Aymbw  23

hnj NnIn-nXw

tmI x

1 - 15

16 - 30

31 - 45

46 - 60

61 - 75

76 - 94

AYmtXm hnj NnInknXw hymJym-kymax
CXn-l-kvaml `K-hm-\m-t{Xbx.
1

C\n hnj NnInknXw F Aym-bs Bt{Xb `K-hm D]-tZ-in-Xp {]Im-cw-Xs An-th-i-a-ljin hnh-cn-p-p-v.

{]mKp]nw KpWm tbm\nw thKmkn-m-\p-]-{I-am
hnj-ky-{_q-hXx kay-K-n-thi \ot_m-[-ta.
2

Atbm An-thi! hnj-ns ]qtm-ev]n KpW- D-h-m-\w, hnj-th-K-, ^e-{]-Z-amb NnInk-I Chsb ]d-p-Xcmw \-hw tIp-[-cn-p-sIm-p-I.

aYy-amt\ Pe-\n-[m-h-ar-Xmw kpcm-kpsscx
Pt {]mK-ar-tXm-ev]tx ]pcp-tjm-tLm-c-Zi\x
Zo]vX-tX-Pm--Xp ZwjvtSm-l-cntItim ƒ\-te-Wx
PK-Zzn-jw XrjvSzm hnjw-Xp hnjm-Z-\m
PwK-a-m-h-cm-bmp tbm\u-{_-m\y tbmP-b.
3

tZh-mcpw Akp-c-mcpw IqSn Aar-Xn-\m-bnv kap{Zw aY\w sNbvX-tm AarXv D-hn-p--Xn\p apmbn `b--c-amb BIr-Xn-tbmSpw Pzen-p tXP-tmSpw \mev Zwjv{S-I-tfmSpw ]\nd-n-ep Xe-ap-Sn-tbmSpw Xot]m-se-bp Ip-I-tfmSpw IqSnb Hcp]pcp-j-\p-m-bn. AXv Inv temIw apgp-h hnjm-Z-n-em-bn. B hnjmZw tlXp-hm-bnv BXn-\m-Is hnjw F t]cp-m-bn. {_mhv AXns\ mh-c--fp-tSbpw PwK-a--fp-tSbpw D-h-m-\v \ntbm-Kn--s-p.

XZw-_p-kw-`hw XkvamZv Zznhn[w ]mh-tIm-]aw
AjvS-thKw Zi-KpWw NXphnw-i-Xyp-]-{Iaw
XZzjm kzw_p-tbm-\n-Xzm kwtZw KpU-h-ZvKXw
k-Xyw-_p-[-cm-]mtb XZ-KkvtXym \nl-nN
{]bm-Xn-a--ho-cyXzw hnjw XkvamZv L\m-Xytb
4

hnjw sh-n \np-m-b-Xp-sImv AXm-bXv ]memgn IS-bp-tm Dm-b-Xm-b-Xp-sImv {_m-hn-\m \nbp--amb B cp-hn[ hnjhpw An-k-am-\-am-Ip-p. hnjw a\p-jy-cpsS ico-c-n Fv hn[-n {]hn-p-p. hnj-n\v ]v KpW--fm-Ip-p. hnj-ns NnIn 24--hn-[-n-em-Ip-p. hnjw sh-n\n-p-m-b-Xp-sImv kz`m-th\ hj EXp--fn i-c-sb--t]mse {Zho-`-hnp k{X hym]n-p-m-Ip-p. taL- \on-bm AXm-bXv hjm-\-cw AKkvXy \{Xw B hnjs \in-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p. AXp-sImv icv EXp-hn hnjw a-ho-cy-ap--Xm-bn-o-cp--Xm-Wv.

kmx IntSm-p-cm-eqXm hrnIm Krl-tKm-[nImx
PeuIm ay-a-WvUqImx ie`mx k-I-Imx
izknwl hym{L-tKm-ambp Xcp \ Ipem-Z-bx
ZwjvSntWm tb hnjw tXjmw Zwjvt{Smw PwK-aw-aXw
5

k-, sNdnb {]mWn-I, Fen, Nne-n, tX, Kufn, A, ayw, Xh-f, hv, Hmv, \mb, knwlw, ]pen, Ipdp-, sNdp-]p-en, Iocn apX-emb bmsXmcp ]p Pohn-I-fptm Ah-bpsS ]n \np-m-Ip hnjw PwK-a-hn-j-am-Ip-p.

apkvXIw ]pjv]Iw {Iu-h--\m`w _em-lIw
ISw Imf-I-S--I-c-ho-ck kwIw
]me-tI-{m-bp[w ssXew taLIw Ipi-]p-jv]Iw
tcmlnjw ]pWvU-co-I emwKew Im-\m-`Iw
ktmNw aSw irwKo-hnj lmem-lew XYm
Gh-am-Zo-\n-Nm-\ym\n aqe-Pm\n ncm-Wn-N.
6

apkvX-Iw, ]pjv]-Iw, {Iuw, hk-\m-`w, _em-lw, I-Sw, Imf-Iq-Sw, Ic-ho-c-Iw, ]me-Iw, C{-bp-[w, ssXew, taL-Iw, Ipi-]p-jv]-Iw, tcmln-jw, ]pWvU-co-Iw, emwK-ew, Im-\m-`w, ktm-Nw, a-Sw, irwKn-hnjw lmem-Kew Chbpw C{]-Im-c-ap addv aqe-P-\y-amb hnj-fpw mhc hnj-am-Ip-p.

mh-c-Pw-Ka hnj-a-tf kw_-nv ChnsS hfsc Npcpw am{Xta ]d-n-pq kp{ip-X-n Chp hfsc hnkvX-cnp ]d-n-pv. AXns Npcpw ChnsS ]dbmw mhcw PwK-a-tXn Zznhn[w hnj-ap-NytX Zim-[n-jvTm-\-amZyw Xp ZznXobw tjmU-im-{i-bw. kYm-hc hnj--fpsS ]-[n-jvTm\w aqew-]{Xw ^ew-]pjv]w Xzvjocw kmc Gh N \ncymtkm [mX-h-ss-h-I-h- Ziax kvarXx CXn. PwKa hnj--fpsS ]Xn-\m-dm-{i-bw. X{X-X-ZrjvSn \nizmk Zwjv{Sm-\-J-aq{X ]pcoj ip{I-Im-em-h-ap-J-k-wi hninX IqZmn ]n-iqI ihm-\o-Xn.

Kcw kwtbm-K-m-\y Kc-kww KZ-{]Zw
Imem-c hn]m-In-Xzm XZm-ip-l-c-Xy-kq.
7

mh-c-Pw-Ka hnjs IqSmsX {Zhy--fpsS kwtbm-K-P-\y-am-bp-m-Ip Kcw F asddmcp hnjw IqSn-bp-v. Kcw Fv ]d-bp hnjhpw tcmK-sf Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. CXv Imem--c-n hn]mIw hcp--Xm-b-Xp-sImv s]sv {]mW-lm\n hcp-p--X-. (Cu kwtbm-K-P-\y-amb Kcw cp-hn-[-n-em-Ip-p. 1. hnj-an-m {Zhy--fpsS kwtbm-Kw-sIm-p-m-Ip Kcw. 2. hnj-ap {Zhy--fpsS kwtbm-Kw-sIm-p-m-Ip {In{Xn-a-hn-jw.)

