Aymbw  16

]mWvUp-tcmK NnIn-

tmI x

1 - 15

AYmXx ]mWvUp-tcmK NnInknXw hymJym-kymax
CXn-l-kvaml `K-hm-\m-t{X-bx
1

C\n ]mWvUp-tcmK NnIn-nXw F Aym-bs Bt{Xb `K-hm D]-tZ-in {]Im-cw-Xs An-thi aljn hnh-cn-p-p.

]mWvUp-tcmKmx kvarXm ]-hm-X-]n Iss^-kv{Xbx
NXpx kn-]m-tX\ ]tam `-WmarZx.
2

]mWvUp-tcmKw 5-hn-[-n-em-Ip-p. 1-hm-X-Pw, 2-]n--Pw, 3-I-^-Pw, 4-k-n-]m-X-Pw, Am-a-tXv av Xnp--Xp-sIm-p-m-Ip--Xp-am-Ip-p.

tZmjmx ]n-{]-[m-\m bky Ip]yn [mXpjp
tiYneyw Xky-[m-Xq\mw Kuc-h-tm] PmbtX
XtXm-h _e-kvt\lm tb Nmt\y ƒt]ym-P-tkm-KpWmx
{hPn b-a-Xyw tZmj Zqjy {]Zq-j-Wm
tkm ƒ]-ctm ƒ]-ta-Z-kvtXm\nx kmc-kn-Yn-te-{ob
sshhyw `P-tX-Xky tlXpw-irWp k e-Ww.
3

tZmj- ]n-{]-[m-\-ambn bmsXm-cp-h\v [mXp--fn tIm]n--s-Sp-pthm Ahs [mXp-v inYn-e-Xbpw Kuchhpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. AXn-\p-tijw hmXm-Zn-tZm-j-fpw ckmZn [mXp-fpw AXyw Zpjn-p-I-Im-cWw ico-c-ns hw, _ew, kv\nKvX Chbpw HmP-n-t-Xmb addv KpW-fpw bn-p--Xm-Wv, Atm cw Ipd-bp-I, taZv Ipd-bp-I, D-cp-n-m-bva, C{n-b-v inYn-eX Ch Dm-hp-Ibpw Ah hnh-Xsb (]m-WvUp-tcm-K-s) {]m]n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXns Imc-Ws e-W-k-lnXw ]d-p-Xcmw tIp-[-cn-p-sIm-p-I.

mcmavf eh-Wm-XypjvW hncp-m-lmc tkh-\m
\njv]m-h-amj ]nWymI Xne-ssXe \ntj-h-Wm
hnZKvt ƒt Znhm-kz-]v\mZv hymbm-am ssaYp-\mXYm
{]Xn-Ip sshj-aymZv thKm-\m hn[m-c-Wm
Ima-Nn-m-`-b-t{I[ timtIm-]-l-X-tN-Xkx
kaq-Zow bYm-]nw lrZtb ka-h-nXw
hmbp\m _en-\m-n]vXw kw{]m]y [a-\oZi
{]]w tIhew tZlw XzMvamw-km-c kwnXw
{]Zqjy I^-hm-Xm-krIv XzMvamw-km\n Itcm-Xn-X
]mWvUp-lm-cn{Z lcn-Xm hmw hnhn-[mw-kvXzNn
k ]mWvUp-tcmK CXyp--kvX-ky-enwKw `hn-jyXx
lrZ-b-kv]-\w cuyw tkzZm-`mhx {ia--Xm.
4

mcw, Aw, eh-Ww, AXy-pjvWw, hncp-m-lmcw Fnh ioen-p-I-sImpw Ah-c-, Dgp-v, ]nm-v, Fs Ch D]-tbm-Kn-p-I-sImp Ign Blmcw Zln-msX ]I-ep-d-p-I-sImp hymbm-aw-sImpw ssaYp-\w-sImpw NnInkm sshjayw sImpw EXp-ssh-jayw sImpw ae--aq-{XmZn thK-[m-c-Ww-sImpw Ima-Nn-, `bw, t{Im[w, timIw, Ch sImp-m-Ip at\m-hn-j-aw-sImpw lrZ-b-n nXn-sN-p ]nw hnp _e-hm-\mb hmbp-hn-\m t{]cn-X-ambn lrZ-b-aq-e-n-X-amb ]v [a-\n-Isf {]m]n-nv ico-c-n apgp-h hym]np N-n-tbpw amwk-n-sbpw CSbvv \np-sImv I^w, hmXw, cw Ncn-w, amwkw Chsb Zpjn-np B ]nw N-n ]mWvUp-h, (hn-f) a-hw, ]-hw apX-emb \m\m-hn[ h-sf Dm-p-p. Btcm-Kn\v ]mWvUp-tcmKw Fv ]d-b-sSpp. s\n-Sn-v, ico-c-cq--X, hnbn-m-bva, Xf, Ch ]mWvUp-tcm-K-ns ]q-cq] e-W-am-Ip-p.

kw`qtX ƒkvan`-th kx I-tz-Uo-l-Xm-\ex
Zp_ex kZt\m ƒ-ZznSv {ia-`q-a-\n-]o-UnXx
Km{X-iq-e-Pzc izmk Kuc-hm-cp-Nn-am \cx
arZn ssXcnh Kmss{X ]oUn-tXm aYo-ssX-cnh
iq\m-n-Iq-tSm-l-cnXx ioWvWtcm-am-l-X-{]`x
tIm]\x inin-c-tZzjo \n{Zmepx jvToht\m ƒ]-hmIv
]nWvUn-tIm-tZz-jvS-I-Sypcp ]mZ-cpIv kZ-\m-\oN
kypc-[m-tcm-l-Wm-b-ssk hnti-j-kvXky hytX 5

Fm-hn[ ]mWvUp-tcm-K-nepw a\p-jy sNhn-aq-fn--bp--h-\mbpw An-am-y-ap--h-\mbpw Zp_-e-\mbpw oW-ap--h-\mbpw Blmcw thm--h-\mbpw Xf, Xe-Np-d-d, ico-c-th-Z-\, Pzcw, izmk-tcmKw ico-c-L-S-\w, AcpNn Ch D-h-\m-bp-an-cn-pw. ico-c-n an-p--Xp-t]m-sebpw sRp--Xp-t]m-sebpw \pdp-p--Xp-t]m-se-bp-ap-m-Ipw. IIqSv hnpw. icocw \oebpw abpw Ie \nd-am-bn-cn-pw. tcma- sImgn-bpw. ico-c-ns Imn-\-jvS-s-Spw. tIm]-io-e-\m-Ipw, XWp--Xns\ shdppw Ddw IqSp-X-ep-m-Ipw. Xpn-sm-n-cnpw Ipd-p-am{Xw kwkm-cn-pw. Imens aknp-cp-p-I-b-d-dw, Ac-s-v, XpS, Imev Ch-I-fn thZ-\, Xf Ch hgn-\-S-w, taevt]m-p Ib-d-dw, ico-cm-bmkw Fn-h-I-tf-sm-p-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw. Ch ]mWvUp-tcm-K-ns kmam\y e-W-am-Ip-p. AXns hntij e-W-sf ]d-p-X-cmw.

Blm-ssc-cp-]-hm-ssk hmXssex Ip]ntXm ƒ\nex
P\-tb Ir{-]m-WvUpXzw kcp-m-cpW `mk-Xmw.
AwK-aw Pzcw-tXmZw Iw ]miz-in-tcm-cpPw
h-tim-jmky sshckyw timYm-\ml _e--bm. 6

hmXw hn-p--Xmb Blm-c--tf-smpw Ip]n-X-amb hmbp IjvS-km-y-amb ]mWvUptcmKs Dm-pw. AXn ico-c-n\v cq-Xbpw Acp-W-h-hp-ap--Sm-Ipw. icocw \pdp-n-t\m-hv, Pzcw, Ipn-t\m-hv, hnd-b, ]miz-th-Z-\, Xe-th-Z-\, aew hd-p-t]m-hp-I, hmbvv hnc-k-X, tim^w, hbdv hov, _e-bw Ch hmX-P-\y-amb ]mWvUp-tcm-K-n-ep-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw.

