Aymbw  17

lnm izmk NnIn-nXw

tmI x

1 - 15

AYmtXm lnm-izmk NnInknXw hymJym-kymax
CXn-l-kvaml `K-hm-\m-t{Xbx.
1

C\n Fn-pw izmk-tcm-K-n-\p-ap NnIn-sb {]Xn-]m-Zn-p Aym-bs Bt{X-b-`-K-hm D]-tZ-in--Xp-{]-Im-cw-Xs An-th-i-a-ljn hnh-cn-p-p-v.

thZ-tem-Im XXz--am-t{Xb arjn-ap-aw
A]r- kwibw [oam-\-n-thix IrX-RvPenx
b Cta-Zzn-hn[mx t{]mmkv{Xn tZmjmkv{Xn {]tIm-]-Wmx
tcmKmWmw hnhn-[m-kvtXjmw IkvtXm-`-hXn Zpbx
2

sshZo-Im-n-sbpw euIn-Im-n-sbpw XXzs Adn-bp Ejn-t{i-jvT-\mb Bt{Xb `K-hm-t\mSv _pn-am-\mb An-thi aljn sXmgp-Xp-sImv Xs kwibw tNmZnp Atbm `K-hmt\! kuaym-tb t`Zw-sImpw AYhm \nPm-Kp t`Zw-sImpw ico-c-am-\-k-t`-Zw-sImpw cp-hn-[-n-embpw hmX--]n---I-^-tZm-j-P-\y-ambpw Akm-ty-{nb kwtbm-Kw, {]m-]-cm-[w, ]cn-Wmaw Fo aqp-hn[ {]tIm-]-W--tf-smpw Nne tcmK- \m\m-hn-[-n-em-bp-mIpsap ]d-b-s-pthm B tcmK--fpsS CS-bn GsXmw Akm-y-am-bn-o-cpp Fv D]-tZ-inp Xm-epw.

CXy-n-th-i-ky-hNx {ipXzm-a-Xn-a-Xmw-hcx
DhmN ]c-a-{]oXx ]c-am hn\n-bw
Imaw {]mW-l-cm-tcmKm _lthm \XptX XYm
bYm-izm-k lnm N {]mWm-\mip \nIr-Xx
Ass\y-c-]yq-]-kr-jvSky tcmssKPtmx ]rY-Kznss[x
At kRvPm-btX lnm-izm-tkmhm Xo{h -th-Z-\x
I^-hm-Xm--Im-thXu ]n-m\p kap-hu
lrZ-bky ckm-Zo\mw [mXq-\m-tm] timjWu
Xkvam km[m-cWm thXu-a-Xu-aa kpZpbu
aotYym-]-Nm-cnXu {Ipu-lX Bio-hn-jm-hnh
]rY-Iv] hn[m-thXu \nnjvSu tcmK-kw-{Ktl
Xtbmx irWp-k-ap-m\w enwK k`n-j-KvPn-Xw.
3

C{]-Imcw An-th-is hmv tInv _pn-am-m-cn t{ijvT-\mb Bt{X-b-`-K-hm Gd-dhpw ktm-j-hm-\mbn B{K-ln--Xp-t]m-se-bp ]c-am \ni-N-bs D]-tZ-in-psImSpp {]mW-lm-\n-h-cp-p--Xmb PzcmXn kmcmZn tcmK- At\-I-apv Ah-bm-Is W-n ]mc-W-lm\n hcp-p--X-. izmk-tcm-Khpw Fn-bpw W-n {]mW-lm\n hcp-p--Xm-Wv. Pzcm-Xn-km-cmZn \m\m-hn-[-n-ep addv tcmK--fm B{I-an--s-Sp Pohn-Iv Ay \nan-j-n Fntbm ITn-\-th-Z-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb izmk-tcm-Ktam Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. Cu izmkhpw Fn-bpw I^-hm-Xw-sIm-p-m-Ip-Xpw ]n-m-\-n \np--hn-p-Xpw lrZ-b-ns {]mW-t]m-j-I--fmb c-km-Zn-[m-Xp-sf timjn-n-p--Xp-am-Ipp. AXp-sImv izmk-tcm-Khpw Fn-bpw an-hmdpw IjvS-km-y-am-sW-mWv Fs A`n-{]m-bw. Cuh cpw th-Xp-t]mse NnInkn-m--Xp-sImv hn-p--Xm-bm t{Im[n kw {]mW-lm\n hcp-p--Xp-t]mse {]mW-lm\n hcp-p--Xm-Wv. Fn-bpw izmk-tcm-Khpw Ap-hn-[-n-em-sWv {]tXyIw {]tXy-I-ambn kq{X-m-\-n ]d-n-p-v. (a-tlmz-On--X-a-I-p{Zmx CXn ]-izm-kmx, alXn Kw`ocm hyt]Xm p{Zm NmPm CXn ]-ln-m.) Ah-bpsS \nZm-\w, e-Ww, NnInk Ch ]d-p-X-cmw tIp-[-cn-p-sImI.

cP-km-[q-a-hm-Xm`ymw ioX-m-\mw_p tkh-\m
hymbm-am-Zv{Kmay [m-[z-cq-m hnj-am-i-\m
Ba-{]-tZmjm Zm\m-lmZv cuym-Z-Xy-]-X-Wm
am-`n-Lm-XmZv Zu_-eymZv Zzzm-p-yXn tbmKXx
AXn-kmc Pzc-n {]Xn-iymb X--Xm
c-]n-m-Zp-Zm-hmZv hnjq-Ny-e-k-Im-Z]n
]mWvUp-tcm-KmZv hnjm-ssh tcmKm-thXu {]tcm-lXx
\njv]m-h-amj ]nWymI Xne-ssXe \ntj-h-Wm.
]njvS-im-eqI hnjvSw`o hnZm-ln-Kpcp t`mP-\m
Pe-Pm-\o] ]nin-X-Z-ym-a-oc tkh-\m
A`n-jy-yp-]-Nm-cm ivtfjva-em-\m tkh-\m
IWvtTm-ctkmx {]Xo-Lm-XmZv hn_-ss ]rY-Kznss[x
amcpXx {]mW-hm-ln\n t{kmXmw-kym-hniy Ip]yXn
DckvXx I^-ap-qb lnm-izm-km Itcm-XyY
tLmcm {]mtWm-]-tcm-[mb {]mWn\mw ]-]--N.
4

s]mSn, ]pI, Imddv Ch Gevp-I-sImpw ioX--e-p hmkw-sImpw AXn-io-X-Pew D]-tbm-Kn-p-I-sImpw sXd-dmb hymbm-aw-sImpw th-hn-[-n-e-m ssaYp\w sImpw hgn-\-Sw sImpw hnj-am-i-\w-sImpw Ba-tZm-jw-sImpw hbdv hovsImpw cq-X-sImpw AXn-bmb D]-hm-kw-sImpw a-m-\v ASn, CSn apX-em-bh Gevp-I-sImpw Zp_-e-X-sImpw ioXw DjvWw aw--Xo-vWw, arZp--I-Tn-\w, qew--kqvaw apX-emb hn]-co-X--fmb Zztzm-]-tbm-Kw-sImpw ha-\--hn-tc-N-\mZn tim[-\-{In-b-bpsS AXn-tbmKw sImpw AXn-km-cw, Pzcw, On, ]o\-kw, Dcx-Xw, bw, c-]n-w, DZm-hw, hnjq-N-Xn-I, Ae-k-Iw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, hnjw Ch-I-tf-smpw Fn--bpw, izmk-tcm-Khpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. Ah-c, Dgp-v, Fn]n-m-v, Fs Ch-bpsS D]tbmKwsImpw Acn Ac-p-m-nb ]e-lmcw sh-n-ep-m-Ip Ingv hmbp-kvXw-`-ap-m-I-KvIp Blmcw Ch Ign-p-I-sImpw Pe-Po-hn-I-fpsS amwkw, ssXcv, Imm ]m Ch Ign-p-I-sImpw Dp-gp-p-m-p Blmcw Ign-p-I-sImpw I^w hn-p Blmcw Ign-p-I-sImpw IWvT-nepw Dc-nepw Xncn-Sn Dm-pI Imc-W-ambpw ae--aq-{X--hm-bp-v XS--ap-m-hp-I-bmepw izmk-tcm-Khpw Fn-bpw Dm-Ip-p. CXn I^-m am-tcm[w h hmbp {]mW-hmln t{kmX-p-I-fn {]th-inp tIm]n-p-p. B Ip]n-X-amb hmbp Dc-n-ep I^s taevt]m-tv \bn-nv AXn-\p-tijw Pohn-Iv {]mW-lm\n hcp-p ITn-\-amb Ap-hn[ Fn--tbbpw Ap-hn[ izmktcm-K--tfbpw Dm-p-p.

Zztbm ]q-cq-]mWn irWp-h-ym-ayXx ]cw
IWvtTm-c-tkm Kpcp-Xz hZ-\ky Ijm-bXm
lnm\mw ]q-cq-]mWn Ipt-cm-tSm] GhN
B\mlx ]miz-iq-e ]oU\w lrZ-bky N
{]mWkyN hntem-aXzw izmkm\mw ]q-e--Ww.
5

C\n-b-tmv Fn--bp-tSbpw izmk-tcm-K-n-tbpw ]q-cq-]-sf ]d-bmw. tIp-[-cn-p-sImI. IWvT-nepw Dc-nepw Kpcp-Xzw, hmbvv Nhv ckw hb-dn-c- Ch Fn--I-fpsS ]q-cq] e-W--fm-Ip-p. tah-bdv hov, ]miz-th-Z-\, lrZ-b-n\v thZ-\, izmk-K-Xnv {]Xn-_w Ch izmk-tcm-K--fptS ]q-cq] e-W--fm-Ip-p.