\o{Zmw-X{mw aw Zml-a-]mIw tema-ljWw
timY-ss-hm-Xn-km-c IpcptX PwK-aw-hnjw
mh-ckvXp Pzcw-lnmw Z-ljw Kf-{Klw
t^\-Oy-cpNn izmkm aqm P\-tb-Zv`r-iw.
8

Dd-v, aSn, oWw, Npp-\o-d, Zl-\--bw, tcmam-w, tim^w AXn-kmcw Chsb PwK-a-hnjw Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. mh-c-hn-j-am-Is Pzcw, Fn-, ]v Xcn-v, Igp-n\v kvXw`w \pc On-p-I, Acp-Nn, izmk-tcm-Kw, tamlm-ekyw Chsb IqSp-X-embn Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p.

PwK-aw-kym-Zpz-`m-K-a-t[m-`m-K-p-aq-ePw
Xkvam-w-jvSm-hn-jw-auew ln-aq-e ZwjvSn-Pw.
9

PwK-a-hnjw (I-Sn-hn-jw) ico-c-ns Duz-`m-K--fn-tev hym]n-p-Xpw aqePw (m-h-c-hn-jw) ico-c-ns At[m-`m-Kfntev hym]n-p--Xp-am-Ip-p. AXp-sImv ISn-hnjw mh-c-hn-jw-sImpw mh-c-hnjw ISn-hn-jw-sImpw \in-p--Xm-Ip-p.

Xrtaml Z-lj {]tkI ha-Yp-am `h-ymtZy
thtK-ck {]tZm-jmZv AkrIv {]tZm-jm-zn-Xo-tbXp
sshhy {`a-th-]Yp Prw`maqmwK Nnan-Nn-am-X-wx
ZpjvS-]n-in-Xm-r-Xotb aWvU-e-IWvUq kln-X-tImTmx
hmXm-Zn-Pm--Xpt Zml-Oyw-K-iqe aqmZymx
\oem-Zo\mw Xa-k Zi\w ]-ta-thtK
jd-jvtT-ln-m-`wKx kvIt-kymp k]vXta ƒjvS-ta-a-cWw
\rWmw NXp-jv]Zmw kym-Xpn[x ]nWmw {Xnhn[x
10

hnj-ns BZy-th-K-n ck-[m-Xp-hn ISp AXns\ Zpjn-n-p--Xp-sImv Zmlw, tamlm-e-kyw, Z-ljw, hmbn\nv sh-sam-en-pI O-n, oWw Ch Dm-Ip-p. cm-as thK-n-em-Is cs Zpjn-n-pI ImcWw \nd-t`-Zw, Xe-Np-d-d, hnd-b, tImp-hm-bn-Sp-I, tamlm-e-kyw, ico-c-n apgp-h Ipn--dn-p--Xp-t]m-se-bp thZ\ Ch-bp-m-Ipw. aqm-as thK-n amwkw Zpjn-p--Xp-sImv ico-c-n apgp-h hrm-Ir-Xn-bn sNmdnp XSn-p-h--Xm-Ip-p. \mem-as thK-n hmXm-Zn-tZmj Zqjy-P-\y-amb D]-{Z-h-fpw Npp-\o-d, On, ico-c-n thZ\ tamlm-ekyw apX-em-b-hbpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. Am-as thK-n ImWp--sXmw \oe-\n-d-am-bn-tm-p-Ibpw In-cp--S-bvp-Ibpw sNpw. Bdm-as thK-n Fn--bp-m-Ipw. Ggm-as thK-n Igpv Ipgp t]mIpw. Fm-as thK-n acn-pw. CXv mh-c-hn-j-ta-d-dn-p a\p-jyam-cpsS hnj-th-K-am-Ip-p. \mevm-en-Iv \mev thK-hpw ]n-Iv aqv thKhpw am{Xta Dq. (C-hnsS Fv hn-j-th-K ]d-n-pv Fm kp{ip-X-n hnj-thKw Ggvam-{Xta mh-c-hn-j--fnepw PwKa hnj--fnepw ]d-n-p-q. am{X-a {]Xn-]m-Z\ k{-Zm-b-nepw [mcmfw hyXym-k--fp-v. kp{ipXw Iev]-m\w t\mn-bm a\-n-em-Ipw.

BtZy-{`-aXn NXp-jv]tX ƒh-ko-ZXn XXx iq\yx
am-lm-tcm-{an-btX izmtk\ NXp thtKXp
[ymb-Xym-tZy-thtK ]o {]{`-ayXn ZznXo-tbXp
{kkvXmw-K XrXotb hnj-th-tK-bmXn ]Xzw
11

\mevm-en-I hnj-ns BZy-th-K-n Npd-dn-n-cn-bp-Ibpw cm-as thK-n Xf-cp-Ibpw aqm-as thK-n icocw hop-Ibpw Blmcw Ign-p-Xv Ipd-bp-Ibpw \mem-a-Xs thK-n izmkw apn acn-p-Ibpw sNpw. ]n-I hnj-ns BZy-th-K-n Nnm-a--\m-b-Xp-t]m-se-bn-cn-p-Ibpw cm-as thK-n Npd-dn-n-cn-bp-Ibpw AwK--sfmw inYn-e-am-hp-Ibpw aqm-as thK-n acn-p-Ibpw sNpw.

eLp-cq--amip hniZw hyhmbn XoWw hnImin kqva
DjvW-a-\ntiy ckw-Zi KpW-apw hnjw XPv ssx
cuymZv hmX-a-ssi-Xym ]nw ku-aymZ krIv{]-tIm-]-bXn
I^-a-hy ck-Xzm-Z-\p-c-kmw-m-\p-htX
io{Lw hyhm-bn-`m-hm-Zmip hym]vt\mXn tIh-ew-Imbw
XovW-Xzm-Lv\w {]mW-Lv\w-XZv hnIm-in-XzmZv
Zpcp-]-{Iaw eLp-Xzm-ssZz-i-Zym kymZ-k KXn-tZm-jm
12

eLp, cqw, Bip-Im-cn-Xzw, hniZw (hym-]-\-io-ew) hyhmbn (]qw-hym-]y-Jnew tZlw-XXx ]mI--K-Xn hyhm-bn-X-ZyYm`wKm t^\-m-ln-k-ap`-hw) XnvWw, hnImin (k-n-_mw kvXp inYn-em bItcmXn hnIm-in-X) kqvaw, DjvWw, \nt-in-p-hm Ign-bm--ckw Fo ]v KpW--tfmSp IqSn-b-XmWv hnjw Fv AXns\ Adn-bp--h ]d-bp-p. cq-Xzw-sImv hmtbpw DjvW-Xzw-sImv ]n-tbpw kq-a-Xzw-sImv c-tbpw Ahy--c-kw-sImv I^-tbpw {]tIm-]n-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. Ahy--c-k-am-b-Xp-sImv Fm-c-k--fp-tSbpw A\p-c-k-ambn XpS-cp--Xp-am-Ip-p. io{L-Xzw-sImpw hyhm-bn-Xzw-sImpw ico-c-n apgp-h W-n hym]n-p--Xm-Ip-p. XovWXzw sImv lrZ-bmZn a-sf \in-n-pw. hnIm-in-Xzw-sImv hnjw {]mWs\ \in-n-pw. hnIm-in-Xzw-sImv hnjw {]mWs\ \in-n-pw. eLp-Xzw-sImpw hym]-\-io-e-Xzw-sImpw An-c-am-b-Xp-sImpw NnIn-n-p-hm hnj-a-am-bn-cn-pw.