]n-f-kym-NnXw ]nw btYmssx sskzx {]tIm-NssWx
Zqj-bn-XzmXp cm-Zo ]mWvUp-tcm-Kmb I]tX
k ]otXm-l-cn-Xm-t`mhm Pzc-Zm-l-k-a-\znXx
On-aqm ]n]m-kmx ]oX-aq-{X-i-Ir-cx
tkzZ\x ioX-Im-a-\m N-a-`n-\-Xn
ISp-Imtkym \ Nmtkym-jvW-ap-]-titX ƒavf-ta-hN
DZvKmtcm ƒavtfm hnZm-l hnZ-Kvm--ky-Pm-btX
Zu_eyw `n-h-cn#-kvXzw ZuK-ym-Xa Gh N 7

]n-{]-Ir-Xn-m-c\v ]nw hn-p--Xmb ISz-tm-jvWm-Zn-I-sf-smv Ip]n-X-K-amb ]n, cm-Zn-[m-sf Zpjn-n-nv ]mWvUp-tcmKw Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. ]n-]m-WvUp-tcmKw a-\n-dtam ]-\n-dtam Bbn-cn-pw, Pzcw, Npp-\o-d. On, tamlm-e-kyw, Zmlw Ch-bp-m-Ipw, ae-aq-{X- a-\n-d-am-bn-cn-pw, hnbp-Ibpw XWp-n B{K-lhpw Dm-Ipw. Blm-c-n B{K-l-ap-m-Ip--X-. hmbvv Fcphv ckhpw AX-s-n DjvWhpw ]pfn-c-k-ap G-hpw Dp-gp-p-mIpw Zp_-e-Xbpw aew Ab-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw ico-c-n\v ZpK-hpw In-cp--Spw Dm-Ipw.

hncpx tjvassex ivtfjvam-]m-WvUp-tcmKw k ]q-h
ItcmXn Kuchw X{mw NOnw-tiz-Xmh `mkXmw
{]tkIw tema lj-kmZw aqmw `qaw-aw
izmkw-Imkw XYm-e-ky-a-cpNnw hmIvkz-c-{Klw
aq{Xmn hkmw iuyw ISp-cq-m-avf-Im-a-Xm,
izbYpw eh-Wm-ky-Xz-anXn ]mWvUzm-abx I^m. 8

I^-h-I--fmb Blm-cm-Zn-I-tf-smv I^w hnp apv ]d--Xp-t]mse cmZn [mXp-sf Zpjn-np ]mWvUp-tcm-Ks Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. ico-cw, aSn, On, ico-c-n\v sh-\ndw hmbn\nv shw Hgp-Ip-I, tcmam-w, hnf, tamlm-e-kyw, Xe-Np-d-d, oWw, izmk-tcmKw Imkw, Be-kyw, Acp-Nn, hmn\pw kzc-n\pw bw, aq{Xw, Iv, aew, Ch shfp-n-cn-pI Fcphv ck-nepw cqX D-Xnepw ]pfn-c-k-nepw B{K-lw, tZl-am-k-Iew how, hmbvv Dp-ckw Ch I^tZmjwsIm-p-mb ]mWvUp-tcm-K-ns e-W-am-Ip-p.

km tkhn\x k-tZmjm ZpjvSm kv{XotZm-jPw
{XntZm-j-]nwKw Ipn ]mWvUp-tcmKw kpZpx klw. 9

hmX--]n---I-^-tZm-j- hn-p--Xmb Blmcw ioen-p--h\v {XntZm-j-fpw Zpjnp ta]-d {XntZm-j--fp-tSbpw e-W- Iep kn-]m-X-P-\y-ambn Gd-dhpw Zpxk-l-amb ]mWvUp-tcmKw Dm-Ip-p.

arn-Im-Z-\-io-eky Ip]y-Xy-\y-X-tam-aex
Ijmbm amcpXw ]n-aq-jcm a[p-cm-I^w
tIm]-tbarZv ckm-Zow--cu-ymZv `p--cq--tb
]qc-b-Xy-hn-]-ssIzh t{kmXmwkn \ncp-W-y]n
C{n-bmWw _ew lXzm tXtPm-ho-cyu-P-ko-XYm
]mWvUp-tcmKw Itcm-Xymip _e-hmn \mi\w
iq\m-n-Iq-S-K-WvU`qx iq\-]-m-`n-ta-l\x
Iran-tImjvtTm ƒXn-km-tcy-X-aew kmkrIv I^m-\zn-Xw. 10

av Xnp ioe-ap--h\v hmXmZn tZmj--fn GsX-nepw Hv tIm]n-p--Xm-Ip-p. Nhv ck-ap--av hmbp-hn-t\bpw mc-c-k-ap av ]n-tbpw a[p-c-c-k-ap av I^-tbpw tIm]n-n-pw. av cq-X-bp--Xm-b-XpsImv ckm-Zn-[m-Xp--tfbpw `n--s A-tbpw cq-am-p-Ibpw sNbvXnv ]mI-am-Im-sX-Xs t{kmX-p-I-fn \nd-p-\nv t{kmX-p-Isf AS-p-Ibpw sNbvX C{n-b--fpsS _ew, tXP-v, hocyw, HmPv Ch-Isf \in-n-nv ]mWvUp-tcm-K-ap-m-bm W-n ico-c-_-ew, h-{]-km-Zw, PT-cmn Ch \in-n-pw. IIqSv Ihn-Sw, `q{]-tZ-iw, Imev, \m`n, enwKw Ch hopw. hb-d-dn Iran \nd-bpw. aew c-tmSpw I^-tmSpw IqSn AXn-k-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw.

]mWvUp-tcm-K-n-tcm]x Jco-`q-tXm-\-kn-yXn
Ime {]Ijmq \m\m tbm hm ]oXm-\n-]-iyXn
_m] hnSvk-l-cnXw k I^w tbmXn-km-cytX
Zo\x tizXm-Xn-ZnKvmw Kn-aqm-Xr-U-\znXx
k \mkvXy-kr-vj-bmZv b ]mWvUpx tizX-Xz-am-]v\p-bm
CXn ]-hn-[-tkymw ]mWvUp-tcm-Kky e-Ww. 11

]mWvUp-tcmKw Dmbnv Iptd-I-gn-bp-Ibpw cq-Xzw-sImv icocw I-i-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXm AXv Akm-y-am-bn-cn-pw. bmsXm-cp-h\v ]mWvUp-tcm-K-ap-m-bnv Ime--g-w-sImv icocw hop-Itbm AYhm ImWp--sXmw a-\n-d-ambn ImWp-Ibpw sNp-pthm AXpw Akm-y-am-bn-cn-pw. bmsXmcp ]mWvUp-tcmKn aew In-bmbpw Aev]-ambpw ]-\n-d-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw I^-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw AXn-k-cn-p-pthm AXpw Akm-y-am-bn-cn-pw. bmsXmcp ]mWvUp-tcmKn icocw AXn-bmbn sh-\ndw ]pc--Xp-t]msebpw On, tamlm-e-kyw, Zmlw Ch-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm Ah Pohn-p-I-bn-. bmsXmcp ]mWvUp-tcmKn c--bw-sImv icocw sh-\n-ds {]m]n-p-pthm Ah\pw Pohn-p--X-. C{]-Imcw Ap-hn-[-n-ep ]mWvUp-tcm-K-ns eWw ]d-b-s-p.

]mWvUp-tcm-Ko-Xptbm ƒXyw ]n-fm\n \ntj-htX
Xky-]n--a-kr-Mvamwkw ZKvzm tcmKmb I]tX
lmcn-{Z-t\{Xx kp`riw lmcn-{Z-XzMv \Jm-\\x
c-]o-X-i-Ir aqt{Xm-`-I-htm ltX-{nbx
Zmlm-hn-]m-I-Zu_ey kZ-\m-cp-Nn-IjnXx
Imaem _lp-]n-ssjm tImjvT-im-Jm-{ibm aXm
Imem--cm Jco-`qXm Ir{m-kym Ipw`-Im-aem
IrjvW-aq{X iIr-t-t{Xm-`riw iq\ am\hx
kc-m-n-ap-J-n hnaq-t{Xm-b--Xm-ayXn
Zmlm-cp-Nn-Xr-Um-\ml X{m-taml ka-\znXx
\jvSmn kwm; n{]w ln Ima-em-hm hn]-Zy-tX.
12

bmsXmcp ]mWvUp-tcm-Kn-bm-Is AXyw ]n-h-\-amb Blm-cs D]-tbm-Kn-p-pthm Ah\v ]nw hnp c-tbpw amwk-tbpw ZKv-am-n-bnv Ima-em-tcm-Ks Dm-p--Xm-Wv. Ima-e-bn Ins \ndw Gd-dhpw a-bm-bn-cn-pw. Nhpw \Jhpw apJhpw a-\n-d-am-bn-cn-pw. aq{Xhpw aehpw c-]o-X-h-am-bn-cn-pw. icocw a--h-f-tb-tm-se-bn-cn-pw. C{n-b- Zp_-e-am-Ipw. Npp-\o-d, Zl-\--bw, Zp_-e-Xv, oWw, AcpNn Ch-bp-m-hp-Ibpw icocw saen-bp-Ibpw sNpw. Cu Imae ]nw hnp tImjvT-tbpw imJ-I-tfbpw B{i-bn-p-m-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. CXv NnInkn-msX Ime--gw sNm icocw ]cp-]-cp-p--Xm-bn-o-cp-Ibpw Ir{-km-y-amb Ip`-Im-a-e-bm-hp-Ibpw sNpw. CXn tcmKw-bpsS aq{X--a-e--t\-{X- Idpv \nd-ap--Xmbpw icocw IqSp-X hop-Ibpw Inq-Snbpw hmbnq-Snbpw cw hcn-Ibpw On, aew, aq{Xw Ch-bn c-ap-m-hp-Ibpw In-cp--S-p-Ibpw Npp-\o-d, Acp-Nn, Zmlw, hbdv hov aSn, tamlm-ekyw Ch-bp-m-hp-Ibpw PT-cm-nbpw t_m[hpw \jvS-s-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXm B Ipw`-Im-a-em-tcmKn DS-s\-Xs acn-p-t]m-Ipw.