{]mtWm-Z-Im hmlo\n t{kmXmwkn k It^m ƒ\nex
lnmx ItcmXn kmcpy Xmkmw-enwKw ]rY-IvirWp
6

I^-tm-Sp-IqSn hmbp {]mW-hm-lnbpw Pe-hm-ln-bp-amb t{kmX-p-I-fn XS--ap-m-n-bnv Fn--Isf Dm-p-p. Ah-bpsS {]tXyIw {]tXyIw eWw tIp-sImI.

oW-amw-k-_-e-{]mW tXPkx k It^mƒ\nex
KrloXzm klkm IWvT-ap-sstLm-j-hXow `riw
ItcmXn kXXw lnmw Zzn{Xn-tc-I-KpWmw XYm
{]mW-t{km-Xmwkn am-Wn-kw-cp-tym-jvam-W-ta-hN
kwmw-ap-jvWmXn Kmt{Xjp kvXw`w-kw-P-\-b-Xy]n
am-ss-hm ]m\m\mw cpW-yp-]-lX kvartXx
km{kp hnpX t\{Xky kvX_v[-iw-J-Nyp-X-{`qhx
k-P] {]em-]ky \nhrnw \m[n-K-Xx
alm-i_vZm alm-thKm alm-tXPm alm-_em
alm-ln-tXn km\r-Wmw-kZyx {]mW-l-cm-a-Xmx.
CXn-a-lm-lnm
7

tcmKm-Zn-I-sf-smv amwkw, _ew, {]mW, tXPv Ch oWn a\p-jy\v I^-tm-Sp-IqSn s]sv IWvTs B{I-an-nv henb i_vZ-tm-Sp-IqSn XpS-bmbn Fn-sb Dm-p-p. Fn Hcp {]mhiyw Htm ctm aqtm AXn-e-[n-Itam Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. I^-tm-Sp-IqSn hmbp ]mc-W-h-l-t{km-X-p-Ipw lrZ-bmZn a-pw ico-c-nse Dujvam-hn\pw XS--ap-m-n-bnv t_m[--b-ap-m-p-Ibpw ic-lo-c-n kvXw`-\-ap-m-p-Ibpw sNp-p. A-]m-\--fpsS am--sf-s XS-bp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. C{]-Imcw t_m[w \in a\p-jys In shw \nd-bp-Ibpw iwJ{]-tZiw kvXw`n-p-Ibpw `q{]-tZiw Ab--Xm-hp-Ibpw Ahy--ambn Fsm-stbm kwkm-cn-p-Ibpw tcmKnv imn-bn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. henb i_vZ-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw henb thK-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw henb tXP-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw henb _e-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw Dm-Ip CXn\v alm-lnm Fv ]d-bp-p. Cu alm-ln a\p-jy-m-cpsS {]mWs\ s]sp l\n-p--Xm-Wv.

ln-tXbx {]hr-p Irtim-Zo\ a\m-\cx
P-tc-tWm-c-km-Ir{w Kw`o-c-a\p \mZ-b
kwn-] Prw`-am-W XYmw-Km\n {]km-c-b
]mtiz-tNmt` kam-bay IqP-kvXw` cpKnXx
\mt`x ]Izm-i-bm-Zzm]n lnm-Nm-tkym-]-Pm-btX
tm`-b-n-`r-iw-tZlw \ma-b-oh XmayXx
cpW-yp-zmk amp {]\-jvS-_-e-tN-Xkmx
Kw`o-am-\ma km Xky lnm {]mWm-n-Io-a-Xm.
CXn Kw`o-cm-ln-m.
8

icocw saenpw at\m-Zo-\-Xbpw D GsXmcp a\p-jy s\p \pdp-p-amdpw hfsc {]bm-k-spw Kw`oc i_vZ-tm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw \nep hoWp IbvIm-ep-I-sfmw ]c-n-bnpw tImp-hm-bnpw cp hmcn--bpw \opw i_vZw kvXw`npw thZ-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw hnp Fn--bn-Sp-pthm Ahs B Fn \m`n-bn\ntm ]Izm-i-b-n\ntm Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. ico-c-n IqSp-X tm`-ap-m-p-Ibpw Fn--bn-Sp-tm icocw \a-kvI-cn-p--Xp-t]mse hf-bp-Ibpw In-cp--S-p-Ibpw izmk-n\v XS--ap-m-p-Ibpw _ehpw tNXpw \jvS-s-Sp-Ibpw sNp Fn-v Kw`ocm Fv ]d-bp-p. B Fn a\p-jys {]mW-lm\n hcp-p--Xm-Wv.

hyt]Xm Pmb-tX-lnm bm-]m\ NXpnt[
Blmc ]cn-Wm-amt `qb e`-tX-_ew
{]em-]-y-Xo-kmc XrjvWmky hntN-Xkx
Prw`ntWm hnp-Xvky ipjvIm-kyky hn\m-an\x
]cym-[vam-Xky lombm P{X-aq-em-Z-k-Xm
kmhy-t]-tXXn hnt-bm-lnm {]mtWm-]-tcm-[n-\o.
CXn hyt]Xv hm banIm lnm.
9

bmsXmcp Fn \m\m-hn-[-n-ep A-]m-\m-Zn-I Ign-p-tm Dm-hp-Ibpw Blmcw Zlnp Ign-bp Ah-k-c-n hopw hn-p-Ibpw sNp-pthm B Fn-v hyt]Xm Fv ]d-bp-p. ]npw t]bpw ]d-bp-I, On, AXn-km-cw, Zmlw Ch sImv ZpxJn-p--h\pw kzt_m[w \jvS-s--h\pw tImp-hm-bn-Sp--h\pw Ip-n-b-h\pw hmbv hc--h\pw icocw hf--h\pw hbdv ho-h\pw bmsXmcp Fn IWvT-k-n-bn \nv CS-n-S-p-m-Ip-pthm B Fn-bw hyt]-X-bm-sWv a\-n-em--Ww. CXpw {]mW-lm\n hcp-p--Xm-Wv. (Cu cs-n HmbnnSp--Xp-sImv banIm Fpw ]d-bp-p.)

p{Z-hmtXm bZm-tIm-jvTmZv hymbma ]cn-L-nXx
IWvTw {]]-Zy-tX-lnmw p{Zmw kwP-\-tbXZm
AXnZpxJm \ kmt\mcx intcm-a {]_m-[n\o
\ N izmkm ]m\m\mw amK-am-hrXy XnjvTXn
hrn-am-b-kytXm bmXn `p-am-t{XN amhw
bXx {]htX ]qw XX Gh \nhtX
lrZbw tma IWvT Xmep-I kam-{inXm
arZzokm p{Z-ln-tXn \rWmw kmym {]IonXm
CXn p{Z-lnm
10

hymbm-aw-sImv Xn-e-Sn--s Aev]-hmbp Ftm hb-d-dn\nv IWvT-n-tev hcp-pthm Atm p{Zm F Fn-sb Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. B Fn IqSp-X ZpxJ-ap-m-p--X-. s\n-t\bpw inc-n-t\bpw lrZ-b-n-t\bpw _m[n-p--X-. izmk-am-tbpw A-]m-\--fpsS am-tbpw XS--s-Spn \nevp--Xp-a-. ico-cm-bmkw sImv hn-p-Ibpw Blmcw Ign DSs\ Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNpw. CXv Fp Imc-Ww-sImv BZyw Dmtbm B Imc-Ww-sImv Xs ian-p-Ibpw sNpw. lrZ-bw, tmaw, IWvTw, Amv Cuhsb B{i-bn-N-SvNp-m-Ip B arZp-hmb Fn-v p{Z-lnm Fv ]d-bp-p. CuXv a\p-jyp-m-bm kmy-am-sWv ]-d-b-s-Sp-p.

kl-ssk-hmXn kw`pssx ]m\mssx ]oUntXm ƒ\nex
Duzw {]]-ZytX tImjvTm assZymXn aZ-{]ssZx
XYm-Xn-tcm-j-`m-jym[z lmky `mcmXn hss\x
hmbp-tImjvTw KtXm-[m-h ]m\-t`mPy {]]o-UnXx
{]I-tcm-Xy-Pmw lnm-apcx t{kmXx kam-{inXx
XYm-i-ss\x ckw-_w phw-m]n kln-tX
\ a-_m-[m-P-\-\o-t\-{n-bmWmw {]_m-[n\o
lnm-]otX XYm `pt iaw-bm-XnXp km-Pm.
CXy--Pm-ln-m.
11

A-]m-\m-Zn-I AXy-[nIw Ign-p-I-sImpw AYhm AXn-e-l-cn-bp aZy-]m-\w-sImpw ]oUn-X-amb hmbp s]s-p-Xs hb-d-dn\nv taevt]m-tv hp Fn-sb Dm-p-p. A{]-Im-cw-Xs AXn-t{Im-[w, AXn-`m-j-Ww, AXn-h-gn-\-S-w, AXn-bmbn Nncn-p-I, AXn-`mcw Npa-pI Ch-I-tf-smv tImjvTm-{in-X-amb hmbp A-]m-\--tf-smv {]]o-Un-X-ambn Ap-an-p-tamSn Dc-n-ep izmk-ammZn t{kmX-p-Isf {]m]np A-P-amb Fn-sb Dm-p-p. AXn-tcm-jm-Zn-I-tf-smv Ip]n-X-amb hmbp-hn\v t`mP-\m-Zn-I-fpsS kw_--an-m-Xn-cp-m Xp-tem-Sp-IqSn Fn-bpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. Cu Fn lrZ-b-n\v D]-{Z-h-ap-m-p--X-. C{n-b-sf _m[n-p--Xp-a-. CXv kmy-amb A-]m-\--tf-smv ian-p--Xp-am-Wv. Cu Fn-v APw Fv ]d-bp-p.