tZmj-m\ {]IrXnx {]m]ym-\y-Xaw lypZo-c-tb
kymZym-Xn-Iky hmX-mt\ I^-]n enwK-ao-jp
Xrtam-lm-c-Xn-aqm Kf-{K-l-o t^\mZn
]nm-ib nXw ss]n-Iky I^-hmX tbmn-jw-X-Zz
XrSvIm-k-Pz-c-h-a-Yp--a-Zm-l-Xtam ƒXn-km-cmZn
I^-tZ-i-KXw I^m-[n-Iky hmX-]o--tbm Zi-bXn
enwKw-izmk Kf-{Kl IWvUq-emem ha-Yzm-Zn.
13

hmXm-Zn-tZm-jw, m\w, {]IrXn Ch-bn-te-sX-nepw Hns\ {]m]n-nv hnjw AXm-Xn--\p-k-cn hn[-n hn-p--Xm-Ip-p. F{]-Im-c-sa-m hmXs tIm]n-n-p--Xmb 27--PmXn aqJs hnjw a\p-jy\v hmX-m-\-n-X-am-bm hn hmX-tIm-]hpw Aev]w I^-]n tIm]-e-Whpw Zmlw, tamlw, bmsXm-nepw {]oXn-bn-m-bva, tamlm-e-kyw, Igp-n\v kvXw`w, On, hmbn\nv \pc-h-cnI apX-em-b-h-bp-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw. ]ns tIm]n-p--Xmb 22--PmXn aWvU-en-bpsS hnjw ah-\p-jy\v ]nm-ib nX-am-bm hn ]n-tIm-]hpw Aev]w I^-hm-X-tIm-]hpw Zmlw, Imkw, Pzcw, On, oWw, Npp-\o-d, In-cp--S-, AXn-kmcw apX-em-b-hbpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. I^-tIm-]-ap-m-p--Xmb 10--PmXn cmPn-e-ns hnjw I^-m-\-K-X-am-bm I^w IqSp-X tIm]n-p-Ibpw Aev]w hmX-]n tIm]-e--W- Dm-hp-Ibpw izmk-tcm-Kw, Igp-n\v kvXw`w, sNmdn-n, hmbn\nv shw Hgp-Ip-I, On apX-em-b-hbpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p.

Zpjo-hn-j timWn-X-Zp-jvSymcpx InSn-`-tIm-T-enw-K
hnj-ta-ssI-Iw-tZmjw kqjy lc-Xy-kp-t\hw
c-Xn-hnj tXP-km-krIv XJm\n \ncp-y-am-c-b-Xn-Ppw
]oXw arX-ky-lrZn XnjvTXn ZjvS-hn--tbmwi tZti-kym
\oeujvT Zwi-Z--ssi-Yn-ey-tIi ]X-\mwK `wK-hn-t]mx
inin-ssc\tem altjm \m`n-ltX ZWvU-cm-Pn-kym
XPw Xm \bm-tXy-Xm\n `hn ac-W-enw-Km\n
14

Zqjo-hn-jhpw cs Zpjn-n-nv {hWw, InSn-`-Ip-jvTw, tImTw Fo e-W--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb tcmK-sf Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. (Zq-jo-hn-js kw_-nv kp{ip-X-n hfsc hnkvX-cnp ]d-n-p-v. AXns sNdn-sbm-cp-`mKw ChnsS ]d-bmw. bm-hcw PwKa Ir{Xn-awhm tZlm-Z-tijw bZ-\nKXw XPow hnj-Lv\u-j-[n-`nl-Xwhm `mhmn hmXm-X-]-tim-jn-Xw-hm, kz`m-htXm hm KpW hn{]-lo\w hnjw-ln-Zpjo hnj-Xm-ap-ss]Xn am{X-a ZqjnXw tZi-Im-em Znhm-kz-]vss\-c-`o-vW-ix. bkvam Zqj-btX [mXq Xkvam Zpjo hnjw-kvarXw CXn. Zqjo-hn-js kw_-nv IqSp-X Adn-b-W-sa-n kp{ipXw Iev]-m\w t\m-Ww.) C{]-Imcw hnjw hmXmZn Hmtcm tZmj-tbpw Zpjn-n-nv {]mWs\ \in-n-p--Xm-Wv. am{X-a hnjw AXns tXP-p-sImv c-{km-hs Dm-p-Ibpw \h-Zzm-c--tfbpw AS-p-I-f-bp-Ibpw sNbvXnv Pohn-Isf sImp--Xp-am-Ip-p. hnjw IpSnp acn--hs hnjw lrZ-b-nepw ]mv apX-em-bh ISnpw hnj-ap ikv{X- apX-em-bh Gddpw acn-N-XvN-hs hnjw `qcn-`m-Khpw Zwi-{]-tZ-i-nepw nXn sNp--Xm-Ip-p. Npv \oe-\n-d-am-hp-I, Zwi-{]-tZ-i-nepw ]n\pw inYn-e-X-bp-m-hpI tcmaw ]nSn-p-h-en-m Ffp--n sImgn-p-t]m-hp-I, AwK-`w-K-ap-m-hp-I, ssIIm-ep-I An-mbn CSp-I, shw-sImv \\-m tcmaw ico-c-nXs ]d-dn-\n-evp-I, hSn-sIm--Sn-m AhnsS ]nWm-Xn-cn-p-I, tZl-n apdn-m cw hcm-Xn-cn-p-I, Ch ac-W-e--W--fm-Ip-p.

Gt`ym ƒ\yYm NnInkm tXjm-tm-]-{I-amir-Wpta
a{m-cn-jvtSm I\ \njv]o-U\ Nqj-Wmn ]cn-tjImx
Ah-Km-l\ c-tam-W ha-\-hn-tc-tIm-]-[m-\m\n
lrZ-bm-h-c-Wm-RvP\ \ky-[q-a-te-sluj[ {]Y-a-\m\n
{]Xn-km-cWw {]Xn-hnjw kwm kwm-]\w te]x
arX-k-RvPo-h-\-ta-hN hnwi-Xn-tctX NXp`n-c-[nIm
kypcq-]-{I-am-b-Ymtb b{X-tbmPymx irWp-X-Ym-Xm
15

acW e-W- ImWm hnj-tcm-Knsb NnIn-n--Ww. kmy-am-b-h-bpsS NnIn Rm ]d-p-X-cmw tIp-[-cn-p-sIm-p-I. 1-a-{w, 2-I-Sn-s]--Xn-\p-aosX NcSv sI, 3-Io-dn-sb-Sp-p-I-f-b, 4-]n-gn-s-Sp-, 5-hm-b-sImv ISn-hm-bn \nv hen-s-Sp-, 6-Xo-sImv s]mn- 7-[m-c, 8-ap-n-bn-cp-, 9-c--tam--Ww, 10--On-n-, 11--hn-tc-Nn-n-, 12--s\-d-dn-bn Iodn Huj[w shbv, 13--lr-Zb c-p Huj-[-tk-h, 14--A-RvP-\w, 15--\-kyw, 16--[q-aw, 17--te-lw, 18--A-K-Z-tbm-K-, 19--aq-nqSn Huj[w DuXn--b-d-d, 20--Hu-j-[--fnp Xncp-, 21--hn-]-co-X-hn-jw, 22--t_m-[s \ne-\n, 23--te-]-\w, 24--ar-X-k-RvPo-h\n Ch 24-hn[n-ep NnIn--I BIp-p. Cu NnIn--I GsXm-cmv F{]-Imcw GsXmw hn[-n {]tbm-Knmw Fp--Xns\ kw_-np ]d-p-Xcmw tIp sImp-I.

