I-c{]-Nn-Xobw ckm-b-\-]mZw

AYmXmx Ic{]NnXobw ckm-b-\-cmZw hymJym-kymax

CXn-l-kvaml `K-hm-\m-t{Xbx

1

C\n Ic-{]-Nn-Xobw F ckm-b\ ]mZs Bt{Xb `K-hm D]-tZ-in--Xp-{]-Imcw An-thi aljn hnh-cn-p-p.

Ic-{]-Nn-Xm\mw btYm--Kp-Wm-\m-am-a-e-Im\m apr

Xmm\mw ipjvI-Nqn-Xm-\m-w amtL-^mKpt\

hm amtk-{Xn-tk-]vX-IrXzx kzc-k-]-cn-]o-Xm\mw ]p\x

ipjvI-Nqn-Xm\m amV-I-taIw {Kmltb. AY-Poh

\obm\mw _rw^-Wo-bm\mw kvX\y-P-\-\m\mw ip{I-h

\-Z-\mw hbx m]-\m\mw jUzn-tc-N-\-i-Xm{in

Xotbm-m\mw Huj-[-K-Wm\mw N-\m-Kp-cp-[h JZn

ciow-i-]m-k-\-em-cm-Wm AWpix Onm-\m-w n]v

Xm\mw A`bm hn`o-XI ]neo hN-tN-hy-Nn-{X-Ihn

UwKm-\m ka-kvXm\mw BV-I-taIw Zi-Kp-tW\ Aw

`km km[-tb. Xkvan-m-V-Im-h-titj ctk ky

]qtX-Xm-\ym-a-eI Nqm-\n-ZXzm tKma-bm-n-`n hw

ihn-Zf iI-tX-Z-\m-n-`n hm km[-tb. bmh A

]\-bm-{Z-kky Xa-\p-]-ZKv[ ap]-lr-Xym-b-e-knjp ]m

{Xoj-am-kvXocy timj-tbm, kpipjvIw X Irjv

WPo-\-tkym-]co ZriZn -W-]n-jvS-abx m

eymw \n[m]tb kay-Iv. Xp-am-b-qmjvS

`mKkw {]bp--a-[p-kn`ym-an _e-a-`n--kao

y {]tbm-P-tb-`n--Xn.

2

amL-amkntem ^mKp-\-am-k-ntem ap]-d KpW--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb s\n ac-n \nv ssIsImp ]dn-s-Spp Ipcp-I-fp \ng-ensh-p-Wn s]mSnp s\n-m-kz-c-k-n Xs 21--{]m-hiyw `mh\ sNbvsXSp-Ww. AXm-bXv Hcp {]mhiyw kzc-k-n Nqw tNp AXp-W-n-bm B Nqw Xs hopw kzckw tNp-W--Ww. Ans\ 21--{]m-hiyw `mh\ sNbvsX-Spp s\n-m-Nqw \men-S-gn FSp--Ww, ]noSv jUzn-tc-N\ iXm-{in-Xo-bm-ym-b-n ]d Poh-\o-bw, _rwl-Wo-bw, kvX\y P\-\w, ip{I-h--\w, hbx-m-]\w Fo Ap-K-W--fn-ep 50--Xcw acp-p-Ifpw N-\w, AIn, Ra, Icn-m-en, Ccp, th Fn-h-I-fpsS ImX Xd-n-Snp s]mSnp AXpw ISp-, Xm\n-, Xn-en, hb-v, Imp-ap-fIv hngm-ecn Ch CSn-Xpw tNp Ch-sb-mw-IqSn \men-S-gn FSpp ]n-cn sh-n AXm-bXv 40--C-S-gn sh-n Ijmbw hbv-Ww. Ipdnn ]n-sem-m-bm-se-Spp XpW-C-sIn Acnp B Ijm-b-n apv FSp-p-h s\n-m-Nqw tNp tbmPn-np NmW-I-h-c-Sn-tbm, apf-No-n-b-tXm, Fw-]p-tm, apRvP-ptm Inp am-n-bn ]mIw sN-Ww. B Ijmbw AXn Hcp hn[w hd-dn-bm, IqSp-X hd-dn-h-d-p-t]m-Im hn[-n FSpp Ccp-ns ]m{X-n hnX-dn-bnv DW--Ww. \-hw DW-n-bm AXv IrjvW-ar-K-ns tXmen C Ccp-p-hSn sImv \-h-w Acp `kva-amn Ccp-ns ]m{X-n-emn kqn-p-sh--Ww. Cu Nqw D]-tbm-Kn-p-tm AXns Fn-sem-cp-`mKw teml-`-kvahpw tX\pw s\pw tNp An-_-e-n--\p-k-cnv am{X-\n--bnp tkhn--Ww. IpSn-{]-th-i-\m-Zn-tk-h-\-Ime \nb-a-fpw tkhn-m-ep ^e-fpw apv ckm-b-\-nv ]d--Xp-t]m-se-X-sbmsWv a\-n-em--Ww.