kmym-\m-an-X-tc-jm {]h-yman NnIn-nXw
X{X-]m-WvUzm-a-bn-kv\nKv XovssW cqzm temanssIx
timyx kymar-Zp-`n-kvXnx Ima-em-hm hntc-Nss\x
Xm`ymw kwip tImjvTm`ymw ]Yym-\y-m\n Zm]-tb
imen kbh tKm[q-am ]pcm-Wm bqj-kw-ln-Xm
apZvKm-VIo akp-cm-ssZyPmw-K-sse cssklnssXx
bYm-tZmjw hnivjvS Xtbmss`-j-Py-am-N-tc
Ieym-WIw ]-Khyw alm-Xn--a-Ym]n hm
kvt\l-\mw LrXw ZZym Imaem ]mWvUp-tcm-KotW
13

C\n Akm-y-am-bn-p--sXm-gnp kmy-am-bn-p Imaem tcmK--fpsS NnInk ]dbmw. ]mWvUp-tcm-Knsb BZyw-Xs kv\nKv-X-h-cpn XovW-amb ha-\-hn-tc-N\w sNbvXp ipn-h-cp--Ww. Ima-em-tcm-Knsb Xn-ckw tN-Xmb arZp-hn-tc-a-\u-j-[--tf-smv hntc-Nn-n--Ww. tImjvT-ip-n-h-cp-nb ]mWvUp-tcm-Knpw Ima-em-tcm-Knpw ]y-amb Blmcw sImSp--Ww. AYmbXv ]g-Inb sNs--cn, bhw, tKmX-w, apX-em-b-h-sIm-p-m-nb Blmcw sNdp-]-b-dv, Xph-c--cn-v, NW--bdv apX-emb [m\y--fpsS bqjv tNpw lnX-amb PmwK-e-amw-k-ckw tNp sImSp--Ww. CXv ]mWvUp-tcm-K-n\pw Ima-em-tcm-K-n-\p-ap kmam\y NnInk-bm-Ip-p. tZmj-Im-a-em-tcm-K-n-\p-ap kmam\y NnInk-bm-Ip-p. tZmj-tIm-]m-\p-km-tc-W-bp hntij NnInk Ch cn\pw sN-Ww. Ima-em-tcm-Knpw ]mWvUp-tcm-Knpw icocw kv\nKvX hcp-p-hm DmZ NnInk-bn ]d Ieym-W-Lr-Xtam A]-kvamc NnInk-bn ]d ]-K-hy-Lr-Xtam IpjvT-Nn-Ink-bn ]d alm-Xn-I LrXtam sImSp-Ww.

ZmUn-am IUhw [m\ym IU-hmw ]ew ]ew
Nn{X-Im-rw-K-th-cm ]n-ey-jvS-an-Im-XYm
ssXx Iss hnwi-Xn-]ew LrXky ken-em-VtI
knw-lr]mWvUp Kpamix ol-hmX I^mn-\p
Zo]\w izmk-Im-kLv\w aqV-hmtXN ikytX
ZpxJ-{]-k-hn-\o-\m hym-\m-ssh K`-Zw.
ZmUn-am-Zyw-Lr-Xw.
14

Ddp-am--g-tmSv 4-]-ew, sIm-m-ecn 2-]-ew, sImSp-th-cn-n-gv 1-]-ew, Npv 1-]-ew, Xnen Ac-ew Ch Fmw-IqSn Ievvamn 20--]ew s\v, 8-C-S-gn ip-P-e-n ]mIw sNbvXvSp--Ww. Cu ZmUo-am-Zn-LrXw lrt{Zm-Kw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, Kp, Ai-v, ol-tcmKw hmX-tcm-Kw, I^-tcm-Kw, Ch-bsS ian-n-pw. Zo]-\-i-nsb Dm-pw. izk-Im-ks ian-n-pw, aqV-hm-X-n\v \-Xm-Wv. {]k-h-n\v ZpxJ-ap kv{XoIv kpJ-{]-k-h-s-bp-p-pw. hy-Iv ]p{X-em-`-ap-m-p-Ibpw sNpw.

ISpImw tcmlnWow apkvXw lcnt{Z hk-Im^ew
]tSmew N\w aqmw {Xmb-amWmw Zpcm-e`mw
k ]neow ]-SIw `q\nw_w tZh-Zm-cpN
]njvSzm--am-ss{XkvssXx knx {]w ocm-V-tI-]-tN
c-]nw Pzcw Zmlw-iz-bYpw k `K-cw
Aimky krKvZ-c-ssh l\ymZv hnkvt^m-S-Im-X-Ym.
ISp-Im-Zyw-Lr-Xw.
15

ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, ap-, a, ac-a--tm-ev, IpS-I-m-e-b-cn, Imp-]-tSm-ew, N-\w, s]cp-d-p-dp--th-cv, {_n, sImSn-q-h-th-cv, Xn-en, ]-Sw, ]p-cn-p--th-cv, tZh-Xmcw Ch apqp Ignn FSp--cp Ievw tNp {Zh-Zzn-Kp-W-Xzm 2-C-S-gn s\v 8-C-S-gn ]men tNp ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. Cu s\v c-]n-w, Pzcw, Npp-\o-d, how, `K--cw, Ai-v, Akr-KvZcw Ch-tbmbpw hnkvt^m-S-I--tfbpw ian-n-pw. (C-hnsS ]mWvUp-tcm-Ks ian-n-p-sav ]d-n-n-s-nepw CXv ]mWvUp-tcm-Ks ian-n-p--Xm-Wv. Cu tbmKw N{I-Z--nepw AjvSmw-K-kw-{K-l-n Cujt`-Z-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw ]d-n-p-v. AhnsS ^e{ipXnbn ]mWvUp-tcmK \mi-I-am-sWv ]d-n-pv.)

]ym-i-X-c-tk-]ym hrm iX-I-ev-hm
{]x kntm LrXmt]bx k ]mWvUzm-a-b-Kpa-\p.
]ym-Lr-Xw.
16

100--]ew ISp Ijmbw shs-Sp ck-n 50--I-Sp Ipcp-I-f--cp Ievw tNp 2-C-S-gn s\v ]mIw sNbvsX-Spp tkhn-m ]mWvUp-tcm-Khpw Kp\pw ian-pw.

Zymx iX-]-e-ctk ]njvssSo iem-Sp`nx
XZz {]tm-Lr-Xm kn-o-l-]m-WvUzn tim^-Pn.
Zn-Lr-Xw.
17

100--]ew \mK-Z-n-thcv 32--C-S-gn sh-n Ijmbw shp 8-C-S--gn-bm-n-sb-Spp 8-]ew \mK-Z-o-^-e-ns a Ievw tNp 2-C-S-gn s\v ]mIw-sN-bvsX-Spp tkhn-m ol-tcm-Kw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, tim^w Chsb Pbn-mw.