Zwimp hnjw ZjvS-ky-hn-krXw sshWnImw `njIv _zm
\njv]o-U-tbZv {ZpXw Zwi-ap--tc a-hw hm
Xw Zwiw hm Nptjap-tJ\ bh-Nq-]mw-ip-]qt\
{] irwK-P-eu-tIm-hy-[ss\x {kmhyw XtXm-cw
cthnj-{]-ZpjvtS Zptjy {]Ir-Xn-kvX-X-kvXy-tP {]mWm
Xkvam {]LjssW ckrIv h-am\w {]hyw-kym
16

]mn-\m ISn-s]--hs hnjw ISne-p-\nv ico-c-n hym]n-p--Xn\p apmbn sshZy ISn-s]--Xns D]-cn-`m-K-mbn sIn-bnv W-n hnjs sRn-sb-Spp If-b-Ww. AYhm ISn ew apdn-s-Spp If-bp-Itbm sN-Ww. a-m-\-m-sW-n apdn--cpXv ImcWw apdn--Xp-sIm-v acn-p-t]m-sb-p-h-cmw. AYhm bh-ns Nqtam atd-d-sX-nepw Nqtam hmbn \ndp hmb-sImv Zwi-{]-tZ-ip \nv hen-s-Sp-p-Itbm sNmw,. (hmbn s]mtm {hWtam Ds-n hmb-sImv hen-sSp--cp-Xv.) AXn-\p-tijw ISn-hm-bn ikv{XwsImv Iodntbm sImv shtm AsbCtm kncm-th[w sNbvtXm c-tam-Ww sN-Ww. cw hnjw sImv Zpjn-m ico-c-ns \ne-\n-ev]n\v Imc-W-amb {]IrXn Zpjn-p--Xm-Wv. {]IrXn Zpjn-m {]mW-sf XyPnpw AXm-bXv acn-p-t]m-Ip-sa-w. AXp-sImv Zqjn-X-amb cw ikv{Xm-Zn-{]-tbm-K--sf-smv ]pd-tv t]mIp-n-s-n AhnsS Xmsg-]-d-bp Huj-[--fnp Xncpn cs ]pd-tv If-tb--Xm-Ip-p.

{XnI-Sp-Kr-l-[q-a-c-P\o ]-h-eWmx k hmImx
Lj-W-aXn {]hrt hSm-Zn`nx ioXf {]te]x
cw ln hnjm-[m\w hmbp-cn-hmt {]tZ-l-tk-ssI-kvX
iossXx kvIXn XkvankvIt hy]-bmXn hnj-thKx
hnj-th-Km-Z aqm hnjm-KZ lrZ-b-{Zhmx {]htX
iossX \nh-tbXm \ho-Py tema-ljx kym
XXp-cn-h-aq-e-tO-Zmw it-Zm hrn-ta-Xn-hnjw
B Nqj-W-am-\-b\w Pe-ky-tk-Xp-cy-Ym-X-Ym-cnjvSmx
17

Npv, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Xn-en, C---cn, a, ]-e-h-W- (C-p-v, Ip-v, Imcp-v, hnf-bp-v, skuh-e-D-v) sNdp-h-Zn-\n-thcv Ch kaw FSpp s]mSn--s]mSn apdn-hm-bn-en-p-Xn-cp-n-bm cw {khn-pw. cw IqSp-X-embn {khn-p-I-bm-sW-n \mev]m-a-c-ns tXme-cp ioX-f-te-]\w sN-Ww. c-am-Is hnj-ns B{i-b-m-\-am-Ip-p. B cw Ansb hmbp-sh--t]mse ioX-f-amb te]-\--sf-smpw [mc-I-sf-smpw In-bm-Ip--Xm-Wv. hnj-hm-[m-\-amb cw In-bm-Ip--Xm-bm hnj-th-K- Ipd-bp--Xm-Wv. hnj-th-Kw-sImv at\m-hn-{`-aw, tamlm-e-kyw, ZpxJw, lrZ-b-{Z-hXzw Ch Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. Ch-tbbpw ioX-f-amb te-]\w sImpw [mc-sImpw iannt-XmWv tcmam--ap-m-Ip--Xp-hsc hoip-Ibpw thWw. thcv apdn-m hrw hf-cm-Xn-cn-p--Xp-tcmse ISn-hm-bn Iodn c-tam-Ww sNbvXm hnjw hn-p--X-. hmb-sImpw Cun FSp-p--Xm-bm Aev]w hym]n--Xmb hnjw IqSn ]pd-tv t]mIp--Xm-Wv.ISn-s]--Xns ta`m-Kv sIp--Xm-bm Hgp-Ip shs sIn-\nn-bm-se--t]mse hnjw ico-c-n hym]n-m-Xn-cn-p--Xm-Wv.

XzMvamwk-KtXm Zmtlm Zl-Xn-hnjw {khWw lc-Xn-c-m
]oXw hass\x ktZym-l-tcZv hntc-ssI ZznXo-tbXp
BZu-lr-Zbw cyw Xkym-h-cWw ]nt_Zv bYm-em`w
a[p-kn am\w ssKcn-I-aY tKma-b-ckw hm
Cpw kp]-Iz-a-Yhm ImIw \njv]oUy X{Z-kw-hm-aew
OmKm-Zo\mw hm krKv `kva-arZw hm ]nt_-Zmip
mtcm ƒK-Z-kvXr-Xotb timY-lcw O\w ka-[zw_p
tKma-b--Xpt thtK k I]n a[p-kn`nx
ImIm-WvU-in-co-jm`ymw kzc-tk-\m-tym-X-\m-RvP-t\-\kyw
kym]-ta ƒY jjvtT kwm-kw-m-]-\w-Imcyw
tKm]n bp cP\o aRvPn-jvTm-a-cnN ]n-eo-]m\w
hnj-]m\w ZjvSm\mw hnj-]otX Zwi\w Nmt
18

N-nepw amwk-nepw nXn-sN-p hnjw temlm-Zn-I X]n-ntm atddm t]m-n-p--Xm-bm Zln-p-t]m-Ipw. c-n nXn-sN-p hnjw c-K-tam--Ww-sImv \in-p--Xm-Wv. IpSn--hnjw DS-s\-Xs On-n-p--Xp-sImv \in-p--Xm-Wv. IpSn hnj-ns cm-as thK-n AXm-bXv Bam-i-b-n \nv hnp-I-gn-m hntc-N-\w-sImv \in-p--Xm-Wv. ha-\-hn-tc-N-\- sNp--Xn-\p-ap-mbn BZyw lrZ-bs cn--Ww. lrZ-b-ns Bh-c-W-n-\mbn C\n--d-bp Huj-[--fn GsX-nepw HvAtm Inn-b-X-\p-k-cnp IpSn--Ww. hnj-ns BZy-th-K-n tX, s\v, a, Imhn-av Ie-nb shw, NmW-I-\o-cv, \ aqs-nb Icn-n\ocv Ch-bn-te-sX-nepw IpSn--Ww. cm-as thK-n Im amwkw thhnp ]ngn-s-Sp cktam BSv apX-em-b-h-bpsS ctam NmW-I-h-cSn Nps-Sp `kvawIe-nb shtam DSs\IpSn--Ww. aqm-as thmK-n mc-A-KZw tim^-c-lu-j-[--fntem O-\u-j-[--fntem tX\pw shhpw tN-Xntem sImSp--Ww. \mem-as thK-n NmW-I-\ocv hnfm--g-c-k-ntem tX\ntem s\ntem tNp-sIm-Sp--Ww. Am-as thK-n ImI--\n-n-bp-tSbpw s\t\n hmI-bp-tSbpw kzc-kwsImv In Dud-dn-p-Ibpw ARvP-\-an-Sp-Ibpw \kywsNp-Ibpw thWw. Bdm-asthK-n t_m[w \ne-\np-hm-\mbn a, ]qh-w, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Xnen Ch-bpsSIjm-b-n tKmtcm-N\w tNp-sIm-Sp--Ww. Ggm-asthK-n ]mpISn--hs\ aqe-hnjw IpSn-n-p-Ibpw hnjwIpSn--hs\ ]mn-s\-smv IpSn-n-p-Ibpw sN-Ww.