X{X-ivtfm-Im

GX ckm-b\w ]qw hknjvTx Iiyt]mw ƒKncmx

Pa-Z-n`-c-ZzmtPm `rKp-c-t\yN XZzn[mx

{]bp-Py-{]-bXm ap-{ia hy[n-P-cm-`tbmx

bmh-ssZw kvX]kvtX ]pkvX {]`m-hm alm-_emx

X]-km-{_--N-tcyW [ymt\\ {]i-ta-\-N.

ckm-b\ hn[m-t\-\-Im-e-bp-n \Nm-bpjm

nXm-a-libx ]qw \ln InnZv ckm-b\w

{Kmaym-Wm-a-\y-Im-cymWmw knnm {]b-Xm-\mw

CKw ckm-b\w Nt{I-{_-m-hmjkl-{knIw

Pcm-hym[n {]i-a\w _po-{n-b-_-e-{]-Zw.

                           Ba-e-Im-bkw {_-c-km-b-\w.

3

Cu ckm-b\w ]v hkn-jvT, Imiy-], AwKn-c-v, Pa-Z-n,-Z-c-Zzm-P, `rKp apX-emb aljn-amcpw CXp-t]mse addv aljn-amcpw {hX-\n-jvT-tbm-Sp-IqSn tkhn-nv oWw, tcmKw, hm-Iym-h Ch-bn \nsmw tamNnp Cu ckm-b-\-ns {]`mhw sImp-am{Xw btYjvSw X]v sNp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p. ]v Imev ckm-b-\-tk-h-sImv aljn-am X]-v, {_-N-cyw, [m\yw. a\-w-b-a\w apX-em-b-h-tbm-Sp-IqSn bmsXmcp Imk-\n--b-hp-an-msX F{Xbpw Imew Pohn-n-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-p. {Kma--fntem ]-W--fntem Xma-knp {_-N-cym-Zn-I-sfm-p-an-msX addv Imcy--sfmw {]hr-n-p-sImv bmsXmcp at\m-\n-b-{-Whpw IqSmsX ckm-b-\-tkh sNbvXm bmsXmcp ^ehpw Inp--X-. 1000--hjs Bbp-ns\ {]Zm\w sNp-Xpw hm-Iym-h--tbbpw tcmK--tfbpw ian-n-p-Xpw _pn-tbbpw C{n-b-_-e-tbpw hn-n-p--Xp-amb Cu ckm-b\w {_m-hn-\m ]d-b-s--Xm-Ip-p.

kwhkcw ]tbm-hr-n chmw aty htkkZm

kmhn{Xow a\-km-[ym-b {_-Nm-co-Pn-tX-{nbx

kwhk-cmt ]ujow-hm-amLow hm ^mKp\ow XnYow

{Xyt^m-]-hmko ipIvfky {]hn-iym-a-e-Io-\hw

_rl-Xv^-em-Vy-am-cply {Zpaw cmJm KXw-^ew

Krlo-Xzm-]m-Wn\m XnjvtT--] {_m-ar-Xm-K-am

XZm-ly-hiy aarXw hk-Xym-a-etI Ww.

icm a[p-I]m-\n kvt\lhn a-Zp-\nN

`h-y-ar-X-kw-tbm-Km Xm\n-bm-hn `-tb

PnthZv hj-k-l-{kmWn Xmh-ym-KX bu\x

kuln-Xy-ta-jmw-K-XzmXp `h-Xy-a-c-k-n`x

kzbw Nmtkym-]-XnjvTm {ioth-Zm-hm-IvN-cp-]nWn

                              CXn tIh-em-a-eI ckm-b-\w.

4

Hcp sImw ]mev am{Xw Ignp cmhp-]-I ]ip--fpsS ay-n Xma-enp kZm Kmb-{Xo-a{w a\-n P]n-p-Ibpw {_-Nm-cn-bm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw C{n-b-sf Pbn-n-cn-p-Ibpw thWw. Hcp sImw Ign-m ]uj-am-k-ntem amL-am-k-ntem ^mKp-\-am-k-ntem shfp ]-nse hmhp-Zn-h-kw, AXn\p apt aqp-Zn-hkw D]-h-kn-nv s\n-a-c-ap Imn {]th-in-nv [mcmfw henb s\n--I-fp Hcp ac-n Ibdn sImn-t-ep s\n-sb Iv sImv ]nSnp AXv Aar-Xm-bn-o-cp--Xp-hsc {_-Km-b-{Xo-a{w P]n-n-cn--Ww. Ans\ P]n-n-cn-p-tm s\n--bn DS-s\-Xs AarXv \n-b-ambpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. Aar-Xns kwtbmKw sImv s\n AXns Ijm-bm--c-k--sfmw t]mbn ]-km-c-t]m-sebpw tX\p-t]m-sebpw a[p-c-ap--Xmbpw kv\nKv-Xbpw arZp-Xz-ap--Xp-am-bn-cn-pw. (kv\nKvXbpw arZp-Xzhpw am[p-cyhpw In-s-n AXns kwtbmKw Bbn-n-sv a\-n-emn hopw Aar-X-kw-tbm-K-ap-m-Ip--Xp-hsc P]n-n-cn-p-Ibpw thWw.) Cu s\n F{X Fw Xnp-pthm A{X Bbncw sImw bphm-hm-bn-s Pohn-pw. Cu s\n Xr]vXn-bm-Ip--Xp-hsc Xnm Ah tZh\p ka-am-bn-cn-pw. Ah\v alm-e-vanbpw thZ-fpw kc-kz-Xnbpw kzmb--am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw.