]pcmW knjx {]tm {Zmm {]-km-[nXx
Ima-em-Kpa ]mWvUzmn Pzc-ta-tlm-Z-cm-]lx.
{Zmm-Lr-Xw.
18

2-C-S-gn ]g-Inb s\v 8-]ew apn-cn Ievw tNp 8-C-S-gn sh-n ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. Cu s\v Ima-e, Kp, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, Pzcw, {]ta-lw, atlm-Zcw Chsb ian-n-pw.

lcn-{Zm-{Xn-^-em-\nw_ _em-a-[pI km[nXm
k ocw amlnjw knx Ima-em-l-c-ap--aw.
lcn-{Zm-Zn-Lr-Xw.
19

a, ISp-, Xm\n-, thntXm-ev, Ipdp-tm-n-th-cv, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, Ch Fmw-IqSn 4-]ew FSpp Iev-amn 1-C-S-gn Fcp-a-s\v 4-C-S-gn Fcp-a-m-en ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. Cu s\v Ima-esb ian-n-p-hm D-a-am-Ip-p.

tKmaq-{X-Zzn-Kp-tW-Zmo Im--Zz-b-kw-bpXx
Zmymx ]-]-e-IzmtY Ievt Imeo-btI ƒ]cx
amln-jm-Pyky Xp {]x ]qx ]qt-]-tc-]cx
kvt\ssl-tc-ssX-cp-]-{I-ay-kv\nKvw aXzm-hn-tc-N-tb
]b-km-aq-{X-bp-t\ _lpix tIh-te\ hm
Zo-^-e-ctk tImjvtW Imiva-cym-RvP-en-\m-irXw
{Zmm-RvPeow arZn-Xzmhm ZZym ]mWvUzm-a-bm-]lw
Zznicw {Xnhr-qw ]emw ss]nIx ]nt_.
20

cn-S-gn tKmaq-{X-n Ac-ew ac-a--tmev Ievw tNp Hcn-S-gn Fcp-a-s\v ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. 5-]ew ac-a--tmev Ijmbw shs-Sp ck-n Ac-ew Imc-In Ievw-tNp Hcn-S-gn Fcpa s\v ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. CXn BZyw ]d s\v ]mWvUp-tcm-K-n\pw cm-aXv ]d s\v Ima-epw \-Xm-Ip-p. Cu ]d kvt\lfpsS D]-tbm-Kw-sImv tcmKnv th-Xp-t]mse kv\nKvX hsv a\-n-em-bm hntc-Nn-n-Ww tKmaq{Xw tN ]mep-sImtm At\Iw {]mhiyw hntc-Nn-n-p-Ibpw thWw. \mK-Z-o-^ew Fn-cn sh-n Ijm-bw-shp \men-sem-mn ]ngn--cnp sNdp-Nq-tSmsS AXn \mep-]ew apn-cn sRcSn ]ngnp tNtm ]mWvUp-tcmKw ian-p-hm-\mbn hntc-N-\mw sImSp--Ww. Ac-ew XrtIm-ev]-Ip Nqw cn-cn ]-km-c-tNp NqSp-sh--n Ien ]n-{]-[m-\-\mb ]mWvUp-tcmKn hntc-N-\mw IpSn--Ww. (Cu ]d hntc-N-s\uj[--sfmw tZlmn _e-n--\p-k-cn-p am{X-\n--bnp sImSp-t--Xm-Wv.)

I^-]m-WvUpkvXp tKmaq-{X-bpmw nmw lco-XIow
Bc-Kz-[-c-tk-t\-tm hnZm-cym-a-e-Iky N
k {XyqjWw hnez-]{Xw ]nt_Zv hm Ima-em-]lw
Zy-]e Iw hm ZznKpWw ioX-hm-cn-Wm.
21

I^-]m-WvUp-tcm-K-n-em-Is ISp tKmaq-{X-n-e-cp IpSn--Ww. sIm-bpsS ^e-c-k-ntem Icn-n\o-cntem ]map-Xp-n Ing-ns ck-ntem s\n-m-kz-c-ntem ISp Acp IpSn--Ww. AYhm Iqh-f-n-e, Npv, apf-Iv, Xnen Ch tN-cp IpSn-Ww Ima-e-i-an-pw. AYhm Ac-ew \mK-Z-n-thcv Acp cn-c-n-sh-w-tNp XWp sh-n Ien IpSn-p-Itbm sN-Ww.

]nt_Zv hm Ima-em-hm \m {XnhrXmw {Xn^-em-ckx
hnimem {Xn^-em-apkvX IpjvT-Zmcp Ienw-K-Im
Itjman-Xm-\-Xn-hnjmw Ijm {]Zm-]-tb
Iju-a-[p-c-kmbm Zzu k-ta-X kJmw-_p\m
arZn-Xw-Xw-c-kw-]qXw ]oXzm-en-lym amnIw
Imkw-izmkw Pzcw-Zmlw ]mWvUp-tcm-K-a-tcm-NIw
Kpam-\m-lma hmXmw c-]n-- \mi-tb.
22

AYhm Ima-em-tcmKn {Xn^-e-I-jm-b-n {XntIm-ev]-Ip Nqw Ien IpSn--Ww. Imp-sh--cn-th-cv, {Xn^-e, ap-, sImw, tZh-Xm-cw, IpS-I-m-e-bcn Ch-sbmw aqp-I-g-n-ho-Xw, AXn-hn-S-bw, H-c--g-v, s]cp-p-dp--thcv cv Igv Ch-sb-mw-IqSn s]mSnp NqSp-sh--n Ien XpWn-bn Acn-s-Spp B ckw IpSn-nv AXn\p aosX tX tel\w tNbw-b-Ww. CuXv Imkw, izmk-tcm-Kw, Npp-\o-d, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, Acp-Nn, Kp hbdv hov, Ba-hmXw Ch-tbbpw c-]n--tbpw ian-n-pw.

{Xn^-embm KpUq-Nymhm Zmym-\n-_ky hm ckx
{]mXx {]mX-[p-bpXx ioenXx Ima-em-]lx
ocw aq{Xw-]n-t_ ]w-Khyw amlnj tahhm
]mWvUptKm-aq-{X-bpw hm k]vXmlw {Xn^-em-ckw
Xcp-Pm Pzen-Xm aqt{X-\nm-]ym-arZy Nmp-cm
amXp-epw-Kky X ]qXw ]mWvUp-tim-Y-lcw ]nt_.
23

{Xn^-e, Nnd-d-ar-Xv, ac-a-, thntXmev Ch-bn-te-sX-nepw Hns Ijm-b-n tXtNp-cm-hnse cmhnse D]-tbm-Knp ioen-m Ima-e-i-an-pw. ]mWvUp-tcmKn tKmaq-{Xhpw ]mepw-tNp ]Xn-\-p-Zn-h-kw-hsc IpSn--Ww. AYhm Fcp-a-mepw Fcp-a-aq-{Xhpw tNp ]Xn-\-p-Zn-hkw IpSn--Ww. AYhm tKmaq{Xw tNp {Xn^-em-ckw Ggp Znhkw IpSn-p-Itbm sN-Ww. amX-fn-\m-c-I-ns Xfn-cne Xo-\-enhmn tKmaq-{X-n Rcp-Sn-]n-gn--cnp B ckw IpSn--Ww. ]mWvUp-tcm-Khpw ti^hpw ian-pw. AYhm ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw-sImv Dmb tim^w ian-p-sa-p-aw.

{Xn^-embm KpUq-Nymhm Zmym-\n-_ky hm ckx
{]mXx {]mX-[p-bpXx ioenXx Ima-em-]lx
ocw aq{Xw-]n-t_ ]w-Khyw amlnj tahhm
]mWvUptKm-aq-{X-bpw hm k]vXmlw {Xn^-em-ckw
Xcp-Pm Pzen-Xm aqt{X-\nm-]ym-arZy Nmp-cm
amXp-epw-Kky X ]qXw ]mWvUp-tim-Y-lcw ]nt_.
24

NSz--n, {XntIm-ev]-Ip-, \mevtm]-Ip-, tZhXm Npv Ch \mep-]ew tKmaq-{X-n Ac-p-I-e-ntbm tKmaq-{X-n Ijm-b-am-ntbm IpSn--Ww. Cu acp-p-I tNp ]m-jm-b-ap-mn IpSn-p-Itbm sNmw. tZmjw hb-dn-f-In-tm-Ip--Xm-Wv.

lco-XIow aq{X-bpXmw {]tbm-tK-Wm-Yhm ]nt_
Po-o-tcW `pRvPoX a[p-tcW ctk\ hm
k]vX-cm{Xw Khmw aqt{X `mhnXw hm]y-tbm-cPx
]mWvUp-tcmK {]im-yw ]bkm ]mb-tbZv `njIv
25

AYhm ISp tKmaq-{X-n tNp cmhnse cmhnse IpSn--Ww. AXv Zln-m ]mIq-ntbm a[pc ck-{]m-b-amb amwk-ckw Iqntbm Blmcw Ign--Ww. AYhm ]mWvUp-tcmK ia-\mw Ggp Znhkw tKmaq-{X-n `mh\ sNbvsX-Sp teml Nqw ]men tNp sshZy tkhn-n--Ww.