AXn-k-nX tZmjky `-tO-Zky N
hym[n`nx oW-tZ-lky hr-kymXn hyhm-bn\x
Bkmw bmkm kmev]m lnm-l-ymip Pohn-Xw.
ban-ImN {]em-]mn taml-XrjvWm ka-\znXm
Ao-W-m]y Zo\ nc-[m-Xzn-{n-b-bx
Xky km[-bnXw iIym-b-anIm lytXm ƒ\y-Ym.
12

tZmj- A[nIw hn-n-cn-p--h\pw `-tcm[w (D-]-hm-kw) sImv icocw oWn--h\pw addv hym[n-I-tf-smv icocw oWn--h\pw hr\pw AXn-bmbn kv{Xotkh sNp--h\pw Dm-Ip Fn DSs\ {]mW-lm\n hcp-p--Xm-Wv. t]]-d-n, tamlm-e-kyw, Zmlw Ch-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb banIm F Fn-bpw {]mW-lm\n hcp-p--Xm-Wv. bmsXm-cp-h\v oW-Xbpw Zo\-Xbpw Cm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw [mXp-pw C{n-b-pw nc-Xbpw Dm-Ip-pthm Ahs banIm F Fn kmy-am-bn-cn-pw. adn-m-sW-n AXm-bXv oWhpw Zo\-Xbpw Dm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw [mXzn-{n-b-v nc-X-bn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvXm B banIm Fn Akm-y-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw.

bZm t{kmXmwkn kwcp-y-am-cpXx I^-]qIx
hnjyKv {hPXn kwcp--kvXZm izmkm ItcmXn kx
13

I^-tmSp tN-Xmb hmbp {]mW-hm-ln-t{km-X-p-I-fn Ftm XS-b-s-Sp-pthm Atm k-hym-]n-bmb B XS-b-s hmbp izmk-tcm-Ks Dm-p-p. (hn-ip-A--XoXn hnjzIv = k-hym-]n.)

Dq-b-am\ hmtXmbx i_vZ-hZv ZpxJntXm-\cx
Dssx izknXn kwcp-tm-a--cn#` Chm-\niw
{]\-jvS-m\ hnm-\-kvXYm hn{`m--tem-N\x
hnhr-Xm-m-\t\m _-aq-{X-hm hnio-hmIv
Zo\x {]iz-kn-X-mky ZqcmZv hnm-b-tX-`riw
alm-izm-tkm] krjvSkvXp n{]-tah hn]-Zy-tX.
CXn-a-l-m-izmkx.
14

alm F izmkw-sImv ZpxJnX-\mb a\p-jy XS-p-\np tamevt]m-t-p-bp hcp hmbpsh aZn Imf-bpsS i_vZ-sa--t]mse kZm D-n izkn-p-p. CXn B-t_m-[hpw Adnhpw \in-p-t]m-Ipw. Iv {`an--am-Xn-cn-bn AXm-bXv Ahn-tSbpw Chn-tSbpw t\mp--Xp-t]m-se-bm-Ipw. Nne-tm Ipw hmbpw Xpdp kvXw`n-p-\n-evpw. aq{X-X-S-hpw ae-_--hp-ap-m-Ipw. hmn\v CS-bp-m-Ipw. Zb-\o-b-ambn izkn-p Ahs izmkw Zqc-n\n-p-Xs \mbn tIp-hm Ign-bpw. C{]-Im-c-ap alm-izm-k-tcmKw ]nSn-s]--h W-nXs acn-p-t]m-Ipw.

Duzw izkn-Xn-tbm-ZoLw \N {]Xym-l-c-Xy[x
tjvam-hrX apJ-t{kmXmx {Iq-K hlmnXx
Duz-Zr-jvSnn ]iywkvXp hn{`m-m CX-kvXXx
{]ap-ly thZ-\m ipjvImtkym ƒc-Xn-]o-UnXx
Duz izmtk {]Ip-]n-tX-ly[x izmtkm \ocp-ytX
aply-X-kvXm-ay-X-tmzw izmk-kvX-ssky-h-l-y-kq.
KpXyp-izmkx.
15

ZoL-ambn tamevt]mv izkn-p-Ibpw Xmg-tv hnv izkn-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw izmk-h-l-t{km-X-n I^w AS-bp-Ibpw hmbp tIm]np ]oUn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-tm Iv taevt]mv angn {`an Ahn-tSbpw Chn-tSbpw t\mpw. Ah tamlm-e-ky-s-Sp-Ibpw thZ-\-sImv ZpxJn-p-Ibpw sNpw. Ahs hmb-h-cfpw Ah Hn-t\mSpw a\-n-msX ]oUn-X-\m-Ipw. C{]-Imcw Duz-izmkw {]Ip-]n-X-am-hp-Ibpw A[x-izmkw XSpt]m-hp-Ibpw sNp--Xn tamlm-e-kyhpw Xax {]th-ihpw IqSn-bp-m-bm B Duz-izm-kw-Xs Ahs {]mWs\ l\n-p--Xm-Wv.

bkvXp-iz-knXn hnOnw k-{]m-tW\ ]oUnXx
\hm-iz-knXn ZpxJmtm a-tOZ cpKnXx
B\m-l-tkzZ aqmtm Zly-am-\\ hkvXn\m
hnp-Xmx ]cn-oWx izk css-I-tem-N\x
hotNXmx ]cn-ip-jvImtkym hnhx{]te-]\cx
On-izm-tk\ hnnx k io{Lw hoP-lm-Xy-kq
CXn On-izmkx
16

On-izmkwsImv bmsXmcp a\p-jy \nn \nn izkn-p-pthm Ah k-{]m-W-t\-smpw ]oUn-X-\m-Ipw. AYhm izmkw apn-tm-Ipw. a-tXmdpw apdn-p--Xp-t]m-ep thZ-\-sImv ]oUn-X-\m-Ipw. hbdv hopw hnbpw tamlm-e-ky-hp-ap-m-Ipw. hkvXn-{]-tZ-iv Npp-\o-d-ep-m-Ipw, Iv Xpdn-pw. ico-c-n\v AXyw oW-ap-m-Ipw. izkn-p-tm Hcp In Nph-p-mIpw ssNX-\y-\m-i-ap-m-Ipw. hmb-h-c-p-t]m-Ipw. ico-c-n\v h-t`-Z-ap-m-Ipw. ]npw t]bpw ]dbpw C{]-Imcw On-izm-kw-sImv hnn--\mb tcmKn W-n {]mWs\ hnSp--Xm-Wv.

{]Xn-temaw bZm hmbpx t{kmXmwkn {]Xn-]-ZytX
{Kohmw inc kwKrly tjvamWw kap-Zo-cyN
ItcmXn ]o\kw tX\-cptm LpLp-cIw XYm
AXoh Xo{h-th-Km izmkw-{]mW {]]o-UIw
{]Xm-ayXn k thtK\ ImktX kn-cp-ytX
{]tamlw Imk-am-\ k KXn aplpplpx
tjva-Wy-ap-Ny-amt\ Xp `riw-`-hXn ZpxJnXx
Xssky-hN hntam-mt aplqw e`-tX-kpJw
XYm-tkymzw ktX-IWvTx Ir{m--Ivt\mXn `mjnXw
\ Nm]ne `tX-\n-{Zmw-i-bm\x izmk-]o-UnXx
]mtiz-X-kym-h-Kr-lvWmXn ibm-\ky kao-cWx
B kot\m-e-`tX kuJy-ap-jvW-ss-hm-`n-\-Xn
D{n-Xm-tm-e-em-tS\ kznZyXm `ri-an-am
hnip-jvIm-tym-aplpx izmtkm-ap-lp-ssh h[-ay-ItX
taLmw-_p-in-X{]tKzmssXx tjva-sse {]htX
k bm]y-kvX-aIx izmkx kmtym-hm-kym--thm-nXx
CXn-X-a-I-izmkx
17