{Xn^-embm ctk aqt{X Khmw Iim-tc-NX emhmtW

{ItaW tNwKp-Zomtc Inwip-I-mc GhN

XovWm-b-kky ]{XmWn hn-hm\n hm]-tb

NXp-cw-Kp-e-ZoLmWn Xotetk[ kam-\nN

mXam Xm\y-RvP-\m-_m\n kpva-Nqm\n Imc-tb.

Xm\x Nqm\n a[p-\m-c-tk-\m-a-e-I-kyN

bpm\n tel-h Ipwt`-n-Xm-\n-LrX `mhntX

kwhkcw \nt[-bm\n bh-]tez XtZ-hN

ZZym-Zm-tcm-U\w amte-e{Xm tkmU-b_p[x

kwhk-cm-Xymb Xky {]tbmKm aZp-knjm

{]mXx {]mX _em-t]-n-kvXmayw Pot-Nm-t`m-P\w

Gj Gh N temlm\mw {]mtbmKx kw{]-IonXx

At\-ss\h hn[m-t\\ tlav\ cP-Xky N

Bbpx {]Ij-Irknx {]tbmKx k-tcm-K-\p

\m`n-Lm-ssX\ NmXw-ssKP-c-bm\ N arXyp\m

kLrjyx kym KP-{]mWx kZm-NmXn _te-{nbx

[oamb-ikzo hmIvknx {ipX-[m-co-a-lm-_ex

`th kamw ]{_-bp-RvPmt\m \tcm-eu-l-c-km-b-\w.

                                 CXn eulmZn ckm-b-\w.

5

\ XovW-X-bp Ccpv Hcp Fns hen--nepw \memw Kpew \of-n-ep-am-n-sb-Spp Xobn Cp ]gp-np An-h-am-Ip-tm FSpp BZyw {Xn^-em-I-jm-b-n apn-sb-Spp AXv hopw ]gp-np Nh-mcw Ie-nb sh-n apn-sb-Sp--Ww. Atm-tgpw eml-]m-{X- A-\-h-am-bn-cn-pw. AXv \-hw s]mSnp `kva-am-n-sb-Sp--Ww. Cu `kva-n tX\pw s\nmkzc-khpw tNp tbmPn-np telyw t]mse-bmn s\v ab-nb ]m{X-n-emn Hcp-sImw bh-[m-\y-n Ipgn-n-S-Ww. Hmtcm amk-nepw Hcp hSn-sImv \-t]mse Cfn tbmPn-n--Ww. Cf-p-tm Fm-`m-Khpw Hcp t]mse Cf--Ww. As\ Hcp sImw Ign-m-ep-Ss\ tX\pw s\pw tNp cmhnse cmhnse An-e-n--\p-k-cnp tkhn--Ww. Huj-[w Zln-m kmy-amb Blmcw Ign-p-Ibpw thWw. teml---gpsS {]Ion--s-Sp {]tbm-K- CXp-X-s-bm-Wv. CtX hn[n-{]-Imcw Xs kzhpw shnbpw tkhn-pXmbm Bbpv hnpIbpw k-tcm-K-fpw \inpIbpw sNpw. Cu teml-c-km-b\w IpSn-{]-th-i\m-Zn-I hn[n-{]-Imcw sNbvX Hcp sImw tkhn-p--Xm-bm Ahs\ BK-p-I-tcm-K-, \nP-tcm-K-, hm-Iym-h---a-cWw Fn-h-sbmpw _m[n-p--X-. A-hs Poh\v B\-bpsS _e-ap-m-Ipw. Npx-t{im-{XmZn C{n-b-v Fm-bvtmgpw \-_-e-ap-m-Ipw. Ah \ _pn-am-\mbpw bi-kzn-bmbpw hmIvkn-n-bp--h-\mbpw tIp--sXpw [cn-p-shphm\p [mc-Wm-i-n-bp--h-\mbpw alm-_-e-hm-\m-bp-an-cn-pw.

ssF{o akym-otIm {_mo-hem {_-kp-hem

]n-teym-e-hWw tla-iw-J-]pjv]o hnjw-LrXw

Gjmw {Xnb-h-Im `mKm tla-knhn-ssjhn\m

Zzubhu X{X tKav\kvXp Xnew-Z-Zym hnjkyN

kn-j--]ew ZZym XssZ-Iyw {]tbmPtb.

LrX-{]-`qXw ku{Zw Po-Nmw {]i-ky-tX.

Pcm-hym[n {]i-a\w kvarXn-ta-[m-Icw ]cw

Bbpjyw ]ujvSn-Iw-_eyw kzc-h {]km-Z\w

]c-ap-kvI-c-RvssP-X kn-ssa{w ckm-b\w

ss\\w {]k-l-tX-IrXzm \me--ao\-hn-jw-\-cpIv

izn{Xw kIpjvTw PT-cmWn Kpamx

]vfolm-]p-cmtWm hnj-a-Pz-c

taQm-kvar-Xn-m\ lcm--tcmKmx

imay-y-t\-\mXn _em--hmXmx.