{XqjW {Xn^-em-apkvX hnUwKw Nn{XImx kamx
\hm-tbm-l-Ptkm `mKm-kvX-qw a[p-knjm
`-tb ]mWvUp-lr-t{ZmK IpjvTmix Ima-em-]lw
\hm-bkw Nqw.
26

Npv, apf-Iv, Xn-en, ISp-, Xm\n-, s\n-, ap-, hngm-e-cn, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, Ch ka-am-sb-Spp s]mS-np Chbvp kaw teml-Nqhpw tNp bpn-t]mse am{X-\n--bnp tX\pw-s\pw tNp tkhn--Ww. ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, lrt{Zm-Kw, IpjvTw, Ai-v, Imae Ch ian-pw.

{Xn^emw {XyqjWw apkvXw hnUwKwNhy Nn{XIu
Zmo-XzMv amntIm [mXp{K-ntIm tZh-Zm-cpN
Gjmw Zzn]-en-Im `mKmw-qw Ipcym ]rY-Iv]r-YIv
aWvUqcw ZznKpWw NqvNv-Op--a-RvP-\-k-n`w
tKmaqt{X ƒjvS-KptW ]zm-X-Nqw {]n-t]]p\x
DZpw-_-c-k-am Ipcym ]S-Imw-kvXm bYm-n\m
D]-bp-RvPoX Xt{IW Pot kmy--t`m-P\w
aWvUqc hS-Im-tlytX {]mWZmx ]mWvUp-tcm-KnWmw
IpjvTm\y-P-cIw timY-aq-cp-kvXw`w I^m-a-bm
Aimw-kn-Im-aemw talw olm\w ia-b-n-N.
aWvUq-c-h-SImx.
27

ISp-, Xm\n-, s\n-, Npv apf-Iv, Xn-en, ap-, hngm-e-cn, Imp-ap-f-Inth-cv, sImSp-h-t]-cn-n-g-v, ac-a--tm-ev, amn-c--v, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, tZh-Xmcw Ch {]tXyIw {]tXyIw Cu cp ]ew hoXw FSpp s]mSnp shWw B Nq-ns cn-cn ]pcm-W-Inw tKmaq-{X-n ipn-sNbvXp ARvP-\-h-am-bm-se-Sp-p-s]m-Snp AXns Fncn tKmaq-{X-n tNp ]mIw-sNbvXp AXn BZyw FSp-p-sh Nqhpw tNp tbmPn-np hS-I-am-t-p ]mI-am-bm-se-Spp An-g {]am-W-n hS-I-am--Ww. B hS-Is An _e-n--\p-k-cnp tamcn tNp-]-tbm-Kn--Ww. AXv Zln-m kmy-amb Blmcw Ign--Ww. Cu aWvUqc ]S-I--fm-Is ]mWvUp-tcm-K-ap--hv tcmKw ian-p--Xp-sImv {]mWs\ \ne-\np--h-bm-Wv. CXv IpjvT-tcm-K-, Zl-\-an-mbvI tim^w, Ducp-kvXw-`w, I^-tcm-Kw, Ai-v, Ima-e, {]ta-lw, ol-tcmKw Chsb ian-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

KpU-\m-Kc aWvUqc Xnemw-im am\Xx kam
]neow ZzoKpWmw ZZym KpUnImw
]mWvUp-tcm-Kn-tW.
28

shw, Npv, ]pcm-W-In-w, Fv Ch ka-ambpw Xnen AXns cn-c-nbpw FSpp Kpfn-I-bmn ]mWvUp-tcm-Knv sImSp--Ww.

{Xn^-em-bm-kv{Xtbm `mKm-kv{Xb kv{XnI-Sp-I-kyN
`mK-n-{XI aqeky hnUw-Km\mw XssY-hN
]m-iva-X-Ppt\m `mKm-kvXYm cq]y-a-e-kyN
amn-I-kyN ipky eulky cP-k-kvXYm
AjvSu-`mKwx knXm-bm--X kw kqva NqnXw
amn-tI-Wm-pXw m]y-am-btk `mP-t\-ipt`
DZpw-_c kamw-am-{Xmw-XXx JmtZZv bYm-n\m
Znt\ Znt\ {]tbm-tKW Pot-t`mPyw btY-]vknXw
h-bnXzm Ipe-mw ImI-amNow It]m-X-Im
tbmK-cmP CXn-Jym-tXm-tbmtKm ƒb-a-ar-tXm-]ax
ckm-b-\-anZw t{ijvTw k-tcmK lcw-inhw
]mWvUp-tcmK hnjw Imkw bvamWw hnj-a-Pzcw
IpjvTm-\y-P-c-Iw-talw izmkw-lnm atcm-NIw
hnti-jm--y-]-kvamcw Imaemw KpZ-Pm-\n-N.
tbmK-cmPx
29

{Xn^e 3-`m-Kw, sImSp-th-cn-n-gv 1-`m-Kw, hngm-ecn 1-`m-Kw, IZw 5-`m-Kw, shn-`kvaw (c-P-X-am-n-I-`-kvaw) 5-`m-Kw, kz-am-n-I-`kvaw 5-`m-Kw, teml-`kvaw 5-`m-Kw, ]-kmc 8-`mKw Ch-sb-mw-IqSn \-hw s]mSnp tX tNp tbmPn-np \-hr-n-bp Ccp-ns ]m{X-n-emn sh-Ww. AXn-\p-tijw aqp-I-gn hoXtam An-_-e-n--\p-k-cntm cmhnse cmhnse tkhn--Ww. AXv Zln-m apXn-c, Icn--m-fn, {]mhns amwkw Ch-sbm-gnv CjvS-ap Blmcw Ign--Ww. tbmK-cm-P F t]cn {]kn--amb Cu tbmKw Aar-Xn\v Xpey-am-Wv. t{ijvT-am-b-c-km-b-\-am-Wv. Fm-hn[ tcmK--tfbpw lcnpw awK-f-I-c-amWv ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, hnjw, Imkw, bw, hnj-a-Pz-cw, IpjvTw, APow {]ta-lw, izmk-tcm-Kw, Fn-, AcpNn Ch-tbbpw hnti-jn-nv A]-kvamcw Ima-e, Aiv Ch-tb-bpwb Cu tbmK-cm-P-h-SIw ian-n-pw.

IuSP {Xn^-em-\nw_ ]tSme L\-\m-Ksscx
`mhn-Xm\n Zim-lm\n csskZzn {XnKp-Wm-\nNm
Pnem-PXp ]em-\yjvSu XmhXo knX-icm
Xzvjoco ]neo [m{Xo-I-SmJymw ]teman-Xm-
\n-ZnKvym ^e-aqem`ymw ]ew bpym-{X-K-Iw
a[p-{Xn-^e kwbpw Ipcym-Z--k-am KpUm
ZmUn-amw-_p-]bx ]n-c-km-Xmb kqcm-k-hm
Xm `-bn-Xzm\p ]nt_-n-cv A`q Ghhm
]mWvUp IpjvT Pzc-ol Xa-Imtim `K--cm
]qXn-lr-p{I aq{Xmn tZmj-timY Ktcm-Z-cm
Imkm-kr-KvZc ]om-kr-IvtOm-j-Kpa Kfm-a-bm
tXN kcz-{h-Wml\ypx kh-tcm-K-lcmx inhmx
inem-P-Xp-h-SImx.
30

IpS-I-m-e-thtm-ev, {Xn^-e, thntXm-ev, Imp-]-tSm-ew, ap-, Npv, Cuh-sbmw IqSn shp-m-nb Ijm-b-c-kw-sImv ]p-Zn-h-ktam Ccp-]Xv Znh-ktam `mh-\-sN-bvsX-Sp IZw 8-]ew ]-kmc 8-]-ew, apf-q-cw, Xn-en, s\n I-S-irwKn Ch Hmtcm-]-ew, sNdp-h-Zn-\p-bpsS Imbpw thcp-IqSn 1-]-ew, Ge--cn, Ce-hw-Kw, ]ne Ch bpn-{]-Im-chpw FSpp Fmw-IqSn s]mSn-bmn 3-]-ew-tX tNp tbmPn-np Xm\nm {]amWw Kpfn-I-bm-Ww B Kpfn-I-Isf Hmtcm-mbn `n-nv AXn-\p-aosX Ddp-am--g-c-kw, ]m ]n-amw-k-c-kw, shw, kpc, Bkhw Ch-bn-te-sX-nepw IpSn--Ww. Blmcw Ign-m-sXtbm Blmcw Ign-n-p-X-stbm CXv tkhn-m-hp--Xm-Wv. ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, IpjvTw, Pzcw, ol-tcm-Kw, Xa-I-izm-kw, Ai-v, `K--cw, ico-c-ZpK-w, lrt{Zm-Kw, ip-tZm-jw, aq{X-tZm-jw, PT-cm-n-tZm-jw, tim^w, Iqp-hn-jw, atlm-Zcw, Imkw, Akr-KvZ-cw, c-]n-w, bw, Kp, Kf-tcm-K- Ch-tbbpw k-hn[ {hW--sfbpw CXv ian-n-pw. k-tcm-K--tfbpw lcn-pw. awK-f-I-c-hp-am-Wv.