inJn-]n-m-bpXw kym ]em-i-_n-P-a-K-tZm-ar-tX-jp-hcx
hmm-I-^m-Wn-Xm-Km-c-[qa tKm]n \nw_w hm
tKm]n--bp-ssX KpUnIm kpc-tkm{Km Zznc-P\o a[p-I-IpjvssTx
ikvXm-ar-tX-\-Xpeym incoj ]pjv]-Im-Im-WvU-c-ssk hm
ImI-WvU-kp-c-k-K-hmo ]p\ hm hmbko inco-j-^ssex
XZz-Z-cn-jvS-P-e-artX te]u-j[ \ky-]m-\m\
19

Na-X-p-cp-hns ]IpXn abn-ens ]nw tN-cp AKZw hnjw-sImv arX-{]m-b-am-bn-p--Xn ]m\-te-]-\m-Zn-Iv t{ijvT-amb AK-Z-am-Ip-p. AYhm sNdp-h-Zn-\n-_o-Pw, i-c-m-hv, C---cn, tKmtcm-N-\w, thne Chkaw FSp--c-p-m-p AK-Zhpw hnjw-sImv arX-{]m-b-am-b-Xn t{ijvT-am-Ip-p. AYhm Xpf-ko-]p-jv]w, hb-v, a, ac-a--tm-ev, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, sImw, Ch tKm]nwtN-cp Kpfn-I-bmn D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xpw hnjw-sImv arX-{]m-b-am-bn-p--Xn lnX-am-Ip-p. AYhm kpc-kmZn Huj-[- s\t-\n-hm-I-q-hn-sbpw Im--\n-n-bn-e-bp-tSbpw kzckn AcpKpfn-I-bmn D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xpw arX-k-RvPo-h-\n-bm-Ip-p. Im--\n-n-bn-e, Xpf-ko-]p-jv]w, Imp-sh--cn-th-cv, sXgp-Xm-a-th-cv, Ima-am-No, inco-j-]pjv]w Ch-sIm-p-m-p Kpfn-Ibpw arX-k-RvPo-h-\n-bm-Ip-p. Cu AK-Z--sfmw arX-{]m-b-amb hnj-n {]tbm-Kn-p--Xp-t]m-se-Xs sIn-qn arX-{]m-b-am-b-Xnepw sh-n hoWp arX-{]m-b-am-b-Xnepw te]-\--\-ky--]m-\-mbn D]-tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Wv.

kv]rm-h utWb Imn-ssi-teb tcmN-\m-X-Icw
[yma-I-Ip-pa amwko-kp-c-km-ss{K-eme IpjvTLv\w
_rl-Xo-in-coj ]pjv]-{io-thjvS ]-Nm-cSo hnimemx
kpc-Zmcp ]-tI-kc kmh-c-I-a\x inem-Iuyx
PmXy-]p-jv]-ck cP-\o-Zzb lnwKp ]n-eo-emmx
Pe-ap-ZvK-]o N\ aZ-\-a-[pI knq-hm-cm
iw]m-I-tem{ abq-cI K-^-eo-\m-Ipeo hnUw-Km
]ptjy kwlr-Xykw ]njvSzm-Kp-SnIm hnt[bmx kypx
k-hn-jLvt\m Pb-Ir hnj-ar-X-k-RvPo-ht\m Pzc-\n-lm
t{Lb hnte-]\ [mcW [qa-{K-l-ssW Krl-
`qX-hn-j-Pz evao Im-W-a-{my i\y-co l\ym
`qkz]v\ kv{XotZm-jm\ Ime-a-c-Wmw-_p-Nu-c-`bw
[\-[m-\y-Im-cy-knn {in ]pjvSym-bp hnh-t\m-[\yx
arX-k-RvPo-h\ Gj {]mK-ar-XmZv {_-Wm-hn-lnXx
arX-k-RvPo-ht\m ƒKZx
20

tNm\-I-p-v, Ibn-ap--, XqWn-bm-w, Imhn-a-v, tNtebw (I--Zw), tKmtcm-N-\w, XI-cw, \mp-I-p-v, Ipp-aw, PSm-am-n, Xpf-ko-]p-jv]w, Ge--cn, Acn-Xm-cw, Icn-m-en, sNdp-h-Zn-\n-th-cv, s\t-\n-hm-I-q-hv, Xncp-h---i, ]-Nm-c-Sn, Imp-sh--cn-th-cv, tZh-Xm-cw, Xma-c-b-n, ]m-tXm-d-dn-tm-ev, a\-n-e, Atc-Wp-Iw, ]n-I-q-hn-tbpw Fcp-n]q-hn-sbpw ckw, a, ac-a--tm-ev, Imbw, Xn-en, tIme-c-v, Ccp-th-cn, Imp-]-b-dnIn-g-v, N-\w, ae--c-, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, Icn-s\m-n-th-cv, sIm-tm-ev, Nph ]mtm-d-dn-tm-ev, IS-em-Sn-th-cv, Rmgq-hv, Ac-, hngm-ecn Ch kaw ]qw \-{X-n FSpp ip-P-e-X-n Acp Kpfn-I-bm--Ww. CXv k-hn-j--tfbpw \in-n-pw, hnP-b-{]-Z-am-Wv. hnjwsImv arX-{]m-b-am-b-hsc Pohn-n-pw. Pzcs \in-n-pw. CXv hmk-\n-n-p-Ibpw ico-c-n te]\w sNp-Ibpw tZl-n [cn-p-Ibpw [qa-]m\w sNp-Ibpw hon shp-Ibpw sNbvXm `qX-_m-[, hnj-_m-[, Pp-_m-[, Ae--dvan, B`n-Nm-c-a-{-tZm-jw, An-`bw CSn-an--en \np `bw, i{Xp-`bw Chsb \in-n-pw. Zpxkz-]v\w, kv{Xoh-io-I-c-W-tZm-jw, AIm-e-a-c-Ww, Pe-`-bw, tNmc-`bw Ch-tbbpw \in-n-p--Xm-Wv. [\-kn-nbpw [m\y-kn-nbpw k-Imcy knn-bp-ap-m-Ip-\w. ico-c-Im-nsb ]pjvSn-s-Sp-pw. Bbp-ns\ hn-n-pw. [\y-am-Wv. Cu arX-k-RvPo-h\n AKZw Aar-Xp-m-p--Xn\p apmbn {_m-hn-\m Dm--s--Xm-Ip-p.

ass{ [a-\o-_tm ƒ]m-am\w Imcy-am c-W
tZmj-ky-hnjw bky-m-t\-kym Xw Ptb]qw
hmX-mt\ tkztZm Z[v\m \X-IpjvT Iev-]m-\
a[p-Lr-X-]tbmw ƒ_p]m-\m-h-Kml tkIm ]nt
mtcm ƒKZx I^-m\ KtX-tkz-Z-kvXYm kncm-hy-[\w
Zpjo-hntj ƒY c-ntX kncm-I ]-hn[w
t`j-P-tahw I]yw `njPm hnmb k-Zm-kw
m\w-P-tb ]qw m\-kym hncp--RVvN
21

kn-a-{--tf-smv [a-\o-_w sNp-Ibpw hnj-an-d-p-Ibpw B-c--sN-p-Ibpw thWw. hnjw hmXmZn GXv tZmj-ns m\-mtWm nXn-sN-p-Xv BtZmjs BZyw Pbn--Ww. hnjw hmX-m-\-mWv nXn-sN-p--sX-n hnbn-p-Ibpw XI-chpw sImhpw Acp ssXcntNp sImSp-p-Ibpw thWw. ]n-m-\-m-sW-n tX, s\v, ]mev, ip-Pew ChIpSn-p-Ibpw ip-P-e-n apn-bn-cp-p-Ibpw ip-PewsImv [mc sNp-Ibpw th-Ww. hnjw I^-m-\-m-sW-n mc AKZw sImSp-p-Ibpw hnbn-p-Ibpw kncm-th[w sNbvXp cw\op-Ibpw thWw. Zqjo-hnjw c-n-emWv nXn-N-sX-p--sX-n Ap-hn-[-n-ep kncm-th[w sN-Ww. sshZy C{]-Imcw Imcyw a\-n-em-n-bnv Fmhnj-nepw Fm-bvtmgpw FmHuj-[--tfbpw {]tbm-Kn-t--Xm-Wv. hnjw hmXmZn GXv tZmj-ns m\-tWm \nevp-Xv Bm\s BZywPbn--Ww. m\-hn-cp--amb NnIn sNbvXp-t]m-hp-Ibpw Acp-Xv.