CssXy{ ckm-b-\w.

6

Imp-sh--cn-th-cv, ao\m--n, apn,-h-b-v, kpcy-Im-n, Xn-en, Cp-v, kzw (tem-l-c-km-b-\-n ]d--Xp-t]mse `kva-am-n-bXv), iwJp-]p-jv]-ns thcv, h-\m-`n, s\v Ch-bn kz-`-kvaw, s\v, h-\m`n Ch-sbm-gnp ad-dp--sXmw apqv bh-q-hpw kz-`kvaw cp-b-h-q-hpw h-\m`n Hcp FnXq-hpw s\v Hcp ]ehpw FSpp Fmw-IqSn Hp-p-tNp tbmPn-np tkhn--Ww. (Ip-Sn-{]-th-i\w sNbvXp cmhnse cmhn-se-bmWv tkhn-t--Xv.) Huj[w Zln-m [mcmfw s\pw, tX\pw tNp sNs--cn-tmtdm \h-c-b-cn-tmtdm D-Ww. Cu ]d ssF{-c-km-b\w Pcm-\-c-tbbpw tcmK--tfbpw \in-n-p-Xpw Hm-i-n-tbbpw _pn-i-n-tbbpw Bbp-n-t\bpw hn-np-Xpw ico-cs ]pjvSn-s-Sp-p-Xpw _es hn-n-p-Xpw kzcw ico-c-hw, Fn-hbvv sXfn-hp-m-p-Xpw HmP-kvI-c-hp-amWv CXv tkhn-p--hs\ B`n-Nm-c-tZm-jw, Ae-van, hnjw, tcmKw Fn-h-sbmpw A{I-an-p--X-. izn{Xw, IpjvTw, CZ-c-tcm-Kw, Kp, ol-tcm-Kw, ]g-Inb hnj-a-Pzcw ta[m kvarXn-m-\-sf \in-n-p--Xmb tcmK- AXm-bXv A]-kvam-cm-Zn-tcm-K-, AXn-{]-_eamb hmX-tcm-K- Fn-hsb \in-n-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.

aWvUp-I-]ymx kzckx {]tbmPyx

otc-W-b-jvSo-a-[p-Iky Nqw

ctkm-Kp-Up-NymkvXp kaq-e-]pjv]ymx

Ix {]tbm-Pyx-J-ep-iw-J-]pjv]ymx

Bbpx {]Zm-\ym-ab \vi\m\n

_em-n-h kzc-h-\m\n

taym-\n-ssN-Xm\n ckm-b-\m\n

ta[ym-hn-ti-jW N iwJ-]pjv]n

CXn ta[m-Ic ckm-b-\m\n

7

apn-fns kzc-ktam ]men Cc-n-a-[p-c-ns s]mSn-tNtXm Nnd-d-ar-Xns kzc-ktam iwJp-]p-jv]-ns thcpw ]qhpw IqSn Ac-tXm tkhn-p-I. Cu \mep ckm-b\ {]tbm-K-fpw ZoLm-bp-ns\ Xcp--hbpw tcmK-sf \in-n-p--hbpw tZl-_-ew, PT-cm-n-_ew, c-{]-kmZw, kzc-am-[pcyw Fn-hsb hn-n-p--hbpw [mc-Wm-i-nsb Dm-p--hbpw BIp-p. iwJp-]pjv]w sImp ckm-b\ ]3-tbmKw sImv hnti-jnpw [mc-Wm-i-nsb Dm-p--Xm-Wv.

]-j-Svk-]vX-Z-ihm ]n-eoa-[p-knjm

ckm-b-\-Kp-Wm-t\zjn kam-taIw {]tbm-P-tb

Xn{k-kvXn-{kkvXp ]qm-t-`p-zmt{K t`mP-\ky N

]neyx InwipI-m-c- `mhnXmLrX `nXmx

{]tbm-Pym a[p-kn`ymw ckm-b\ KpssW-jnWm

tPXpw Imkw bwizmkw timjw lnmw Kfm-a-bm

Aimwkn {Kl-Wo-tZmjw ]mWvUpXmw hnj-a-Pzcw

sshkzcyw ]o\kw tim^w Kpaw hmX-_-em-kIw

CXn ]nen ckm-b\w

8

9

ZoLm-bpv apX-emb ckm-\-Kp-W-sf B{K-ln-p--h Znh-kw-tXmdpw Atm Btdm Gtgm ]tm hoXw Xnen s]mSnp tX\pw s\pw sNp Hcp sImw apgp-h\pw tkhn--Ww. ckm-b-\-tk-h-sIm-p KpWs B{K-ln-p--h apcn-n tXmens mcPe-n 7{]mhiyw `mh-\-sN-bvsX-Sp-Xpw s\n hdp--Xp-amb app Xnen s]mSnp AXn-cm-hn-tebpw app Xnnen s]mSnp CuWnp tijhpw tX\pw s\p tNp tkhn--Ww. Cs\ IpSo-{]-th-i-\mZn ckm-b-\-hn-[n-{]-Imcw Xn-en-tk-hn-m Npa, bw, izmkw-ap-, icocw saen-, Fn-, Kf-tcm-Kw, Aiv, {Kl-Wo-tZm-jw, ]n-]m-WvUp, hnj-a-Pz-cw, H-b-S-v, ]o\kw, \ocv, Kp, hmX--I-^-tcm-K- Fnh \in-pw.