]p\hm {Xnhr-Zvthymj hnUwKw Zmcp-Nn-{XIw
IpjvTw lcn-t{Z-{Xn-^em Zo-Nhyw Ienw-KImx
ISp-Im-]n--eo-aqew apkvX-tXn ]temanXw
aWvUqcw ZznKpWw NqmZv tKmaqt{X ZvhymV-tI-]-tN
tIme-h KpUnImx IrXzm-X-t{I-Wm-tem-V-tI-]-tN
Xmx ]mWvUp-tcmKw olm-\-a-imwkn hnj-a-Pzcw
izbjpw {Kl-Wo-tZmjw l\yx IpjvTw {Inaow-kvXYm
Bt{X-tbW ]p\hm aWvUqcw Ion-Xw-]-cw.
]p\hm aWvUq-cw.
31

sXgp-Xm-a-th-cv, {Xn-tIm-ev]-Ip-, Npv, apf-Iv, Xn-en, hngm-e-cn, tZh-Xm-cw, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, sImw, a, ac-a--tm-ev, {Xn^-e, \mK-Z-n-th-cv, Imp-ap-f-Inth-cv, IpS-I-m-e-b-cn, ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, Imp-Xn--en-thcv ap Ch Hmtcm-]ew Ch Fmw IqSn-b-Xns Ccn ItKm-aq-{X-n ipn-sNbvX ]pcm-W-In--`kvaw 16--C-S-gn tKmaq-{X-n ]Nnp ]noSv ]p\-hmZn Huj-[--fpsS Nqw tNp tbmPn-n-NXvNp KpfnI Dcp-t ]mI-am-bm-se-Spp e-pcp {]amWw Kpfn-I-bm-n-bnv tamcn Ien tcmKn IpSn--Ww. Cu Kpfn-I-I ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, ol-tcm-Kw, Ai-v, hnj-a-Pz-cw, tim^w, {Kl-Wo-tZm-jw, IpjvTw, Iran Chsb \in-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. Bt{X-b-\m ]d-b-s Cu ]p\hm aWvUqcw Gd-dhpw t{ijvT-am-b-Xm-Wv.

Zmo-XzIv {Xn^em thymj hnUwK ab-tkm-cPx
a[p-kn-cyXw enlym Imaem ]mWvUp-tcm-K-hm
Xpeym Atbm-cPx ]pym-lm-cn{Zmx u{Z-knjm
NqnXmx Ima-eo-eo-lym KpU-u-t{ZW hm `bmw
{Xn^-em-tZz-l-cn-t{ZN ISp-tcm-ln-Wy-tbm-cPx
NqnXw a[p-kn`ymw tel-tb Ima-em-]lw
32

ac-a--tm-ev, {Xn^-e, {XnI-Sp, hngm-ecn Ch kaw s]mSnp kaw teml-`-kwaw tNp tX\nepw s\nepw Ipgp Ima-em-tcm-K-ap--h\pw ]mWvUp-tcm-K-ap--h\pw tel\w sN-Ww. teml-`-kvaw, ISp-m-Nqw, aNqw Ch kaw FSpp tX\pw s\pw tNp Ima-em-tcmKn tkhn--Ww. AYhm ISp-m-Nqw tX\pw s\pw tNp Ima-em-tcmKn tkhn--Ww. {Xn^-e, a, ac-a--tm-ev, ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, teml-`kvaw Ch kaw s]mSnp tX\pw s\pw tNp tel\w sNWw Imae ian-pw.

Zzn]-emwimw XpKm-ocnw \mKcw a[p-b-jvSnImw
{]mnIow ]neow {Zmmw i-cm-Xpemw XYm
[m{Xo-^-e-c-k-t{ZmtW NqnXw tel-h]-tN
ioXma[p {]-bp-Xm enlym ]mWn-Xew XXx
leo-aIw ]mWvUp-tcmKw Ima-em-ssh \mi-tb.
[m{Xym-h-te-lx.
33

apf-q-cw, Npv, Cc-n-a-[pcw Ch cp-]ew hoXw, Xnen 16--]-ew, apn-cn 16--]-ew, ]-kmc 50--]-ew, Ch \-hw s]mSnp 32 CS-gn s\n-m-kz-c-k-n tNp telyw-t]mse ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. XWn-m 2-C-S-gn tX tNp tbmPn-n--Ww. AXn\nv Im ]ew hoXw FSpp tel\w sN-Ww. leo-a-I-tbpw ]mWvUp-tcm-K-tbpw Ima-e-tbbpw AXv \in-n-pw.

XyqjWw {Xn^-emw-Nhyw Nn{XIw tZe-ZmcpN
hnUw-Km-\yY apkvX h-I-tXn Nqtb
aWvUq-c-Xpeyw Nq-p-tKm-aqt{X ƒjvS-Kp-tW-]-tN
iss\x kv\nKvm-kvXYm ioXmx Imcymx Ij-kam KpUmx
bYmn `-Wo-bmkvtX ol ]mWvUzm-a-bm-]lwx
{Kl-Wytim\p Zssh X{I-hm-Sym-in\x kvarXmx
aWvUq-c-h-S-Im.
34

Npv, apf-Iv, Xn-en, ISp-, Xm\n-, s\n-, Imp-ap-f-Inth-cv, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, tZh-Xm-cw, hngm-e-cn, ap-, IpS-I--e-bcn Ch kaw FSpp s]mSn-bm--Ww. Cu s]mSn-bpsS kaw, tKmaq-{X-n ipn-sNbvX ]pcm-W-In `kwaw FSpp BsI IqSn-b-Xns Fn-cn tKmaq-{X-n tNp ]mIw sN-Ww. kmh-[m-\-n ]mIw-sNbvXp km{-]m-I-am-bm {Xyqj-Wm-Zn-I-fpsS Nqw tNp tbmPn-np XWn-m aqp-I-g-n-hoXw Kpfn-I-bm--Ww. Cu Kpfn-I-I An-_-e-n--\p-k-cnp tkhn--Ww. ol-tcm-Kw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, {Kl-Wo-tcm-Kw, Atim-tcm-Kw, Ch ian-pw. CXv tkhn-p-tm tamcpw bhm-hpw Ign--Ww.

{Zmm-l-cn{Zm anjvSm _em-aq-em-\y-tbm-cPx
tem{-ss-tX-jp-KuUx kymZ-cnjvSx ]mWvUp-tcm-KnWmw

KutUm ƒcnjvSx
35

apn-cn-, a, a-n-tm-ev, Ipdp-tm-n-thcv teml-`-kvaw, ]mm-d-dn-tmev Ch kaw FSpp s]mSn s]mSn-bpsS \men-cn shw tNp BsI IqSn-b-Xns \men-cn sh-n Ien s\v ]qinb ]m{X-n-em-n-shp 15--Zn-hkw Ign-m-se-Sp--cnp tkhn--Ww. Cu KuUm-cnjvSw ]mWvUp-tcm-Kn-Iv Gd-dhpw \-Xm-Ip-p.