hnj-Zq-jnX I^-am-t{kmXx kwtcm-[-cp hmbpkvXp
arX Ch iztkayx kymZ-kmy enwssK hnlo-\
N-I-jmbmx Ievw hnem-kaw aqv\n-Im-I-]-Z-aky
IrXzm-Z-Zym IS-`o-I-Sp-I-I-Sv^e {][-a-\
OmK-K-hy-am-ln-jm-hn-I-Iu-p-Sm-_vP-amwkm
ZZym ImI-]-tZm-]-cn-at hntj-ssWh klkm
\mkmn I-Pnlzm IWvT-\n-tcm-t[jp I-\kvXx kym
hmm-I-_oP ]pc-I-tPym-Xn-jva-Xym-Zn`nx ]njvssSx
ARvP-\-a-yp] Ihyw hkvX-aq{X ]njvssSkvXp
Zmcp-thym-j-l-cn{Zm Ic-ho-c-I-cRvP \nw_-kp-c-ssk-kvXp.
22

hnjw-sImv Zqjn-X-amb I^w izmk-\m-f-n XS-bp--Xp-sImv hmbp XS-b-sp ac-W-a-Sp a\p-jy izkn-p--Xp-t]mse izkn-p--Xm-bn-cn-pw. Fm AXv Akmy e-W-a-. B Ah--bn Ahs aqm-hn ImIm-I-bpsS Imens BIr-Xn-bn Iodn Hcp-]ew N-Ij (km-X-em) Acp AhnsS shp AXn-\p-tijw sNdp-p--bcn, {XnI-Sp, tZh-Xm-fn-pcp Ch-bpsS Nqw aqn hen-p-I-b-d-d-Ww. AYhm DuXn--b-d-d-Ww. hnj-th-Kw-sImv s]sv tamlm-e-ky-s-p-t]m-bm aqm-hn ImI-]-Zm-Ir-Xn-bn ({Xn-tIm-Wm-Ir-Xn-bn) Iodn-bnv AhnsS Bn-ttbm ]ip-hn-ttbm t]mn-ttbm ]in-hn-ttbm t]mn-ttbm Ipdn-bm-Sn-ttbm tImgn-bp-tStbm Pe-Po-hn-I-fp-tStbm amwkw th-Ww. aqv, Iv, Iw, \mhv, IWvTw Ch-bpsS {]h\w XS-p-t]m-hp-I-bm-sW-n \kyw sN-Ww. sNdp-h-gp-Zn-\n-bn-etbm sNdp-\m-c-tbm jUv hntc-N-\o-b-n ]d tPymXn-jva-Xym-Zntbm ]ngn \ocv \ky-n-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. t\{X-tcm-K-nU tZh-Xm-cw, {XnI-Sp, a, Ic-ho-cw, DnIp-cp, thntXm-ev, Xpf-ko-]p-jv]w, Ch Bn aq{X-n-e-cp ARvP\w sN-Ww.

tizXm-h-Nmiz Km-lnw-Kz-arXm IpjvT-ssk-hw eiq\w
kj-]-Ip-]n--ayw Spp-I-aq-e-I-cRvP _oPm\n
thymjw inco-j-]pjv]w tZzN-\nti hwi-tem-]-\--kaw
]njvSzm-Y-h-kvX-aq-t{XW NtKm--]n-t\ k]vXmlw
hymXymk `mhntXm ƒbw \nln inc-nXw hnjw-n{]w
k-Pzc `qX-{Kl hnjq-NnIm Po-aq-mn
Dm-Zm-]-kvamcu ImN-]-Se \oen-Im-intcm tZmjm
ipjvIm-n-]mI ]nm_p-Zm IWvUp-Xtam tZmjm
b-Zu_ey aZm-Xyb ]mWvUp-K-Zmw-m-RvP-\m XYm-tam-lm
te]mZv ZnKv-X eoV ZjvSm-Zy-jvS-hn[ hnj-LmXo
Aix kzm\-tjp N KptZ-te-t]m, tbm\n-te-]\w kv{XoWmw
aqtV-Kt`, ZpjvtS eem-S-te]x {]Xn-iymtb
hru-In-Snt` IpjvtT izn{X-hn-Nn-Im-Zn-jp-te]x
KP Ch Xcq hnj-K-Zm \nl-y-KtZm K-l-kvtXyjx
CXn-K--lkvXo \mam-KZx.
23

shfp hb-v, Aap-p-cw, Imbw, Nnd-d-ar-Xv, sImw, Cp-v, shp-n, ISp-Iv, hnfm--g-ns a, ]m-\-th-cv, DnIp-cp, {XnI-Sp, s\t-\n-hm-I-q-hv, a, ac-a--tm-ev, apf-q-cw, Ch kaw FSp--cp Ggp-Zn-hkw Bn aq{X-nepw Ggp-Zn-hkw tKm]n--nepw CS-hn-n-S-hnv `mh\ sNbvtX-Sp--Ww. AXm-bXv Hcp Znhkw Bn aq{X-n `h-\-sN-bvsX-Sp-m ]ntdd Znhkw tKmtcm-N\w Ie-n-b sh-n `mh\ sN-Ww. C{]-Imcw cnepw GgoXv Znhkw `mh\ sN-W-sa-w. Cu AKZw Xe-bn nXn sNp hnjs W-n \in-vpw. k-hn[ Pzcw, `qX-_m-[, {Kl-_m-[, hnjq-Nn-Im, APow, tamlm-e-kyw, Dm-Zw, A]-kvam-cw, ImNw, ]S-ew, \oen-I, (Ch aqpw t\{X-tcm-K--fm-Ip-p) intcm-tcm-Kw, ipjvIm-n-]m-Iw, ]n, A_p-Zw, Nw, (Ch \mepw t\{X-tcm-K--fm-Ip-p) Iv sNmdn-n, In-cp--S-, bw, Zp_-e-X, aZm-Xy-bw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, C{nb hn{`aw Chsb Cu AK-Zw-sImv ARvP\w sNbvXm ian-n-pw. CXp-sImv te]\w sNbvXm hnjw ]pc-nb ikv{Xw-sIm-p hnjw, ]q apX-em-b-h-bpsS \Jw apX-em-b-h-sIm-p-mb X-hn-jw, tel\w sN-s hnjw, km-Zn-I-fpsS ISn-hn-jw, tX apX-em-b-h-bpsS hn-hn-jw, Zpjo-hn-jw, Kcw (Iq-p-hn-jw) Fo Fp hn[-n-ep hnj--tfbpw \in-n-pw. CXv KpZ-n te]\w sNbvXm Aipw hbdv hopw ian-pw. aqV-K`-n kv{XoI-fpsS tbm\n-bn te]\w sN-Ww. ZpjvS-]o-\-k-n CXv s\d-dn--S-n te]\w sNWw CXv hrn-tcm-K-nepw InSn` IpjvT-nepw izn{X-nepw hnNnI apX-em-b-h-I-fnepw te]\w sNp-hm D-a-am-Ip-p. Cu K-lkvXn F AKZw hnj-tcm-K-sf aZn B\ hr-s-sb--t]mse \in-n-p--Xm-Wv.