{Ia-hrym Zim-lm\n Zi-ss]--eoIw Zn\w

h-tb ]bkm kmw XssYhm ]\-tb]p\x

Pot ƒPotN `pRvPn-X-j-jvSnIw oc-knjm

]nn-eo\mw kl-{kky {]tbmtKm ƒbw ckm-b\x

]njvSm-kvXm-_-en`nx t]bmx irXm-a-y-_-sse \sscx

Nqo-Ir-Xm-{l-kz-_-ssetbmPym tZmjm-a-bm {]Xn

Zi-ss]--enIx t{ijvtT-a-yax jSv{]-IonXx

{]tbm-tKmbx {Xn]-cyx kI-\o-bmk-Nm-_ssex

_rwlWw kzcy-am-bpjyw otlm-Z-c-hn-\m-i\w

CXn h-am-\-]n-eo ckm-b\w

10

Znhkw tXmdpw ]p Xn-en-hoXw ]p-Zn-hkw {ItaW hn-np ]men Ac-p-I-en tkhn--Ww. ]noSv AtX-{]-Imcw Xs ]p Xn-en-hoXw Ipdpw tkhn-Ww. Huj[w Zln-m As-n Huj[w Zln-p--Xnp apv ]mepw s\pw tNp \h-c-b-]n-tm-dp--Ww. Cns\ Bbncw Xnen tkhn-p-Xv ckm-b-\-{]-tbm-K-am-Ip-p. Cu Xnen tkhn-p-Xv _e-ap--h ]men Ac-p-I-e-nbpw aty _e-ap--h Ijmbw shp AXn ]mtNpw _ew Ipd--h s]mSnp s]mSn-bmn ]men Ienbpw tZmj-tIm-]-npw tcmK-n-Xnpw A\p-k-cnp tkhn--Ww. ]p Xn-en-hoXw hn-np tkhn-p-Xv D-a-am-{Xbpw Bdv Xnen hoXw hn-np tkhn-p-Xv aty-a-am-{Xbpw aqp-hoXw hn-nv tkhn-pXv _ew Ipd--hp {lkz-am-{Xbpw BIp-p. Cu Xn-eo-h-am\ ckm-b\w _rwl-Whpw kzcam[p-cys Dm-p-Xpw Bbp-ns\ hn-n-p-Xpw ol-tcm-K-tbpw DZ-c-tcm-K-tbpw \in-n-p-Xpw buh-\mh-sb \ne-\np-Xpw _pnsb hn-n-p--Xp-am-Wv. Xnen h-am-\-{Iaw  Da am{X 1mw Znhkw 10, 2mw Znhkw 20 Fo {Ia-n hnnp 10 Znekw sImv 550 Xnenbpw 11mw Znhkw 90, 12  mw Znhkw 80 Fo {Ia-n Ipd-p-sIm-p-hv 9 Znhkw sImv 450 Xn-enbpw IqSn BsI 19 Znhkw sImv 1000 Xn-en-bm-Ipw. aty-a-am{X 1mw Znhkw 6, 2mw Znhkw 12 Fo-{I-a-n hn-nv 12 Znhkw sImv 468 Dw tkhn-m BsI 1014 BIpw. {lkz-am{X 1mw Znhkw 3, 2mw Znhkw 6 Fo-{I-a-n hn-np 18 Znhkw sImv 513 Dw 19-mw Znhkw IqSn 54, 20mw Znhkw 51 Fo {Ia-n Ipd-p-sIm-p-hp 18 Znhkw sImp 513 Dw IqSn 1006 BIpw. Fm CXnv asmcp {Iaw-Iq-Sn-bpv D-a-am-{X. AXp-t]mse Xs 1000 hpw ay-a-am{X 6 apX XpSn 10 Znh-kw sImv 330 Dw, 9-Zn-hkw sImv Ipd-p-sIm-p-hp 270 Dw IqSn 600 C\n lrkz-am{X 3 apX hn-np 10 Znhkw sImv 165Dw, 9mw Znhkw sImv IpdpsImp-hp 135 Dw IqSn 300 Cns\ D-am{X 1000 ay-a-am{X 600 {lkz-am{X 300 Fo {Ia-amWv Ipd-p-IqSn \-sXv tXmp-p.