hmbp Ftm hn]-coX KXn-bm-bnv t{kmX-p-I-fn k-cn-p-pthm Atm inc-nepw Igp-nepw ]nSp--ap-mn I^-tbpw Cf-n-hnv ]o\-ks Dm-p-p. B ]o\k e-W-bp--amb I^w-sImv t{kmtXm-tcm-[-ap-m-hp-Ibpw hmbp-hn\v am-X-S--ap-m-hp-Ibpw sNp-tm hmbp Lpdp-Lpdp i_vZ-ap-m-p-p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs AXn-Xo-{h-th-Knbpw {]mW k-S-Im-cn-bp-amb izmk-tcm-K-tbpw Dm-p-p. izmk-ns Xo{h-th-Kw-sImv tcmKn Xfp-t]m-hp-Ibpw Npa-p-Ibpw Nne-tm Ipdp ka-b-tv tcmKn \n-jvS-\m-bn-tm-hp-Ibpw sNpw. C{]-Im-c-ap Imk-tcm-Knv tamlm-ekyw IqsS-qsS Dm-Ipp Npa-sImv I^w ]pd-tv t]mIp-n-s-n-em-Is tcmKnv AXn-bmb k-S-ap-m-Ip-p. Npa-sImv Aev]w I^w ]pd-t--t]m-bmX-sbpw Aev]-k-a-b-tv Ipd-m-izmkw Inpw. AXp-t]m-se-Xs Ahs IWvT-n\v XS--ap-m-Ip--Xp-sImv kwkm-cn-p-hm hnj-a-am-bn-cn-pw. InS-m izmk-]o-Un-X-tcm-Knv Ddv Inp--X-. Dd-m-\m-bn-n-S-m Ahs hmcn---bn hmbp ]oU-bp-m-pw. Fgp-t-d-dn-cp-m Aev]w kpJw Inpw. NqSp--Xns\ B{K-ln-pw. Iv Xpdnp taevt]m-m-hp-Ibpw s\d-dn-Sw hnbp-sIm-n-cn-p-Ibpw Ie-i-emb ]oU-bp-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw. hmh-c-bp-m-Ipw. IqsS-qsS izkn-p-sIm-n-cn-pw. B\-p-dp Ib-dn-b-Xp-t]mse icocw Nen-p-sIm-n-cn-pw. BImi taLm-hr-X-am-b-tmgpw AYhm ag-sImpw shw XWp-v, Ing- Imddv Ch-sImpw I^-h-\--fmb Blm-cm-Zn-I-tf-smpw Xa-I-izmkw Gd-dhpw hn-p--Xm-Wv. An-s\-bp Xa-I-izmkw NnIn-n-p-sIm-t-bn-cp-m kpJ-am-Ipw. AYhm ]p-\m-bn-p-m-b-Xm-sW-n DNn-X-amb NnIn sNbvXm W-n kmy-am-hp-Ibpw sNpw.

Pzc-aqm ]co-Xky hnZym {]X-a-I-pXw
DZm-h-ctPm ƒPo-n--Imb \ntcm-[Px
Xakm htX ƒXyw ioX-mip {]im-ayXn
a-X-kvX-a-ko-hmky hnZym k-a-I-p-Xw.
CXn {]X-aI k-a-I-izm-ku.
18

Pzcw, aq Ch-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Xa-I-izm-ks {]X-a-I-izm-k-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww. DZm-h-tcm-Kw-sImpw s]mSn-]-Sew izkn-p-I-sImpw APow-sImpw ico-c-n-ep \pe-hp-sImpw ae-aq-{Xm-Zn-th-K-tcm-[w-sImpw Dm-Ip-Ibpw Ccp-n AXyw hn-p-Ibpw iotXm-]-Nm-cw-sImv W-n ian-p-Ibpw tcmKn Ccp-n Bp-t]m-b-Xp-t]mse tXmp-Ibpw sNp AXns\ Xa-I-izm-k-tcm-K-am-sWv a\-n-em--Ww.

cqm-bm-tkm`hx tImjvtTm-p-t{Zm-hmX DZo-c-b
p{Zm-izm-tkm-\tkm ƒXyw ZpxtJ-\mw-K-{]-_m-[Ix
ln\kvXo \ h Km{XmWn \ NZpx-tJm-b-tY-Xtc
\ N t`mP\ ]m\m\mw \ncp-W-yp-Nn-Xw-KXnw
C{n-bmWmw hyYmw-\m]n Imn-Zm-]m-Z-tbcpPw
CXn-p-{Z-izm-kx.
19

cq-amb A-]m-\w-sImpw ico-cm-bm-k-I-c-amb {]hn-sImpw tImjvT-n Dm-Ip Aev]-amb hmbp tamevt]m-p-bp-hp izmk-tcm-Ks Dm-p-p. AXn\v p{Z-izmkw Fv ]d-bp-p. B p{Z-izmkw IqSp-X IjvSs Dmn ico-cs _m[n-p--X-. AXv ico-cs \in-n-p--Xp-a-. addv izk-tcm-K--tf-tmse AXv ZpxJ-ap-m-p--Xp-a-. AXv A-]m-\--fpsS DNn-X-amb KXnsb XS--s-Sp-p--Xp-a-. AXv Np-t{im-{XmZn C{n-b-v sshj-ay-tbpw ico-c-n\v bmsXm-cp-hn[ thZ-\-tbbpw Dm-p--X-. (A-Xy-zm-\w-sImpw AXn-t`m-P-\w-sImpw izmtkm-zm-k-n\v Aev]w sshj-ay-ap-m-Ip--Xn-\mWv p{Z-izmkw Fv ]d-bp--Xv. CXv Aev]w hn{i-an-p-Ibpw Ign `Ww Zln-p-Ibpw sNbvXm X\nsb ian-p-sIm-pw.)

k kmy Dtm-_-en\x kt ]mhy eWx
CXn-izmkmx kap-njvSm ln-ssh kze-ssWx
20

p{Z-izmkw _e-hm-\p-m-bn-pXpw Fm-hn[ e-W-fpw Ahy--am-bn-p-Xpw kmy-am-sWv ]d-b-s-Sp-p. C{]-Imcw izmk-tcm-K--tfbpw Fn--tbbpw AN-Xm-Xns e-W-k-lnXw hnh-cn--s-p.

Gjmw {]mW-lcm hym-tLm-c-kvtX-lym-ip-Im-cnWx
t`jssPx kmy-bm-]ymwkvXp n{]w `nj-Kp-]-Nm-tc
Dt]-nXm Ztl-bpln ipjvIw I-an-hm-\ex
21

Cu ]d--h-bn {]mW-lm\n hcp-p--Xmb alm-izm-kw, Duz-izm-kw, On-izmkw Ch-tbbpw Fn--bn al-Xn, Kw`o-c, hyt]X Ch-tbbpw NnIn-n-msX hn--Ww. Ch ITn-\hpw kZy-{]m-W-lm-cn-bp-am-b-Xp-sImv Akm-y-am-Wv. kmyhpw bm]y-hp-amb izmk-tcm-K--tfbpw Fn--tbbpw DNn-X-amb Huj-[--tf-I-cvsImv sshZy DSs\ NnInkn--Ww. DSs\ NnInkn-msX Dt]-n--s-m DW-nb ]pn\v Xo ]nSn-m-se--t]mse ico-cs \in-n-p--Xm-Wv.

Imc-W-m-\-aq-sse-Iym-tZ-I-tah NnIn-nXw
Zqtbm-c]n bYm-Zr-jvS-ar-jn-`n-kvX-n-t_m-[-X.
22

Fn--bp-tSbpw izmk-tcm-K-n-tbpw Imc-W-n\pw D-h-m-\-n\pw aqe-n\pw (tZm-j-n-\pw) sFIy-X-bp--Xp-sImv Ch cn\pw NnInk Hp-X-s-bm-Wv. Ch cn-\p-ap NnInk Ejnamcm F{]-Imcw \nt-in--s-pthm A{]-Imcw ]d-p-Xcmw tIp-[-cn-p-sImI.

lnm-izm-kmnXw kv\nKvss-cmZu tkzssZ-cp-]m-N-tc
Bw eh-W-ssX-te\ \mUo-{]-kvXc kcx
ssXc-ky-{K-YnXx tjvam-t{kmXx kz]n hneo-btX
Jm\n-am-h-am-bmn hmX-m-]y-\p-tem-aXmw
bYm-{Zn-I-RvtP-jzmw-ip-X]vXw hnjy--tX-lnaw
tjvam-X]vXx ntcm-tZtl tkzssZn-jy--tX-XYm
kznw mXzm XX-kvXqw t`mP-tb kv\nKv-tam-Z\w
aym\mw ipI-cm-Wm--c-sskZ-[yp--tcW hm
XXx ivtfjvaWn kwhrt ha\w ]mb-tb XpXw
]neo sskh u{Z-bpw hmX-hn-tcm-[n-b
\nlrtX kpJ-am-]vt\mXn k It^ ZpjvS-hn-{Ktl
t{kmXx kpln hnip-tjp Nc-Xy-hn-ltXm ƒ\nex.
23

Fn--sImpw izmk-tcm-Kw-sImpw Bm-\m-bn-cn-p--hs\ BZy-ambn Dp-tN F tZl-n-en-p-sImv kv\nKv--fmb \mUo-tkz-Zw, {]kvX-c-tkz-Zw, k-c-tkz-Zw, Fo tkzZ-{In-b-I-tf-sm-p-]-N-cn-I-cvI-Ww. B tkzZ-{]-tbm-K-sImv izmk-ln[vam tcmKn-bpsS t{kmX-p-I-fn I]n-Sn-n-cn-p I^w {Zho-`-hn-p-Ibpw t{kX-p-Iv amhw hcn-Ibpw hmbp A\p-tem-a-K-Xn-bn-em-hp-Ibpw sNpw. ]-X--fn-ep hr--fn ]Xn lnaw kqcy-Xm-]w-sImv F{]-Imcw Dcp-In-tm-Ip-pthm AtX-{]-Imcw lnm-izm-k-tcm-Kn-bpsS tZl-n n#n-co-`-hn--Xmb I^w tkzZ-{In-b-I-tf-smv X]vX-am-bm Dcp-In-tm-Ip--Xm-Wv. thXpt]mse hnbsv a\-n-em-bm izmk-ln-m-tcm-Knsb AXn-\p-tijw DS-s\-Xs aky--fpsS ckw Iqntbm ]n-amwkw Iq#p-ntbm IqSp-X ssXcv Iqntbm kv\nKv-amb As `pPn-n--Ww. AXn-\p-tijw I^w hn-Xn tcmKnsb ha-\u-j[w IpSn-n--Ww. B ha-\u-j[w Xn-enbpw Cppw tX\pw tN-Xm-bn-cn--Ww. hmX-tIm-]s Dm-m--Xp-am-bn-cn--Ww. Zpjn t{kmX-p-I-fn ]d-dn-n-S--Xmb I^w ]pd-tv t]mbn--gn-m izmk lnm-tcmKn kpJs {]m]n-p--Xm-Wv. t{kmX-p-I-sf-mw-Xs A{]-Imcw ip-am-Ip-tm hmbp XS-hp-Iq-SmsX k-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.