_oP-Im tjmU-i-]ew {Xn^-em-bm hnwiXnx
{Zmmbmx ]-em-mbmx k]vX-t{ZmtW Pe-ky-X
kmyw ]mZm-h-ti-tjN ]qXn-iotX {]Zm-]-tb
i-cm-bm-Xpemw {]w u{Zw ZZym ImjnIw
thymj hym{L-\-tJm-iocw {Iap-Iw-sske hmepIw
a[pIw IpjvT-an-tXy-X-qnXw LrX-t`m-Pt\
bthjp Zi-cm-{Xw {KojvtaZznx inin-tc-nXw
]nt_XZv {Kl-Wo-]m-WvUp-tcm-Kmix tim^-Kp-eva-\p
aq{X-Ir-{-iva-co-tal Imaem kn-]m-X-\p
_oP-Im-cnjvS Gsshj Bt{X-tbW {]Ion-Xx.
_oP-Im-cn-jvSw.
36

th-m-X 16--]-ew, {Xn^ew 20--]ew apn-cn 5-]-ew, tIme-cv 7-]ew Ch-sb-mw-IqSn 32--C-S-gn sh-n Ijm-bw-thp \men-sem-m-bm-se-Sp--cnp XWn-m 100--]ew ]-km-cbpw cn-S-gn tX\pw Npv apf-Iv, Xn-en, ]pen-p-h-Snth-cv, cma-w, Ifn-b-S-, Gem-hm-ep-Iw, Ccn--q-hv, sImw Ch apqp Ign-n-hoXw FSpp s]mSn s]mSnbpw tNp tbmPn-np Hcp s\v ab-nb ]m-{X-n-emn hmbv s]mXn-sIn bh-[m-\y-n {Kojva-E-Xp-hn 10--Zn-h-khpw inin-c-E-Xp-hn 20--Zn-h-khpw m]n--Ww. 30--Zn-hkw Ign-m-se-Sp--cnp IpSn--Ww. AXv {Kl-Wo-tcm-Kw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, Ai-v, tim^w, Kp Ch-tbbpw aq{X-Ir-{w, Aiva-cn, {]ta-lw, Ima-e, kn-]mXw Ch-tbbpw ian-n-pw. Cu _oP-Im-cnjvSw Bt{X-b-\m D]-tZ-in--s--Xm-Ip-p.

[m{Xo-^e klt{k tZz ]oU-bn-Xzm-c-kw-`n-jIv
u{Zm-jvS-`mKw ]n-eym-qm IqU-hm-bpXw
im-cm Xpteman{iw ] kv\nKv LtS-nXw
{]]n-t_ am{Xbm {]mXPot lnX-an-Xm-i\x
Ima-em-]mWvUp lrt{ZmK hmXm-kr-Kzn-ja Pzcm
Imk-ln-m-cpNn izmkm-t\tjm ƒcnjvSx {]Wm-i-tb
[m{Xy-cnjvSx
37

2000--s\-n CSn-p-]n-gnp ck-sa-Spp AXn AXns Fn-sem-cp-`mKw tX\pw 2-]ew Xnen Nqhpw 50--]ew ]-km-cbpw tNp tbmPn-np s\v ab-nb ]m{X-n-emn hmbvs]m-Xn-sIn 15--Zn-hkw kqn-p-sh--Ww. 15--Zn-hkw Ign-m-se-Sp--cnp bpn-t]mse am{X \n-bnp cmhnse cmhnse skhn--Ww. CXv Zln-m lnXhpw anX-hp-amb Blmcw Ign--Ww. Cu [m{Xym-cnjvSw Ima-e, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, lrt{Zm-Kw, c-hm-Xw, hnj-a-Pz-cw, Imkw, Fn-, Acp-Nn, izmk-tcmKw Chsb ian-n-pw.

ncm-Zn`nx irXw-tXmbw ]m\m-lmtc {]i-kytX
]mWvUp\mw Ima-emm\mw arZzo-Im-a-e-ImZv ckx.
38

sNdp-]--aq-ew-sIm-p-m-nb Ijm-bhpw apn-cn-m-c-khpw s\n-m-c-khpw ]mWvUp-tcm-Kn-Ipw Ima-em-tcm-Kn-Ipw IpSn-p-hm\pw Blm-c-nU tNp-]-tbm-Kn-p-hm\pw \-Xm-Ip-p.

]mWvUp-tcmK {]im-y anZ-apw NnInkn-Xw.
hnI-ev]y-ta-X `njPm ]rY-KvtZm-j-_ew {]Xn.
kvt\l-{]mbw ]h-\tP Xn-io-Xp ss]ntI
jvssatI ISp-cq-tmjvWw an{iw-kym kn-]m-XntI
\njm-]m-X-tb--co-cm Xp arnImw `n-Xmw-`n-jIv
bpx tim[-ss\-kvXovssWx {]k-aoy _em-_ew
ip-Im-bky kowjn _em-[m-\m\n tbmP-tb.
39

]mWvUp-tcmK ia-\-n-\mbn ChnsS ]d-b-s-n-cn-p Cu NnIn-sb tZmjm-[n-Iy-n--\p-k-cnp {]tXyIw {]tXyIw thXn-cn-nv sshZy-\m {]tbm-Kn--s-tS--Xm-Wv. hmXm-[n-Iy-ap ]mWvUp-tcm-K-n IqSp-X kvt\l-{Zhyw {]tbm-Kn-p-sIm-p NnIn-bpw ]nm-[n-Iy-ap--Xn-em-Is Ibv]v ck-ap-Xpw ioX-ho-cy-ap--Xp-amb Huj-[-fpw I^m-[n-Iy-ap--Xn ISp-cq-tmjvW KpW--fp--Xmb Huj-[-fpw {XntZm-j-P-\y-amb ]mWvUp-tcm-K-n Ch-sb-mw-Iq-Sn--ep NnIn-bpw \-Xm-Ip-p. bpn-bp sshZy, ap-Xn-p--Xp-sIm-p-mb ]mWvUp-tcm-K-n tcmKn-bpsS _em-_ew t\mn-bnv XovWu-j-[-sIm-p tim[\ {]tbm-K--fm Xn ans\ ]pd-tv t]m-Ww. AXp-sImv ico-c-ip-n-h--h\v _esbpm-p LrX-tbm-K-sf {]tbm-Kn--Ww.

thymjw hnezw-l-cn-t{ZtZz {Xn^em tZz]p-\th
apkvXm-\y-tbm-cPx ]mTmw hnUwKw tZh-Zm-cpNp
hrn-Im-foN `mMo N ko-ssckvssXx irXw-LrXw
km[-bnXzm ]nt_ bpym-htcm artm-j-]o-UnXx
XZztI-k-c-jvSm-bmlz ]n-eo-oc imZpssex
40

Npv, apf-Iv, Xn-en, Iqh-f--th-cv, a ac-a--tm-ev, ISp-, Xm\n-, s\n-, shfp sXgp-Xm-a-thcv, ap-, teml-`-kvaw, ]mS-n-g-v, hngm-e-cn, tZh-Xm-cw, tX-S-th-cv, tNdp-tX-nthcv Ch Iev-amn Iev-ns \men-cn s\pw s\ns \men-cn ]mepw tNp s\v ]mIw-sN-bvsX-Sp-nv av Xn tZmjw-sImv ZpxJn-p a\p-jy bpym-\p-kcw tkhn--Ww. AXp-t]mse \mK-q-hv, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, Xn-en, Idp-I-pv Ch Iev-amn ]mepw-tNp ImN-XvNn-sb-Sp-p s\pw av Xnp tZmj-sf ian-n-p--Xm-Wv.

arZv`--Wm-Zm-Xp-cky eueym-Zhn \nhn\x
tZzjmt `mhn-Xmw-Imaw ZZym Xtmj \miss\x
hnUw-ssK-emXn hnj-bm-\nw-_-]-t{XW ]mTbm
hmmssIx ISp-tcm-lnWym IuS-ssP aq-bm-]nhm
bYm-tZmjw {]IpoX t`jPw ]mWvUp-tcm-KnWmw
{Inbm-hn-tij Gtjm ƒky-atXm tlXp-hn-ti-jXx.
41

av Xnp ]mWvUp-tcmKn av Xnp-hm-\p B{K-l-n\nv ]nXn-cn-bp-n-s-n Ah\v av `n-p--Xn shdp-p-m-p-hm\pw AXns tZmjw \in-n-p-hm-\p-ambn hngm-e-cn, Ge--cn, AXn-hn-S-bw, thn-e, ]mS-n-g-v, sNdp-h-Zn\n thcv, ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, IpS-I-m-e-b-cn, s]cp-p-dp thcv Ch-bn-te-sX-nepw Hns Ijm-b-n `mh-\-sN-bvsX-Sp av CjvSw-t]mse Xnm sImSp--Ww. ans tZmj-n--\p-k-cn-p Huj[w ]mWvUp-tcm-Kn-Iv sImSp-p-Ibpw thWv. (A-Xm-bXv Nhv ck-ap av Xnp--Xp-sIm-p-m-bn-p ]mWvUp-tcm-K-n ]n-P-]m-WvUp-tcmK NnIn-bpw a[p-c-ap av Xnp--Xp-sIm-p-mb ]mWvUp-tcm-K-n I^-P-]m-WvUp-tcmK NnInkbpw sN-W-sa-w. (Cu ]d-b-s-Xv avXn--Xp-sIm-p-mb ]mWvUp-tcm-K-ns tlXp-hn-ti-j-n--\p-k-cn-p {Inbm-hn-ti-j-am-Ip-p.