Pc-Wmt ƒbmtaImw {]mKv`p-t-tZz-hn-`o-XtI

`pzm-Xp-a-[p-kn`ymw NXzm-cym-a-e-Im-\ne

{]tbm-P-tb kam-taImw {Xn^-embm ckm-b\w

Poth hj-iXw ]q-a-Ptcm ƒhym[n-tc-Hn

                                    {Xn^-em-c-km-b\w

11

Xtev Ign Blmcw Zlnp Fv tXmn-bm cmhn-se Hcp IpSp tX\pw s\pw tNp tkhn--Ww. (P-c-Wmt Fv ]d--Xp-sImv Xtev Ign Blmcw Zln-n-s-n ISp tkhn--cp-sX-w) AXn\p tijw Blmcw Ign-p--Xnp apmbn cv Xm\n tX\pw s\pw tNp tkhn--Ww. Blmcw Ign--Xn\p tijw \mep-s\-n tX\pw s\pw tNp tkhn-Ww. Cu {Xn^em ckm-b\w Hcp sImw apgp-h\pw tkhn--Ww. CXp ckm-b-\-hn[n {]Imcw tkhn-m \qdv hjw ]q-ambn hmym-h IpSm-sXbpw tcmK--sfm-p-an-m-sXbpw Pohn-pw.

ss{X^m-e-\m-bkow ]m{Xow It \mte-]-tb-hmw

Xa-tlm-I-cm-{XnIw te]w ]nt_ut{Zm-ZIm qXw

{]`q-X-kvt\-l-a-i\w Pot X{X {]i-kytX

APtcm ƒcpIvk-am-`ym-km-o-th-ss-k-amx-iXw

                                   {Xn^em ckm-b\w 2

12

{Xn^e Acp ]pXnb Ccp-p-]m-{X-ns AIp ]pcn 24 aWn-q Ign-m AXn tX tNp shsamgnp Ie-n-Ip-Sn--Ww. CXv Zln-m [mcmfw s\v tNp sN--cn-tmtdm \h-c-b-cn-tmtdm D-Ww. Cu {Xn^e ckm-b\w ckm-b-\-hn[n {]Imcw Hcp sImw tkhn-m hmIyw tcmKw Ch-I-tfmpw IqSmsX \qdv hjw Pohn-pw.

a[p-tI\ XpKm-n-cym-]n--eym-u-{Z-knjm

{Xn^-em-kn-X-bm-N-a-]n-bp-m-knw ckm-b\w

                                 {Xn^em ckm-b\w  3

13

Cc-n-a-[pcw, Iqh-\q-dv, Xn-en, tX s\v, ]-kmc Ch-bn GsX-nepw Hn-t\mSv tNtm Ch-sbmw IqSn tNtm AXn {X^e tNp tkhn-t-p-Xv kn-amb ckm-b-\-am-Ip-p. CXv tkhn-t-p {Ia-fpw ]y-fpw ^e--fp-samw addv {Xn^-em-c-km-b-\-nv ]d--Xp-t]mse Xs-bm-Ip-p. Cc-n-a-[p-cmZn Hmtcmpw {Xn^ebpsS kaw sNp tkhn-m-sapw ]-ap-v.

k-eusslx kpht\ hN-bm-a[p knjm

hnUw-K-]n--eo-`ym {Xn^-em-e-h-tW-\N

kwhk-c-{]-tbm-tKW ta[m-kvar-Xn-_-e-{]Zm

`h-Xymbpx {]Zm-[\ym Pcm-tcmK \nhln-Wo.

                     CXn {Xn^em ckm-b-\m\n  4

14

{Xn^-em-Nq-n\p kaw shn, sNv, Ccp-v, apX-em-b-h-bpsS `kvahpw kz-`-kvahpw hb-v, hngm-e-cn, Xn-en, Cpv Fn-h-bpsS Nqhpw tNp tX\nepw s\nepw Nmenp Hcp sImw apgp-h\pw ckm-b\ hn[n-{]-Imcw tkhn-m [mc-Wm-in, Hmin, ico-c-_ew Fn-hsb Dm-p-Xpw Bbp-ns\ hn-n-p-Xpw t{ijvT-am-bn-p-Xpw hm-Iym-h--tbbpw tcmK--tfbpw \in-n-p--Xp-am-Ip-p. CXv shn, sNv apX-em-b-h-bpsS `kvaw {Xn^-ebpw kz-`-kvahpw {Xn^-ebpw hbpw {Xn^-ebpw tX\pw s\pw {Xn^-ebpw hngm-e-cnbpw Xn-enbpw {Xn^-ebpw Cppw {Xn^-e-bp-ambn tkhn-m-sapw ]m--c-ap-v.