]{Xm-Kp-cp-ap-kvX-ssXem \ncymkmx ]-N-\w XYm-]rm
XzMv\-f-tZw]e _me ltcWp tImio-c-hy-{Lm-\Jx
kpc-Zmcp I\-I-Ip-p-a-[yma IpjvT-{]nbw Kh-kvX-Kcw
]mw-Km\n inco-jm thymjm-e-a\x inem-PmPyx
tizXm-I-S`o IcRvtPm ctmLv\x knp-hm-cn-Im-c-P\o
kpc-kmRv-P\ ssKcnI aRvPnjvTm \nw_-]{X \ncymkmx
hwi-Xz-K-iz-Km lnwKp-Z-[n-mavf thX-kw-hrmx
a[p-a-[pI tkma-cm-Poh Nmcp-lmtcm N\m-X-Icw
AKtZm ƒbw ssh{i-h-Wm-bm-Jym-X-kv{Xyw-_-tI-W-j-jvSywKx
A{]-Xn-lX {]`mhx kvartXm-a-lm-K lkvXoXn
]nt-\-\hmw t]jym-Kp-UnIm knmXp ]pjy-tbm-tKW
]m\mRvP\ {]tess]x {]km-[-tb k-ImWn
]nw IWvUq-Xn-ancw cm{Xyw ImN-a_p-Zw-]-Sew
ln-k-XX {]tbm-Km-nX anX-]-m-in-\mw-]pwkmw
hnj-a-Pz-cm\ Pom Z{Zp-IWvUq hnjq-Nn-Im-]mamx
IpjvTw InSn-`w-izn{Xw hnNnImw tNm]-l-n-\rWmw
hnj-aq-jnI eqXm\mw ktjmw ]Km-\m
Bip-hnjw \mi-b-tX aqe-a-P-aY IPw khw
GtX\ en]vX-Km{Xx km KrlvWmXn `-tb--hnjw
Ime-]-cotXm ƒ]n \tcm Poh-Xn-\nXyw \ncm-Xx
B\t KpZ-tet]m tbm\n-te-] aqV-K`-aWmw
aqmn-jpN eemtS te]-\-amlpx {][m-\-Xaw
t`co-ar-ZwK ]S-lm O{Xm-Wy-ap\m XYm-[z-P-]-XmImx
en]vXzm ƒln-hnj \nckvssXy {][m-\m-b Zi-tba-Xn-am
b{X Nk-n-ln-tXmbw \ X{X _me-{Klm \c-mwkn
\ssN-h-Im-W-a{m `hn \mYh-tWm-a{mx
kh-{Klm \ X{X {]`-hn \ Nmn ikv{X-\r-]-Nucmx
evao X{X `PtX b{X alm-K lkvXykvXn
kw]n-jy-amtW Nmt{Xaw kn-a-{-ap-Zm-l-tc
aa-amXm Pbm-\ma Ptbm-\m-ta-Xnta ]nXm
tkm ƒlw Pb Pbm-]pt{Xm hnPtbm ƒY Pbm-anN
\x ]pcp-j-knw-lmb hnjvWth hniz-ItW
k\m-I-X-I-\mb IrjvWmb `hmb hn`-hmb N
tXtPm hrjm-It^x kmm ItX-tPm-{_-t-{-tbmbta
bYmlw \m`n-Pm-\man hmkq-tZh ]cm-Pbw
amXp ]mWn-{K-lWw kap-{Zky N timjWw
At\\ kXy-hm-tIy\ kny-Xm-aK tZmlybw
\nln-\nln an\n an\n kwkrjvtS
c-khwt`j-tPm--ta-kzm-lm.
alm-K lkvXo\m amKZx
24

]n-e, AIn, ap-, Ge--cn, ]-\n-cym-kw, (sN--eyw, KpKp-ep, A^o, inem-c-kw, AnI-d) N-\w, tNm\-I-p-v, Ce-hw-Kw, PSm-am-n, \oe-ma-c, Ccp-th-cn, Atc-Wp-Iw, cma-w, ]pen-p-h-Snth-cv, tZh-Xm-cw, \mK-q-hv, Ipp-aw, \mp-I-p-v, sImw, Rmgq-hv, XI-cw, inco-j-]-mwKw (s\-t-\n-hm-I-bpsS thcv, tXmev, Ce, ]pjv]w, ^ew) {XnI-Sp, Acn-Xm-cw, a\p-n-e, Poc-Iw, shfp--h-b-v, sNdp-p--b-cn, DnIp-cp, ISpIv Icn-s\m-n-th-cv, a, Xpf-kn-]p-jv]w, ARvP-\--v, Iohn-a-v, ]qh-w, thn-e, thns Id, apf-bpsS ]pdwtXmev, Aap-p-cw, Imbw, hnfm--gw, ]pfn-h-n-m-b, sIm-tm-ev, tX, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, tXmh-cm-bn-th-cv, hb-v, s]cp-p-dp--th-cv, a--I-cw, Cu 60--Xcw Huj-[--tf-sm-p-m-p AKZw inh ssh{i-h-W\v D]-tZ-in--s--Xm-Ip-p. A]m-c-{]-`m-h-ap--Xmb Cu AK-Z-ns t]cv alm-K--lkvXn Fm-Ip-p. CXv ]qbw \-{X-n tKm]n--n-e-cp Kpfn-I-bm--Ww. CXns ]m\--A-RvP-\--te-]\{]tbm-K--tf-smv k-Im-cy-fpw km[n-pw. CXv lnXhpw anXhpw ]y-hp-amb Blmcw ioen-p-sImv XpS-bmbn tkhn-p--hs ]n, sNmdn-n, Xnan-cw, cmv ImWm-bva, ImNw, A_p-Zw, ]Sew Fo t\{X-tcm-K- \in-p--Xm-Wv. CXv hnj-a-Pz-cw, APow, Z{Zp-Ip-jvTw, sNmdn-n, hnjq-Nn-I, ]ma-Iq-jvTw, IpjvTw, InSn-`-Ip-jvTw, izn{Xw, hnNnI Ch-tbbpw \in-n-p--Xm-Wv. CXv hnj-a-Pz-cw, APow Z{Zp-Ip-jvTw, sNmdn-n, hnjp-Nn-I, ]ma-Ip-jvTw, IpjvTw, InSn-`-Ip-jvTw, izn{Xw, hnNnI Ch-tbbpw \innp--Xm-Wv. CXv Fen-hn-j-tbpw Nne-n-hn-j-t-bpw, Fm-hn[ ]mp-I-fpsS hnj-tbpw k-hn[ aqe-hn-j-tbpw I-P-hn-j-tbpw W-n \in-n-p--Xm-Wv. CXv ico-c-n]pc-n-b-h\v k-sf ]nSn-p-Ibpw hnjw`n-p-Ibpw sNmw. bmsXmc]mbhpw DmIp-X-. ac-W-a-Sp--h-\m-bmqSn CXns D]-tbm-Kw-sImv bmsXmcp tcmKhpw IqSmsX PohnXw XpS-cp--Xm-Wv. CXv hbdv hon KpZ-n te]\wsN-Ww. aqm-tcm-K-n s\d-dn--S-n CXv te]\w sNp-Xv Gd-dhpw \-Xm-Ip-p. s]cp--d, arXw-Kw, V Ch-I-fn Cu AKZw]pcn hmZy-tLmjw sNbvXmepw A{]-Imcw IpS-bnepw sImSn-q-d-bnepw ]pcn hnj-_m-[-tb-d-d-hs\ ImWn-mepw hnjw \in-pw. GsXmcp Krl-n CuAKZw shp-pthm AhnsS _me-{K-l-_m-[tbm c-p-I-fpsS _m[tbm Dm-Ip--X-. am{X-a A`n-Nmc {]hn-Itfm AY-th-Z-n ]d Zp-{-hm-Z-tZm-j-tfm ^en-p--X-. Cu AKZw shn-cn-p-t-Sv Hcp {Kl-pw Xs No-bmb{]`mhw ^en-n-p-hm Ign-bp--X-. AhnsS An, ikv{Xw, cmP-mhv I-m Ch-I-tf-sm-p `bw Dm-Ip--X-. FhnsS alm-K--lkvXn AK-Z-aptm AhnsS alm-evan hkn-p--Xm-Wv. Cu AKZw Ac-p-tm aa amXm Fp XpSn kzlmw htc-bp kn-a{w P]n-t--Xm-Wv.