eo\-tZv tZmj-tijx kym Xw [qssa \nl-tc-Zv_p[x
lcn{Zmw bh-ta-c-WvU-aqew emmw-a\xinemw
ktZh Zm-ew-amwkow ]njzm-hnw {]I-ev]-tb.
XmwLr-Xmmw ]nt_-qaw bsshhm LrX-kw-bpssXx
a[p-njvSw kp-c-kw-LrXw aem-I-kw-]ptS
IrXym-[qaw ]nt_-rwKw _mew hm kv\mbp-hm-K-hm
tiym\mI h-am-\m\mw \mUow-ipjvImw Iri-ky-N.
]Iw Kpp-ew-tem{w iIow hm LrX-p-Xw.
24

ha-\-tijw tZmjw tijn t{kmX-p-I-fn ebnp InS-p-I-bm-sW-n _pn-am-\mb sshZy [qa-]m\w sImv B eo\-amb I^s ]pd-tv If-b-Ww. a, bhw, Bh-W-nth-cv, tIme-c-v, a\-n-e, tZh-Xm-cw, Acn-Xm-cw, PSm-amn Ch-sb-mw-IqSn Acp Xncn-bm--Ww. AXns\ s\v ]pcn In-nv AXn\n-p [qas ]m\w sN-Ww. s\v ]pc-nb bh--tfbpw Acp Xncn-bmn [qa-]m-\-n-\p-]-tbm-Kn-mw. tXsa-gpIpw sN-eyhpw s\vv tNp Hcp ]m{X-n-emn ]pIp B ]m{X-n Hcp Ipg shp AXnqSn [qa-]m\w sN-Ww. A{]-Imcw ]ip--fpsS sImtm tcma-tfm kv\mbp-tfm ]pIp ]pI-h-en--Ww. AYhm ]m-\-bpsS Xtm Bh-W-ns Xtm Ipi-bpsS Xtm DWn s\n apn--np ]pI-h-en-mw. AYhm ]Xp-ap-Iw, Kpp-e, ]mtm-d-dn-tm-ev, CunImb Ch-bpsS Nqw s\n Iqn-tp [qa-]m-\-n-\p-]-tbm-Kn-p-Ibpw sNmw.

X-o-Wm-Xn-km-cm-krIv ]n-Zm-lm-\p-_--Pm
a[p-c-kv\nKv ioXm-ssZy lnm-izm-km-\p-]m-N-tc.
25

X-o-Ww, AXn-kmcw c-]nw kmwK km]w Ch XpS-bm-bp-m-hpI \nanw Dm-bn-p lnm-izm-k-tcm-K-sf a[p-cw, kv\nKvw, ioXw apX-emb ]n-l-c-{Z-hy--tf-sm-p-]-N-cn--Ww.

\ tkzZymx ]n-Zm-lmm c-tkz-ZmXn hn\x
oW-[mXp _em-cqm K`n-Wy-m]n ]nemx.
26

]nw-sImpw kmwK km-]w-sImpw ]oU-bp--h-t\bpw AXn-bmbn c-{k-h-ap--h-t\bpw AXn-hnbp--h-t\bpw [mXp-fpw _ehpw oWn--h-t\bpw cq-i-coc {]Ir-Xn-m-c-t\bpw K`n-Wn-tbbpw ]n-{]-Ir-Xn-m-c-t\bpw hnbn--cp-Xv.

Imaw-I-WvT-apcx tImjvssWx kvt\l-tkssIx k icx
Dmcn tIm]-\m-ssl arZp`nx tkzZ-tbWw
kvt\ssl-tmm-cnIm kmavssfx ko-ssc
IrXm-ln-Xm.
27

Atkz-Zy-\m-sW-nepw tkzZw Bh-iy-am-sW-nepw tkzZw Bh-iy-am-sW-n IWvT-nepw Dc-nepw ]-kmc tN sNdp-Nq-Sp kvt\lw-sIm-p tkN-\w-sImpw arZp-hmb s]mov shp-sI-nbpw W-n tkzZn-n--Ww. F, AX-kn, Dgp-v, tKmXw Ch-bpsS Nqw hmX-l-c-{Z-hy- tNpw kvt\l-{Z-hy- tNpw A-e-h-W- tNpw Dm-cnI (s]m-o-v) Dm--Ww. AYhm ta]dv Xnem-Zn-I-fpsS Nqw ]men tNp s]mo-p-m-p-Xpw \-Xm-Wv.

\h-Pz-cma tZmtjjp cqw tkzZw hnew-L\w
kao-tym-t-J\w hm]n Imc-tb--h-Wmw-_p\m
AXn-tbm-tKm-Xw hmXw Zrjzm hmX-l-ssc`n-jIv
ckm-ssZy\mXn iotXm-jvssW-c-`yw-ssK ia-\w-tb.
28

izmk-lnm tcmKnv s]sv ]\nbpw Ba-tZm-jhpw Dm-bn-p--Xn tcmKn-bpsS _ehpw tZmj-_-ehpw t\mn-bnv cq-amb tkh-Zw, D]-hmkw Ch sN-Ww. AYhm sh-n Dv Ien IpSn-np On-n--Itbm NsX--Ww. ha-\m-Zn-I-fpsS AXn-tbm-Kw-sImv hmXw tIm]n-n-f-In-bn-ptm Fv a\-n-em-n-bnv sshZy hmX-l-c--fmb amwk-c-km-Zn-I-fpsS tkh-\w-sImpw AXn-io-Xhpw AXyp-jvW-hp-a-m ssXe--fpsS A`yw-Kw-sImpw B hmX-n\v ia-\-ap-m--Ww.

DZm-ht bYm-[vamt\ amXp-epw-Kmavf thXsskx
lnwKp-]oep hnssU-mw bpw kymZ-\p-tem-a-\w.
29

lnm-izm-k-tcm-Knv DZm-hhpw hbdv hopw Dm-bn-p--Xn amX-fn-\m-c ]pfn-h-n-m-b, Imbw, ]oep, hnUve-hWw Ch Iqn Blmcw sImSp-m ae-hm-bp-sf A\p-tem-a-am-p--Xm-bn-cn-pw.

lnm-izm-km-abo tXztIm _e-hm Zp_tem ƒ]cx
I^m-[n-I-kvX-ssY-sshtIm cqtm-_-lp-\ntem ƒ]cx
I^m-[ntI _e-th ha\w k hntc-N\w
Imcyw ]ym-int\ [qa-tem-lmZn ia\w XXx
hmXn-Im Zp_-em hrm _memw-m-\n-em-kp-Zss\x
X-tb-tZh iass\x kvt\l-bp-j-c-km-Zn`nx
30

lnm-tcm-Knbpw izmk-tcm-Knbpw tZmjm-Zn-I-fpsS nXn-sImv Hcp-t]m-se-bm-sW-nepw cnepw Zp_-e-\p-m-b-sXpw cp-hn[apv. AXp-t]m-se-Xs lnbpw izmkhpw I^m-[n-Iy-ap--h-\p-m-b-sX Hcphn[-apv cpw cq-i-co-c-{]-Ir-Xn-m-c-\p-m-b-sXpw hmXm-[n-Iy-ap--h-\p-m-b-sXpw czn[w thsd-bp-ap-v. Ah-bn I^m-[n-Iy-ap--h-t\bpw _e-hm-t\bpw On-n-p-Ibpw hntc-Nn-n-p-Ibpw thWw. tim[-\m-\-cw ]ym-lm-c-n-\p-tijw [qa-]m-\w-sImpw telym-Zn-i-a-\u-j-[--tf-smpw izmk-ln-m-tcm-K-sf ian-n--Ww. hmXm-[n-Iy-ap--h-tcbpw Zp_-e-tcbpw hr-m-tcbpw _me-m-tcbpw hmXs ian-n-p-Xpw izmk-ln--Isf ian-n-p--Xp-amb s\v, [m\y-bq-jw, amwk-ckw apX-em-b-h-I-tf-smv ico-cs t]mjn-n-p-I-X-s-th-Ww.

A\pn-jvS-I-^m-kzn Zp_-em\mw hntim-[-\m
hmbp-_v[m-kv]tZm akwtim-jymip ltc-Z-kq
ZrVm _lp-I^mw kvXkvamZv cssk-cm-\q] hmcnssPx
Ir]vXm hntim-[-tb kznm _rwl-tb-Zn-X-cm `njIv
31

I^-nv \pehv hcm--h-tcbpw tkzZn-n-m--h-tcbpw Zp_-e-m-tcbpw ha\hn-tc-N\w sNbvXp tim[\ hcp-p-I-bm-sW-n AXv tlXp-hmbn hmbp-m-\-ap-dp tIm]np lrZ-bmZn asf \-\-hw timjn-n-nv DSs\ {]mWs\ \in-n-pw. AXp-sImv sshZy ZrV-X-bp ico-c-{]-Ir-Xn-m-tcbpw I^m-[n-Iy-ap--h-tcbpw B\q-]-Po-hn-I-fp-tSbpw Pe-Po-hn-I-fp-tSbpw amwk-ckw sImSpp Xr]vXn-h-cp-n-b-h-tcbpw hnbn--h-tcbpw ha\ hntc-N-\--sf-smv ipn-h-cp--Ww. ad-dp--hsc AXm-bXv Zp_-e-m-tcbpw hmXm-[n-Iy-ap--h-tcbpw hr-m-tcbpw _me-m-tcbpw izmk-ln-m-t]m-K-sf ian-n-p-Xpw ico-cs t]mjn-n-p--Xp-amb ia-\u-j-[--tf-smv t]mjn-n--Ww.

inJn-Xn-ncn `m-Zym-Pmw-K-e--ar-K-ZznPmx
Zi-aq-eo-c-tk-knmx Iuet hmc-tk-lnXmw
32

Zi-aq-e-I-jm-b-ntem apXn-c-I-jm-b-ntem ]mIw sNbvX abn, Xnn-cn--n, tImgn, apX-em-b-h-bpsS amwk-c-ktam PmwK-e-tZ-iv hkn-p ]n-ar-Km-Zn-I-fpsS amwk-c-ktam _rwl-l-aml-amb lnm-izm-k-tcm-Kn-Iv \-Xm-Ip-p.