A\-avf Ijm-b ISp-]m-tI-in-em-PXp

hmXyp-jvW-ioXw [mXp-`y--Xp`y-kvX-ky-kw-`hx

tlav\x kc-P-Xm Xm{am-Zzcw IrjvWm-b-km-Z]n

ckm-b\w XZzn-[n-`n-kvX-Zzrjyw X-tcm-K-\pXv

hmX-]n--I-^-Lvss\kvXp \ncyp-ssl-kvX kp`m-hnXw

hotcymIjw]cw-bmXn kss-tc-ssI-Itim ƒ]nhm

{]n-t]ym-r-X-a-t]y\w ]p\-kvX {]n-t]-{Ztk

tImjvtW-k-]vXm-l-ta-tX\ hn[n\m Xky `mh\m

]qtm-t\ hn[m-t\\ eussl-qo IrssXx-kl

X]oXw ]b-km-Z-Zym ZoL-ambpx kpJm-\znXw

Pcm-hym-[n-{]-i-a\w tZl-ZmVyIcw-]cw

ta[m-kvar-Xn-Icw _eywocmin X{]m-tbm-P-tb

{]tbmKx k]vX-k-]vXm-lm-kv{X-b-ss-I k]vXIx

\nnjvS kv{Xnhn-[-kvX-ky-]tcm atym ƒhc-kvXYm

am{Xm-]-e-z-]ewkym Ij-kvXp-I-\o-bko

15

IZw Aev]w ]pfn-c-k-ap-Xpw Nhv ck-ap-Xpw Pmcm-n-]m-I-n Fcphv ck-ap-Xpw A[nIw DjvW-ho-cy-a-m-Xpw ioX-ho-cym-a-m-Xpw CXns Dhw \mep-[m-Xp--fn \npamIpp. B \mep [mXp- kzw, shn, sNv, Imcn-cpv Fn-h-bm-Ip-p. IZw hnZn-c-{]-Imcw D]-tbm-Kn-p--Xm-bm ckm-b-\hpw hrjyhpw tcmK-\m-i-I-hp-am-Ip-p. IZw hmX--]n I^ lcu-j-[--fpsS Ijm-b-n \mbn `mh\ sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. Ans\ sNbvXm hocyw IqSpXm-Wv. `mh-\-sN-p-Xv {XntZm-j-l-c-amb Huj-[--sf-mw-IqSn Ijmbw sh-Xntem GI-tZm-j-l-c-amb Huj-[--fpsS Ijm-b-ntem Bhmw. AXm-bXv tkhn-t-p tcmKn-bpsS tZmj-tIm-]-n-Xn-p-\p-k-cn-p Ijm-b-n `mh-\-sN--W-sa-w. `mh-\-sN-p Ijm-b-shw NqSp-m-bn-cn--Ww. Hcp {]mhiyw Ijm-b-n-ensSp IZw DWn hopw Ijm-b-n-en-s-Spp DW--Ww. Cns\ Ggp {]hiyw `mh-\-sN-bvsX-Sp--Ww. CXmWv I-Z-ns `mh-\m-hn-[n. Ans\ `mh-\-sN-bvsX-Sp IZw apv ]d {Xn^-em-bm-c-tkaqt{X Fn-XymZn hn[n {]Imcw `kva-am-n-sb-Spp temlmZn `kva- tNp ]men Ien ckm-b-\-hn[n {]Imcw tkhn-m hfscb[nIw Btcm-Ky-tm-Sp-IqSn ZoLm-bp-ns\ {]m]n-p-m-Wv. am{X-a hm-Iym-h--tbbpw tcmK-tbpw \in-n-p-Ibpw ico-c-n\v IqSpX ZrV-X-bp-m-hp-Ibpw _pn-i-nbpw Hm-i-nbpw hn-p-Ibpw ico-c-_-e-ap-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw. IZw D]-tbm-Kn-p-tm ]mev [mcmfw Ign-p-Ibpw thWw. CXv tkhn-t-Xv 49 Znhkw, 21 Znh-kw, 7 Znhkw Fn-s\ aqp-hn-[-n-em-Ip-p. _e-hm-mcpw tZmj-v B[n-Iy-ap--hcpw ]c-a-amb 40 Znh-khpw aty-tZm-jm-[n-Iy-ap--hcpw aty-a-amb 21 Znh-khpw Aev] _e-hm-mcpw Aev]-tZm-jm-[n-Iy-ap--hcpw Aev]-amb 7 Znh-khpw IZw tkhn--Ww. CXn-s am{X ]c-a-am{X Hcp ]ehpw aty-a-am{X Ac--ehpw Ipd--am{X aqp Igpw BIp-p.