Xne-]n-jvS-\n`w bkvXp Ima-em-hm krtPaew
tjva-Wm-cp--amw Xw I^-]n--l-ssc Ptb.
42

Ima-em-tcmKn F-c--Xp-t]m-te-bp aew hnkn-p-p-s-n KpZ-amw I^w-sImv XS-n-p-sv a\-n-em--Ww. AXns\ I^-]n--l-c--fmb Huj-[--tf-smv ian-n--Ww.

cq-io-X-Kpcp kzmZp hymbm-ssatK \n{Ksslx
I^ kwaq-n-tXm-hmbpx m\m]nw nt]-Zv_eo
lmcn-{Z-t\-{X-aq-{X-XzIv tizX-hm-kvX-Zm-\cx
`th kmtSm] hnjvSwt`m KpcpWm lrZ-tb\ N
Zu_-eym]mn ]mizmn-lnm Imkm-cp-Nn-Pzsscx
{Ita-Wmt]\ ktPyX ]nt imJm-k-am-{in-tX.
43

cqw, ioXw, Kpcp, a[pcw Fo {Zhy--fpsS IqSp-X-em-bp D]-tbm-Kw-sImpw sXd-dmb hymbmaw sImpw ae-aq-{Xm-Zn-sh-K-sf XS-bp-I-sImpw Ip]n-X-amb hmbp I^s tIm]n-np AtXm-Sp-IqSn _e-hm-\mbn ]ns m\-n\nv ]d-tv hym]n-n-p--Xm-Wv. Atm B a\p-jys t\{Xw, aq{Xw, Nw Ch a-\n-d-ambpw aew sh-\n-d-am-bp-an-cn-pw. hb-dn-c--tem-Sp-IqSn hmbp kvXw`hpw lrZ-b-n\v `mc-hp-ap-m-Ipw. kzm-\-p-\nv ]pdw-X--s--Xp-sImv imJ-Isf B{i-bn-n-cn-p ]nw {ItaW kzm-\v Ipd-p-h-cp-tm Zp_-e-X, An-am-yw, ]miz-th-Z-\, Fn-, Imkw, Acp-Nn, Pzcw Fo D]-{Z-h--fp-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw.

_ln-Xn-ncn ZmWmw cqm-amf ISpssIx csskx
ipjvI-aq-eI Iue-sscyp-ssj-m-m\n t`mP-tb
amXp-fpw-K-ckw u{Zw ]neo aco-Nm-\znXw
k\m-Kcw ]nt_ ]nw XYm-sskyXn kzam-i-bw.
44

ta-d D]-{Z-h--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Ima-em-tcm-Knsb kvt\l-{Z-hy- tNmsX cqX hcp-nbpw ]pfn-c-khpw Fcphv ckhpw tNp-m-nb abn Xnn-cn--n, tImgn Fn-h-I-fpsS amwk-c-khpw DW-nb ap-n-sIm-p-m-nb bqjhpw apXn-c-sIm-p-m-nb bqjhpw Iqn Blmcw Ign-n--Ww. amX-fn-\m-c--\o-cv, tX, Xn-en, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Npv Ch tNp IpSn--Ww. A{]-Imcw sNbvXm Ahs ]nw imJ-I-fn-tev t]mImsX kzw Bi-b-n-tev t]mIp--Xm-Ip-p.

ISp-Xo-vssWkvXp eh-ssW`qtbm ƒavssf-m-]yp-]-{Iax
B ]n-tcm-Km IrtXm-hm-tbmm {]i-amZv `th
kzm-\-am-KtX ]nt-ate ]nm-\p-c-RvPntX
\nhr-tm-]-{Z-h-kymky ]qx Ima-en-tIm-hn[nx
45

lmcn-{Z-t\{X aq{Xm-Zn-I ian-p--Xp-h-tcbpw tIm]n hmbp ian-p--Xp-h-tcbpw ISp--Xo-vW--A---e-h-W-{Z-hy--tfsm-p NnInk XpSp sN-Ww. ]nw kzm-\s {]m]n-p-Ibpw aew kz-h-n-em-hp-Ibpw D]-{Z-h--sfms ian-p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn-\p-tijw Ch\v tim[yx kymr-Zp-`n-kv\nss Fv apv ]d--Xp-{]-Im-c-ap Imae NnInk sN-Ww.

bZmXp ]mWvtUmx kym-cnXx iymh-]o-XIx
_temkml b-kvX{m am-nXzw arZp-Pzcx
kv{Xojm-ltjm ƒwK-a izmk kvXrjvWm-cp-No`qax
leo-aIw XZm-Xky hnZym-Z-\ne ]nXx.
46

Ftm ]mWvUp-tcm-Kn-bpsS hw lcn-Xw, (\o-ebpw abpw Ie \ndw), iymaw (I-dppw abpw Ie \ndw), Ch-bm-hp-Ibpw _ew, Dkmlw Ch bn-p-Ibpw aSn, An-am-yw, sNdnb ]\n, kv{Xo hnj-b-n ktm-j-an-m-bva, ico-c-n apgp-h thZ-\, izmk-tcm-Kw, Zmlw, Acp-Nn, Xe-Np-d-d Ch-bp-m-hp-Ibpw sNp-pthm Atm AXnv len-aIw Fv ]d-bp-p. CXv hmX-]n--P-\y-am-bp-m-Ip--Xm-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

KpUq-No-kz-c-k-e-oc km[nXw amln-jw-LrXw
k ]nt_ {XhrXmw kv\nKvtm-c-tk\m ae-I-kyXp
hncntm a[p-c-{]mbw `tP ]nm-\n-em-]lw
{Zmm-te-l ]qtmw knwjn a[p-cm-WnN
bm]-\m oc-h-kvXow ioe-tb km\p-hm-k\w
amZzo-Im-cn-jvS-tbm-Kmw ]nt_-Zyp-ymn hrtb
Imkn-I-m-`-bm-telw ]neow a[q-Iw-_emw
]b-kmN {]bp-oX bYm-tZmjw bYm-_-ew.
47

leo-a-I-tcm-K-ap--h Nnd-d-ar-Xn\ocpw ]mepw tNp Imnb s\v IpSn--Ww. AXp-sImv kv\nKvX h leo-a-I-tcmKn {XntIm-ev]-Ip Nqw s\n-m-\o-cn tNp hntc-N-\mw IpSn--Ww. th-Xp-t]mse hnsc-N-\-ap-m-bm a[pcw IqSp-X-ep-Xpw ]n-hm-X-sf ian-n-p--Xp-amb Blmcw Ign--Ww. apv ]d {Zmm-te-ly-tbpw a[p-cu-j-[- tNp-Im-nb LrX--tfbpw knn-m-\-n ]d bm]-\-h-kvXn-I-tfbpw oc-h-kvXn-I-tfbpw kvt\h-kvXn-I-tfbpw ioen-p-sIm-n-cn--Ww. {Zmm-cn-jvStam An hn-p-hm-\mbn ad-d-cn-jvS-tfm bpn-t]mse IpSn-p-sImIbpw thWw. Imk NnInk-bn ]d A`-bm-telw tkhn-p-Ibpw sNmw. Xn-en, Cc-n-a-[pcw Ipdp-tm-n-thcv Chsb tZmjm-[n-Iy-n--\p-k-cnpw _e-n--\p-k-cn-pw ]men tNp {]tbm-Kn-p-Ibpw thWw.

X{X-tmIu

]mWvtUmx ]-hn-[-tkymw tlXp-e--W-t`-jPw
Imaem Zznhn[m tXjmw kmym kmym-Xz-tah N
tXjmw hnIt]m-b-mt\ym alm-hym-[nl-eo-aIx
Xky-tNmw kam-tk\ eWw k NnInknXw
48

Ap-hn-[-n ]d-b-s ]mWvUp-tcm-K--fp-tSbpw cphn[ Ima-e-I-fp-tSbpw tlXp, e-Ww, NnInk, kmym-km-yXzw Chbpw ]mWvUp-tcm-K-nscbpw Ima-e-bp-tSbpw hI-t`-Z-amb leo-aIw F alm-hym-[n-bpsS e-Whpw NnInk-bpw Npcpnepw Cu Aym-b-n ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-p.

CXy-n-thi IrtX-Xt{ Nc-I-{]Xn kwkvIrtX ƒ{]m]vtX ZrV-_e
{]Xn-kw-kvIrtX NnIn-n-X-mt\ ]mWvUp-tcmK
NnIn-n-Xw-\ma tjmUtim ƒymbx

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