\nZn-nImw hneq-ayw I-SmJymw Zpcm-e`w
{XnI-Iw KpUq-No--Ip-e-mw k Nn{X-Im
Pte-]-zm-ckx ]qIx ]n-eo-LrX `nXx
k\m-Kcx ke-hWx kymZyqtjm t`mP-t\-lnXx
cmkv\mw-_emw ]-aqew {lkzw apZvKm k Nn{X-Im-c
]Izmw-`-kn-ctk Xkvanbqjx kmy ]q-h
]-hm amXpepw Kky \nw_ky Ipe-I-kyN
]zm-ap-ZvKmivN kthym-jm mc-bqjw hn]m-N-tb
ZXzm-mcw k ehWw i{KpWnacn-Nm-\nN
bpym-kw-km-[n-tXm-bqtjm lnm-izmk hnIm-c-Pn
Itk-a-I ]{XmWmw bqjx tim`m-RvP-\-kyN
ipjvI-aq-e-I-bq-j lnm-izmk \n_lWx
kZ-[n-thymj kn-jvtIm-bqtj hm-I-tPm-lnXmx
33

sNdp-h-Zn-\n-thcv, aqm Iph-f-m-bpsS ayw, I-S-I-irw-Kn, sImSp-th-cn-n-gv Ch sh-n ]mIw sNbvXnv ckw Acn-s-Spp AXn ]n-eo-Nqw s\n hdp-p-tNp Bh-iym-\p-k-cWw Npvs]mSnbpw Cppw tN-Ww. Cu bqjw Blm-c-n tNv Ign-p-hm D-a-am-Ip-p. (CXv apXnc Hgn-sI-bp Huj-[- Ijmbw shp AXn apXnc thhnp bqj-ap-m-pIbmWv th-Xv). Ac Ipd-tm-n-thcv, sNdp-]--aqew, sImSp-th-cn-n-gv Ch Ijmbw shs-Spp AXn sNdp-]-bcv thhnp ck-sa-Spp Xn-eo-Nqhpw Npv s]mSnbpw Cppw tNp bqj-ap-mn an]-d--Xp-t]mse lnm-izm-k-tcm-Knv `-W-n tNp-]-tbm-Kn-p-hm \-Xm-Ip-p. amX-fn-\m-c-I-ns Ce, thns Ce, ]tSm-e-ns Ce, Ch Ijmbw shp AXn sNdp-]-bcv thhnp ck-sa-Spp AXn Npv, apf-Iv, Xnen Ch-bpsS Nqhpw Nhm-chpw tNp bqj-amn D]-tbm-Kn-mw. Nhm-cw, Cpv, apcn--mb, Ipcp-ap-fIv Ch bpn-t]m-se-tNv sNdp-]-bcv apX-emb [m\y--tf-smv bqj-ap-mn D]-tbm-Kn-m lnm-izm-k-hn-Im-cs Pnb-pw. Xhc Ce-I-fpsS bqjhpw AXm-bXv Xh-c-bn-e thhnv ck-sa-Spp ta]-d--Xp-t]m-se-bp Nq-fpw tNp-m-nb bqjhpw DW-nb aqte-cn-n-gv sImp-m-nb bqjhpw lnm-izm-k-tcm-K-sf ian-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXp-t]m-se-Xs sNdp-h-Zn-\n-bpsS Ijm-b-n bqj-ap-mn ssXcv, Npv, apf-Iv, Xn-en, s\v, Ch tNp izmk-lnm tcmKnv `-W-n tNp]tbm-Kn-p-hm \-Xm-Ip-p.

imen-j-jvSnI tKm[qa bhm-m-\y-\-hm-\nN
lnwKp kuhem PmPo hnU-]u-jvIc Nn{XssI
knm-IS irwKym Nb-hmKpx izmk-ln-n-\mw.
Zi-aq-eo-i-So-cmkv\m ]n-eo-hn-ez-]u-jvIsscx
irwKo-Xm-a-eIo `mMo KpUq-No-\m-K-cn`nx
bhmKpw hn[n-\m-knmw Ijmbw hm ]nt_-cx
Imk-lrZv {Kl-]mizmn lnm-izmk {]im-tb
34

]g-Inb sNs--cn, \h-c-b-cn, tKmX-v, bhw Ch izmk-lnm tcmKn-Iv Blm-c-n-mbn D]-tbm-Knmw. Imbw, kuh-e-em-h-Ww, PocIw, ]pjvI-c-aq-ew, sImSp-th-cn-n-gv, I-S-irwKn Ch tNp imen-j-jvSn-Im-Zn-I-tf-smv In-bp-mn izmk lnm-tcm-Kn-Iv sImSp-p-Xv \-Xm-Wv. Zi-aq-ew, Iq-cw, Ac-, Xn-en, Iqh-nthcv, ]pjvIp-c-aqew, I-S-irwKn, Iogms\n sNdp-tX-nthcv, Nnddm-ar-Xv, Npv, En Ch tNp hn[n-{]-Imcw Dm-nb Intbm Ch-sImpm-nb Ijm-btam, Imkw, lrt{Zm-Kw, ]miz-th-Z\, Fn-, izmk-tcmKw Ch ian-p-hm-\mbn IpSn--Ww.

]pjvI-cmlp iSo-thymj amXpepw Km thXsskx
tbmP-tb-Z--]m-\m\n k knhnU-lnw-Kp`nx
Zi-aq-eky hmIzm-Y-a-Yhm tZh-Zm-cpWx
Xrjn-tXm-a-Zncmw hm]n-ln-m-izmko ]nt_mcx
]mTw a[p-ckmw cmkv\mw kcfw tZh-Zm-cpN
{]mfy Pn-IrXy kpcm-a-WvtU-\n-[m-]-tb
Xa--e-hWw IrXzm sshZyx {]kr-X-k-nXw
]mb-tb XpXtXm lnm-izm-k-ss-thm-]-im-ayXn
lnwKp-ku-hew tImew kamwKm ]n-eow-_emw
amXpep Ktck ]njvS-am-c-\m-te\ \m ]nt_
`mMo-\m-K-ctbmx Iw acnN mctbm; kvXYm
]oX-{Zp-Nn-{X-Im-kvt^mtXm aqm-Wm-aw-_p\m ]nt_.
35

lnm-izm-k-tcm-Kn-bpsS A-]m-\-sf ]pjvI-c-aqew Iqcw, Npv, apfIv, Xn-en, amX-fn-\m-c, ]pfn hn-mb, s\v, hnUve-lWw Imbw Ch-Itfsmv kwkvI-cnv D]-tbm-K-s-Sp--Ww. Zi-aqew sImv sh Ijm-btam AYhm tZh-Xmcw sImv sh Ijm-btam aZn-cm-a-Zytam lnm-izm-k-tcm-K-ap--h Xo Zml-ap-m-bm IpSn--Ww. ]mS-ng, s]cp--dp--th-cv, Ac Ncfw, tZh-Xmcw Ch IgpIn Acp kpcm-a-WvU-e-n Cp Hcp Znhkw shp ]noSv FSpp Aev]w Dv tNp cp-]ew am{Xw sshZy IpSn-n--Ww. CXp-sImv lnm-tcm-Khpw izmk-tcm-Khpw ian-p--Xm-Wv. Imbw Xphn-e-mcw, e-p-cp, ]Sp--th-cv, Xn-en, Ipdp-tm-n-th-cv, Ch amX-fn-\m-c ck-n Acp Acn-m-Sn-bn Ien lnm-izm-k-tcm-K-ap--h IpSn--Ww. AYhm sNdp-tX-n thcpw Nppw Acp NqSp sh-n Ie-ntbm Ipcp-ap-fIpw Nhm-chpw Acp NqSp-sh--n Ie-ntbm ac-a-, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, IS-em-Sn-th-cv, s]cp-p--thcv Ch Acp NqSp-sh--n Ie-ntbm IpSn--Ww.