PmtXhn-tijw khn[nw Xky hym-ay-Xx-]cw

tlamtZymx kqcy-k-]vXmx {khn Kncn-[m-Xhx

PXzm-`w-apZp arkv\mw-baew Xn-em-PXp

a[p-c k Xn Phm-]pjv] \n`-bx

ISphn-]m-tI-io-X kph-ky-\n-{khx

cq]-ky-I-SpIx tizXx ioXx kzmZphn-c-NytX

Xm{a-ky-_ln-I-WvTm-`-kvXn-tmjvWx ISp-]-NytX

bkvXp-Kp-pep Im`m-k-kvXn-tIm eh-Wm-\znXx

ISphn-]mtI ioX--k-t{ijvTx kNm-bkx

tKmaq-{X-K-bx kt k-Ikp buKnImx

ckm-b\ {]bm-tKN ]n-akvXp hnin-jytX

bYm-{Iaw hmX-]nttjva-]nt It^-{Xnjp

hnti-jXx {]i-ky-t-aem tlam-Zn-[m-XpQmx

inem-PXp {]tbm-tKjp hnZm-lo\n Kpcp-WnN

h-tb k-Im-ep Ipe-m]-cn-h-tb

tXly-Xy-zn-cp--Xzm-Z-ivam\m t`Z-\mx-]cw

temI-Zr-jvSm-kvX-X-kvtXjmw {]tbmKx {]Xn-jn-[ymtX

]bmw knip-m-\n-ckmx kbpjmx

tXmbw kaq{Xw hnh[mx Ijmbmx

Btem-U-\mw Kncn-P-ky-ikvXm

tXtX{]tbmPymx {]k-aoyImcyw

\tkm ƒkvXntcm-tKm-`phn kmy-cq]x

inem-lz-bw-bw-\-P-tb {]kly

XIm-e-tbm-ssKhn-[n`nx {]bpw

kz-ky-tNmmw hn]pemw ZZmXn

inem-PXp ckm-b\w

16

C\n Hmtcm-PmXn I-Z-n-tbpw hnti-j- hn[n-{]-I-mcw ]d-bmw. kqcys NqSp-sImv kzm-Zm-[m-Xp--fpfve ]-X- X]np tIme-c-ns BIr-Xn-bpepw ap-t]mse arZp-hmbpw kz-ambpw bmsXmcp aew {khn-p-pthm AXmWv I-Zw. bmsXmcp IZw Ibvt]m-Sp-IqSnb a[p-c-c-khpw sN-c-n-q-hns \ndhpw PT-cm-n-]m-I-n Fcphv ckhpw ioX-ho-cypw ImWp-pthm AXv kz-[m-Xp-hp ae-bn \np-m-b-Xm-Ip-p. Fcphv ckhpw sh-\n-dhpw ioX-ho-cyhpw PT-cm-n-]m-I-n a[p-c-c-khpw D IZw shn [mXp--fp ae-bn\n-p-m-b-Xm-Ip-pb abn-ens Igp-p-t]mse \nd-ap-Xpw Ibv]p-c-k-ap-Xpw DjvW-ho-cy-ap-Xpw PT-cm-n-]m-I-n Fcphv ck-ap-Xpamb IZw sNv [mXp--fn \np-m-b-Xm-Ip-p. KpKp-ep-t]m-se-bp-Xpw Dv ck-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb Ibv]p-c-k-apXpw PT-cmn ]mI-n Fcphv ck-apXpw ioX-ho-cy-ap-Xpw Fm-d-dnepw shp t{ijvT-am-bn-p--Xp-amb IZw Ccpv [mXp--fpsS ae-bn \np-m-b-Xm-Ip-p. Cu ]d \mep-PmXn I-Z-npw tKmaq-{X-ns aW-am-bn-cn-pw. Fm-hn[ I-Zhpw Fm-hn-[-I-npw D]-tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Wv. Fm ckm-b-\-{]-tbm-K--fn HSp-hn ]d Ccp-n \np-mb IZw hn-ti-j-s--Xm-Wv. hmX-]n--n kuh-I--Zhpw I^-]n--n cP-X-I--Zhpw I^-n Xm{a-I--Zhpw {XntZm-j--fn Bb-k-I--Zhpw hnti-jnpw t{ijvT-am-Wv. IZw tkhn-p-tm Dp-gp-p-m-p-Xpw Kpcp-Xz-ap--Xp-amb Blmcw hn--Ww. I-Z-tk-h-bn apXnc Fm-bvt]mgpw hn--Ww. apXn-c-I-n\v hncp--am-sWpw Ins\ t`Zn-p--Xm-sWpw temI-nsemhpw {]Xy--n ImWm-hp--Xm-Wv. AXp-sImv IZw {]tbm-Kn-p-tm apXnc Xotc-\n-jn--am-Ip-p. ]m, a[p-ip-w, amwk-c-kw, [m\y-bq-jw, ip-P-ew, tKmaq{Xw Fn-h-I-fnepw \m\m-hn[ Ijm-b--fnepw IZw Ien D]-tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Wv. tZmj-tIm-]m-h-bpw ico-c-n-Xnbpw t\mn Ch-bn-te-sX-n-ep-w Hn Ien IZw D]-tbm-Kn-t--Xm-Wv. IZw \in-n-m tcmK- `qan-bn-en-. Ime-n\v tbmPy-amb hn[-nepw imkv{X-hn-K-tbpw _em \in-n-p--Xm-Wv. am{X-a tcmK--sfm-p-an-m--h\v hf-sc-b-[nIw ico-c-kp-Js sImSp-p--Xp-am-Ip-p.

X{X-ivtfm-Ix

Ic{]NnXn-tIm-]mtZ Zi-jvSN aljnWm

ckm-b-\m\mw knm-\mw kwtbmKmx kap-ZmlrXmx.

17

Cu Ic-{]-Nn-Xn-Iob ckm-b-\-]m-Z-n 16 hn[-n-ep knckm-b-\--fpsS {]tbm-K- Bt{Xb aljn-bm ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-p.

CXy-n-th-i-IrtX Xt{ Nc-I-{]-Xn-kw-kvI-rtX

NnInkn-X-mt\ {]Y-am-ymtb Ic-{]-Nn-Xob

ckm-b-\-]mZx XrXobx