-[ym\w Fnh btYjvSw ]men-p-Ibpw tams {]m]n-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p. AXp-sImv Poh-\n sImXn-bp--hcpw kpJhpw BtcmKyhpw thW-sa-m-{K-ln-p--hcpw Bbpv hn-n-p-hm-\mbn hn[n-{]-Imcw Dm-n-b-Xmb ckm-b\w AXns tkh-\-hn-[n-{]-Imcw tkhn--Ww.

           X{X-tm-Iw

ckm-b-\m\mw kwtbmKmx knm-`q-X-ln-ssX-jnWm

\nnjvSmx {]mW-Im-ao-tb-k-]vX-ssNhw ZijnWmw

17

a\p-jy-Po-hn-I-fpsS Bbppw Btcm-Kyhpw hnp ImW-W-sa-m-{Kl-ap Bt{Xb aljn-bm Cu {]mW-Im-ao-bm-ym-b-n \nt-in--s--Xmb 17  hn[n-ep ckm-b-\--fpsS {]tbmKw th-Xp-t]mse ioen-p--Xm-bm Ap-X-^ew Inp--Xm-Wv.

CXy-n-th-i-IrtX Xt{ Nc-I-{]-Xn-kw-kvIrtX

NnInkn-X-mt\ {]Y-am-ymtb {]mW-Im-aobw

ckm-b-\-]mtZm ZznXobx