incoj ]pjv]-kz-ckx k]vX-h-kyhm ]p\x
]n-eo-a-[p-kw-bp-u-I-^-]n-m-\p-tK-lnXu
a[q-fnIm XpKm-o-co-\m-Kcw ]n-eo-XYm
Dm-cnIm LrtX-knm izmtk ]nm-\p-_-tP
izmhn[w ii-amw-k--i--I-kyN timWnXw
]n-eo-LrX knm\n izmtk-hm-Xm-\p-_-tP
kph-em-ctkm ZpKvw LrXw {XnI-Sp-Im-\znXw
imteym-Z\ kym\q-]m\w hmX-]n-m\p tKlnXw
a[pIw ]n-eo-aqew KptUm tKmi-Ir-tXm-a-ckx
u{ZwLrXw izmk-Im-k-ln-m-`n-jy-n-\mw-lnXw
36

s\t-\n-hm-I-q-hns kzc-k-ntem Ggn-e-m-e-tm-ens kzc-k-ntem Xn-eo-Nqhpw tX\pw tNpsImSp-p-Xv I^-n\p _-ap izmk-ln-m-tcm-K-v \-Xm-Ip-p. s]cp-p-dp--thcv hwi-tcm-N-\, Xn-en, Npv Ch s\v tNp Ipg---bp-mn ]nm-\p-_--P-\y-amb izmk-tcm-K--fn D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. henb ap]n-bpsS amwkhpw apb-ens amwkhpw tImgn-ap- ]n-bpsS chpw Xn-eo-Nqhpw s\pw tNp ]mIw sNbvXp hmX-\p-_--P-\y-amb izmk-tcm-K-n D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. kqcy-Im-o-kz-c-kw, ]m, s\v Ch {XnISp tNp hmX-]n---fpsS A\p-_--ap--Xn sNs--cn-bpsS tNmdp--Xns aosX A\p-]m-\-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv \-Xm-Wv. Ccn a[p-cw, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, shw NmW-I-\o-cv, tX s\v Ch-sb-mw-IqSn kaw-tNp tkhn-p-Xv izmk-tcmKw, Imkw, Fn-, A`n-jyw Fo tcmK-v \-Xm-Wv.

Jcm-tizmjvS hcm-lmWmw taj-kyN KP-kyN
iIrkw _lp-I-t^-tjz-ssIIw a[p-\m-]n-t_
mcw-hm-]y-im-Km enlymm u{Z-knjm
abq-c-]m-Z-\mew hm ieew i-I-kyN
izmhn-m-WvUIw NmjmWmw temam\n Ipc-c-kyN
GI-Zzn-i-^-irw-KmWn Nm-o-\n-JpcmwXm
ka-kvXm-t\yI timhm]n ZKvzm u{Z-Lr-Xm-\znXw
Nqw enl Ptb Imkw lnmw izmk--K-Zm-cpWw
GtXln I^kw cp-K-Xn-{]m-W-{]-tIm-]lmx
Xkvam Xam ipyw tZbm telm\ \ojvIt^
37

Igp-X, IpXn-c, HIw, ]n, BSv, B\ Ch-bpsS NmW-I-\ocv Hmtcmpw shtsd tX\pw tNp I^w hn-n-cn-p--h IpSn--Ww. AYhm Aap-pcw Nps-Sp mcw s\pw tNp I^m-[n-Iy-ap izmk-tcmKn tel\w sNWw. abn-ens ]mZ-\m-fw, ap]-n-bpsS apv, tImgn-ap- PmWvU-I--n, ImvIm-, Ipc-c-n Ch-bpsS tcma- Hcp Ipf-p IpXnc apX-em-b-h-bp-tStbm cp-Ip-f-p ]ip apX-em-b-h-bp-tStbm sImv, Nw, An, Ipf-v, Ch-sb-mw-Iq-Sntbm Hmtcm-mtbm Nps-Sp Imkw, Fn, Zmcp-W-amb izmk-tcmKw Chsb Pbn-pw. Cu tel-\-tbm-K--fm-Is I^w-sImv izmk-KXn XS-b-sp {]mW-hm-bp-hn\v {]tIm-]-ap-m-p--Xns\ ian-n-p--Xm-Wv. AXp-sImv {]mW-hm-bp-hn\v XS--ap-m-p ams ipo-I-cn-p-hm-\mbn Cu tel-\-tbm-K- {]tbm-Kn--Ww. I^-tZm-j-an-m--Xn Ch D]-tbm-Kn--cp-Xv.

Imkn-t\-O\w ZZym kpc-t`-ZN _pn-am
hmX-tjva lsscpw Xa-tIXp hntc-N\w
DZotX `ri-Xcw am-tcm-[m-Zz-tl-mew
bYm-X-Ym-\n-e-kvXky am-\nXyw hntim-[-tb
38

izmk-tcm-K-n Imkhpw kzc-t`-Zhpw IqSn-bp--Xn _pn-am-\mb sshZy O-\u-j[w sImSpp On-n--Ww. Xa-I-izm-k-n-em-Is hmX-I-^-l-c--fmb Huj-[- tN hntc-N-\u-j[w sImSpp hntc-Nn-n--Ww. am-n\v XS--ap-m-bm Hgp-Ip shw Gd-dhpw in-tbm-Sp-IqSn F{]-Imcw hnp D]-{Z-hs Dm-p-pthm A{]-Im-c-amWv hmbphpw AXp-sIm-v hmbp-hns ams Ftm-gpw th-Xp-t]mse ipn-h-cp-t--Xm-Wv.

iSo-{K-nI Poho XzMvapkvXw ]pjvI-cm-lm-hbw
kpckw Xma-e-tIyem ]ney Kpcp-\m-Kcw
_me-I--kpaw Nqw IrXzmjvS KpW-icw
kYm Xa-tIizm tk lnm-\m {]tbm-P-tb.
39

Iq-cw, Imp-Xn--en-th-cv, AS-]-Xn-bIn-g-v, Ce-hw-Kw, ap-, ]pjvI-c-aq-ew, Xpf-kn-th-cv, Iogms\-n, Ge--cn, Xn-en, AIn, Npv, Ccp-thcn Ch kaw FSp-p-s]m-Snp AXns\ Fn-cn ]-kmc tNp XI-a-izm-k-nepw Fn--bnepw kZm D]-tbm-Kn--Ww.

apm-{]-hmf sshZqcyw iwJxkv^Sn-I-a-RvP\w
kkm-c-ImN Km-kq-vtaem eh-W-Zzbw
Xm{am-tbm-c-P-ko-cq]yw kuK-nI Iti-cpIw
PmXo-^ew iW-^-em\y ]mKmky XWvUpemx
Gjmw ]mWn-Xew Nqw Xpeym-\mw-u-{Z-knjm
lnmw izmk Imk eoV-amip \nb-X
ARvP-\m Xnancw ImNw \oenImw ]njvSIw Xax
]nw IWvUq-a-`n-jy a-ssNh {]Wm-i-tb.
40

apv`-kvaw, ]hn-g-`-kw-aw, sshZq-cy-`-kvaw, iwJv`-kvaw, kv^Sn-I-`-kvaw, ARvP-\-`-kvaw, ZrV-Im-N-`-kvaw, K-I-`-kvaw, Fcp-nthtm-ens Nqw, Ge--cn-Nqw, Cpv Nqw, kuh-e-e-h-W-Nqw, Xm{a-`kvaw, teml-`-kvaw, sh-`-kvaw, amWn-Iy-`-kvaw, Ibn-ap--m-Nqw, PmXn-m-Nqw NW--b-dns Nqw, IS-em-Sn-hn-ns Nqw, Ch-kaw FSpp \-hw Ac-p-tbm-Pn-np aqv Ig-n-hoXw tX\pw s\pw tNp tkhn-m Fn-bpw izmk-tcm-Khpw Imkhpw DSs\ ian-p--Xm-Wv. CXp-sImv In A-\-an-m Xnancw, ImNw, \oen-I, ]pjv]Iw, ImgvN-p-dv, ]nw, Iv sNmdn-, A`n-jy-w, Aw Fo t\{X-tcm-K--tfbpw \in-n-p--XmWv.

iSo-]p-jvI-c-aq-em\mw Nqam-a-e-I-kyN
a[p-cm-kw-bpXw telyw Nqw hmIm-e-tem-lPw
k icmw Xma-aIow {ZmmwtKm ƒizmi-Ir-{Z-ckw
Xpeyw KpUw \mK-c {]mi-tb-m-h-tb XYm
eiq-\ky ]em-WvtUmm aqew Kr-\-I-kyN
\mh-tb--\whm]n \mco-o-tc-W-kw-bpXw
kptJmjvWw LrX-aWvUw hm ssk-th-km-h-XqnXw
\mh-tb anIm hnjvSm ae--c-tk\ hm
\mco-o-tcW hm knw kn a[p-c-ssI-c]n
\ kvtXm\n-jnw ]oXw hmk-tZym-lnmw \nb-Xn
kIr-ZpjvWw kIr-nXw hymXym-km-n-n-\mw-]bx
]mt\-\kvXx {Inbmbmw hm icm a[p-kw-bpXw
41

Iq-c-n-gv, ]pjvIc-aqew Ch-bpsS Nqtam s\n--bpsS Nqtam Imcn-cp-ns `kvatam tX\n tNp lnm-izm-k-tcmKn tkhn--Ww. ]-km-c, Iogms\-n, apn-cn-, ]ip-hn-tbpw IpXn-c-bptSbpw NmW-I-\o-cv, shw, Npv Ch ]ngp sh-sa-Spp kkyw sNp-Ibpw thWw. shpntbm henb Dntbm ]ngn-s-Spp \kyw sN-Ww. AYhm N\w Acp ]ngn-s-Sp ckw ae-m tNp kkyw sNp-I-tbm-th-Ww. AYhm sNdp-Nq-tSm-S-Np-Iq-Snb s\bn-sfn Aev]w Cpv s]mSnp tNtm Cu-ImjvTw tIme-c-ns ckw Iqntbm ape-m Iqntbm ]ngn-sSpp kkyw sN-Ww. Poh-\obKpWu-j-[- Iqn Imn-sb-Sp s\v \kyw sNp-Ibpw aqnIqSn IpSn-p-Itbm sNbvXm Fn DSs\ \nb-{n-X-am-Ip--Xm-Wv. Hcp Znhkw NqSpXv Hcp Znhkw XWp-Xv Fo hyXym-k-{I-a-n lnm-tcm-Kn-Iv ]-kmcbpw tX\pw tNp ]m IpSn-m sImSp--Ww. \ky-{In-b-I-fn ]-km-cbpw tX\pw tN XWp--]m D]-tbm-Kn--Ww.

At[m-`m-tK-LrXw knw ktZym-lnmw \nb-Xn
]n-eo-a-[p-kw-bpu cku-[m-{Xo-I-]n-tbmx
emm-emP a[p-{Zmm ]n-eyiz KIr-{Zkw
enlymtIme a[p-{Zmm ]neo \mK-cm-Wnhm
ioXmw-_p-tkIx kl-km-{Xtkm hnkva-]\w `bw
t{Im[-lj {]ntbm-tZyKmlnm-{]-Ny-h-\m-aXmx
42

hntc-N-\-Z3-hy- tNp-Im-nb s\v s]sv Fn-sb ian-n-p--Xm-Wv. s\n--bpsS kzc-ktam hnfm--g-ns cktam Xn-en-Nqhpw tX\pw tNp tkhn-m Fn s]sv ian-pw. tIme-cv ae-cv, apncn, Xnen, Ch-bpsS Nqw tX\pw IpXn-c-m-W-I-\ocpw tNp tel\w sNp-Xpw e-pcp, apn-cn-, Xn-en, Npv Ch-bpsS Nqw tX\ntNp tel\w sNpXpw \-Xm-Wv. s]sv XWp--shw tImcn-H-gn-p-I, sR-ep-m-p-I, hnkva-b-s-Sp-p-I, `b-s-Sp-p-I, t{Im[n-n-p-I, ktm-ap-m-p-I, {]nb-ap--h-cpsS th]mSv ]dp ZpxJn-n-pI Ch-sbmw Fn-sb s]sv \np--Xm-Wv.

lnm-izmk hnIm-cmWmw \nZm-\w-b {]IonXw
hy-am-tcm-Ky-Im-ssa-kvXZv lnm-izmk hnImcn`nx
43

lnm-izm-k-tcm-K-v Imc-W-ambn GsXms ]d-b-s-pthm Ah-sbmw BtcmKyw tha-sa-m-{K-ln-p lnm-izm-k-tcm-Kn-I hn--Ww.

ipjvI-oW It^m-ckvIm lnm-izm-km-\p-_-n\x
tb {]Ir-Xym-cq--tZlx kn`n-kvXm-\p-]m-N-tc
44

lnm-izm-k-tcm-K-, XpS-bm-bp-m-Ip--h-cpsS s\v ipjvIn I^-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xm-bn-cn-pw. Ch {]IrXym cq-i-coc {]Ir-Xn-m-cp-am-bn-cn-pw. Ahsc kvt\l-]m\w sImp-]-N-cn--Ww.

Zi-aq-em-ctk kna-n-a-WvtU\ km[-tb
IrjvWm-ku-h-e-m-c-hbx mlnw-Kp-tNm-cssIx
Imb--bmN kwknw lnm-izmku \nb-Xn
Zi-aq-em-Zy-LrXw
45

s\ns cn-cn Zi-aq-e-I-jm-b-Shpw cn-cn ssXcns shhpw s\ns \men-sem-cp-`mKw Xn-en, Xphn-e-m-cw, Nhm-cw, s\n-, Imbw, Iqcw, ISp Ch Iev-ambpw tNp-s\v ImS-n-sb-Sp--Ww. CXv lnm-izmk tcmK-sf ian-n-p-XmWm.

tXtPm-h-Xy-`bm IpjvSw ]n-eo-I-Sp-tcm-lnWn
`qXnIw ]ujvI-c-aqew ]emiw Nn{XIw iSo
kuhew Xma-e-Io-ssk-hm hnez-t]-jnImw
Xmeo-k-]-{X-Po-h-o-hNm ssXc knssXx
lnwKp-]m-ssZLr-X-{]w ]tNtXmtb NXpptW
GX bYm-_ew ]oXzm lnm-izmku Ptb-cx
timYm-\n-emtim {Kl-Wo-lr]mizmcpP GhN
tXtPm-h-Xym-`n-Lr-Xw.
46

sNdp-p--b-cn, ISp-, sImw, Xn-en, ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, \mp-I-p-v, ]pjvI-c-aq-ew, Na-X-tm-ev, sImSp-th-cn-n-g-v, Iq-cw, Xphne Dv, Iogms\-n, Cp-v, Cfw Iqh-f-m-b-bpsS a, Xmeo-k-]{Xw, AS-]-Xn-b Ingv, hb-v, Ch app Igp hoXw FSpp apm Igp Imbhpw Iqn Iev-amn {Zh-Zzn-Kp-W-Xzm cn-Sgn s\v Fn-S-gn ip-P-e-n ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. Cu s\v tZmjmZn _e-\p-k-cnp tkhn-p a\p-jy lnm-izm-k-tcm-K--tfbpw tim^w, hmXmiv, {Kl-Wo-tcm-Kw, lrZ-b-th-Z-\, ]miz-th-Z\ Ch-tbbpw Pbn-pw.

a\x inem-k-ck emm-c-P\n ]ssI
aRvPn-jvssT-sse Ijmwssix {]x kntm-Lr-Xm-nXx
a\x-in-em-Zn-LrXw
47

ipn-sNbvX a\-n-e, sN-eyw, tIme-cv, a, ]Xp-ap-Iw, a-n-tm-ev, Ge-cn Ch apqv Ig-p-hoXw FSpp Iev-amn Hcn-S-gn s\v \men-S-gn ip-P-e-n ]mIw sNbvsXSp-Ww. Cu s\v izmk-ln-m-tcm-K-v \-Xm-Ip-p.

Poh-\n-tbm-]-knw hm k u{Zw tel-tb-ZvLrXw
hmim-L-EYw Zm[nIw hm ]nt_ {Xyqj-W-ta-hN
48

AYhm Poh-\ob KWu-j-[- Ijm-bhpw Iev-hp-ambn ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-p s\v tX tNp tel\w sN-Ww. AYhm Kp-Nn-In--bn- ]d hmim-Lr-Xtam Zm[n-I-Lr-Xtam Imk-Nn-In--bn ]d {Xyqj-W-Lr-Xtam izmk-ln-m-tcmKn IpSn--Ww.

b Inn I^-hm-X-Lv\-apjvWw hmXm-\p-tem-a\w
t`jPw ]m\-aw hm lnm-izm-tkjvT XnXw
hmX-IrZzm I^-lcw I^-Ir-Zzm-\n-em-]lw
Imcyw ss\Im-nIw Xm`ymw-{]mbx t{itbm ƒ\nem-]lw
ktjmw _rwl-tW-ly iIr--{]m-b-tim-th
Ah-iyw-i-at\ ƒ{]mtbm-`rtim ƒiIy IjtW
Xkvam-p-m\ ipmw--i-a-ss\ _rw_-ssW-c]n
lnm-im-kmn-Xm Pq{]m-bix kap-]m-N-tc
49

GsXmw I^-hm-X-i-a-\-ambpw DjvW-ambpw hmbp-hns\ A\p-tem-a-am-p--Xmbpancn-p-pthm Ans\bp Huj-[-fpw A-]m-\-fpw lnm-izm-k-bp tcmK--fn \-Xm-Wv. hmXs hn-n-p-tXm AYhm I^s ian-n-p-tXm Bb Huj-[- Hmtcm-mbn izmk-ln-m-tcm-K--fn D]-tbm-Kn--cp-Xv. AXm-bXv izmk-ln-m-tcm-K--fn I^-hmX ia-\u-j-[- D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. AXn an-hmdpw hmX-i-a-\-nv {]m[m-\y-ap-m-bn-cn-p-Ibpw thWw. Fm izmk-ln-m-tcm-Kn-Ipw _rwl-W-{]-tbmKw sNp--Xm-bm an-hmdpw Aev]-amb A]m-b-ap-m-Ipw. AXv an-hmdpw km[n-m-hp-m-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. ia-\-{]-tbmKw sNp--Xm-bm \n-b-ambpw A]m-b-ap-m-Ip--X-. Ii-\-{]-tbmKw sNp--Xm-bm IqSp-X-emb A]m-b-ap-m-Ipw. AXv Akm-y-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. AXp-sImv Fm-hn[ lnm-izmk tcmKn-I-tfbpw tim[-\-{Inb sNbvXp ipn-h-cp-n-b-h-cm-bmepw an-hmdpw ia-\--fmbpw _rwl-W--fm-bp-ap {]tbm-K--tf-smv D]-N-cn--Ww.

Zpn-tXz-k-ap]u {Inssb-I-tXzN ImcWw
enwKw ]y--ln-m\mw izmkm-\m \nZinXw
50

lnm-izmk tcmK-v ZpxJ-km-y-X-bnepw D-h-nepw cnpw Hcp-t]m-se-bp NnIn hn[n-p-hm-\p Imc-Whpw Ah-bp-sS e-W-fpw ]yhpw Cu Aymbn ]d-b-s-n-cn-p-p.

CXy-n-thi crtX-Xt{ Nc-I-{]Xn kwkvIrtXƒ {]m]vtX-Zr-V-_e
{]Xn-kw-kvIr-tX-Nn-In-n-X-mt\ lnm-izmk
NnIn-n-Xw-\ma k]vX-Ztim ƒymbx

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