Ej-`I Poh-I-b-jvSo-a-[p-tIm-ev]e [m\y-tI-k-cm-PmPyx
k-knX Kncn-tIm-e-a-yx-t]-bmx-izm-k-Pz-cm-Zn-lcmx
lnwKp N IrjvWm-bpw Ip]n bp-aq-{K-e-h-W
ka-[p-knXu ]mXhyu Pzc-lnm Imk-izm-kLv\u
telx tImem-y-RvP-\-em-tPm-ev]e LrssX hanw-ln
_rl-Xo-ZzbmVIo ]{X-[q-a-hnkvXp lnmLv\n
inJn-_l _e-Im-o\n kj-]m---\ LrX-bpw
[qtam-Kr-l-i-b-\m-k\ hkv{Xm-Znjp ikytX hnj-Pn
LrX-bpt \X-IpjvT `pPw-K-]-Xn-incx inco-j-Ip-kpaw hm
[qtam ƒKZx kvartXmbw k-hn-jLv\x izb-Yp-lr
PXp-tkhy ]{X-KpKpep `m-XI IIp` ]pjv]-k-ckmx
tizXm-[qam Dc-KmLp IoS-hkv{X {Inan-lcmx kypx.
25

CS-h-Iw, Poh-Iw, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, \oe-m-a-c, sIm-m-e-cn, \mK-q-hv, Poc-Iw, Imhn-a-v, e-p-cp-hns a Ch ip-P-e-n-e-c-p IenIpSn-m hnj_m[ Gd-d-h-\p-mb izmk-tcm-Kw, Pzcw apX-emb D]-{Z-h-hym-[n-I ian-pw. Imbhpw Xn-eo-Nqhpw IqSnbpw hnfm-p-g-c-khpw kuh-e-e-h-Whpw IqSnbpw tX\pw ]-km-cbpw tNptkhn-m hnj-tcm-Kn-p-m-Ip Pzcw, Fn-, Imkw, izmk-tcmKw Chian-pw. e-p-cp-hns a, ARvP-\--v, ae-cv, \oe-m-ac Ch kaw s]mSnp s\v tNp tel\w sNbvXm hnj-tcm-Kn-bpsS On ian-p--Xm-Wv. sNdp-h-gp-Zn-\n-bn-ebpw hh-gp-Zn-\n-bn-ebpw Xph-c-bn-ebpw IqSn]ngnp XpWn-bn apn Xncn-bp-mn Inp[qa-]m\w sNbvXm hnj-tcm-Kn-bpsS Fnian-pw. abno-en, sIm-bpsS An, ISp-Iv, N\w Chs]mSnp s\v tNp Xo-\-en-enp ]pIv hnj-tcm-Kn-bpsS honepw hncn-nepw Ccn-p-t-Spw [cn-phkv{Xm-Zn-I-fnepw ]pI-tb-ev]n-m hnjw ian-p-hm \-Xm-Ip-p. XI-chpw sImhpws]mSnp s\v tNtm k-ns Xebpw s\t-\n-hm-I-qhpw DW-n-sm-Snp s\v tNtm ]pIp ]pI-tb-ev]n-m Fm hn[ hnjhpwtim^hpw ian-pw. CXv [qaAK-Z-am-Ip-p. tIme-c-v, cma-w, ]n-e, KpKp-ep, tNp-cp, \oa-cp-Xn]q-hv, sN-eyw, shfp A]-cm-Pn-X, Chs]mSnp s\v tNpXo-\-en-enp ]pI-tb-ev]n-m ]mv, Fen, hrn-ImZn IoS-, hkv{X-n-ep-m-Ip Iran-I Ch \in-p-t]m-Ip--Xm-Wv.

Xcp-W-]-emi mcw {kpXw-]-tN-qnXx kl-k-amwssix
temlnX ar{Z-P0-\o-Zzb a[p-I-kp-ck ip-a-RvP-co`nx
emm-ssk-h amwko ltc-Wp-lnwKp Zznim-cn-_m-IpjvTx
kthym-j-hmn ssIZo-te-]\ L-tb-Zym-h
k-hn-j-timY Kpa-Xz-KvtZm-jmtim `K--c-ox
timYm-]-kvamc {Inan-`qX kzc-t`Z IWvUq-]m-WvUp-K-Zm
apm-n-Xzw-Imkw tkmmZw \mi-tb-bp-c-Y-]pwkmw
KpUn-Im-ivOm-bm-ipjvImx tIme-k-amkvXmx kap-]-bpmx. mc-Kp-UnImx.
26

aqs-m Na-X-bpsS hndIv Inmcw AXns \men-c-ntbm Bdn-c-ntbm sh-n 11--{]m-hiyw Acn-s-Spp Bsh-n AXn-\p-Xp-ey-ambn Imhn-a-v, a, ac-a--tm-ev, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, shfp Xpf-ko-]p-jv]w, tIme-c-v, Cp-v, PZ-Um-am-n, Atc-Wp-Iw, Imbw, henb \m-dn-n-g-v, sNdnb \m-dn-n-g-v, sImw, Npv, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Xn-en, Imbw Chkaw FSp-p-s]m-Sn s]mSnbpwtNp ]mIw-sNbvXp Nz-n ]d-dp]mI-n FSpp e-p-cp-hns hen--n Kpfn-I-bp-cpn \ng-en sh-Wn D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. CXv a\p-jy-cpsS k-hn-[-n-ep hnj-ho--t-bpw, Kp, XvKwtZm-jw, Ai-v, `K--cw, ol-tcm-Kw, tim^w, A]-kvam-cw, {Inan-tcm-Kw, `qX-_m-[-I, kzc-t`Zw sNmdn-n, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, An-am-yw, Imkw, DmZw Ch-tbbpw \in-n-p--Xm-Wv.

]oX-h-Z-jvS-hn-ttjz XZzn-tjN hmNy-ap-njvSw
kmam-\yXx ]rY-zm-nt-i-aXx irWp-b-Ym-h.
27

IpSn--hn-jw, ISn--hn-jw, tX apX-em-bhIpn-bm-ep hnjwapX-em-b-h-I-fn thp kmam\y NnIn]dp C\n {]tXyIw{]tXy-I-ap NnIn\nt-in-p-Xcmw hgn-{]-Imcw tIp-[-cn-p-sIm-p-I.

cn]p-bp-t-t`ym-\r`yx tkz`yx kv{Xot`ym AY-hm-`-bw-\r-]tXx
Blm-c-hn-lm-c-KXw Xkvam t{]jym ]co-t-X.
28

cmPm-hn\v i{Xp-`m-h-ap--h-cn\npw hy`n-Nm-c-tZm-j-h-Xn-I-fmb kzw kv{XoI-fn\npw A-]m-\m-Zn-I hgnbmbpw hkv{Xw, i, Bk\w apX-em-b-h-I hgn-bmbpw hnj-`bw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. AXp-sImv cmPm-hns\ ip{iq-jn-p-hm\pw ad-dp-ambn \ntbm-Pn--s-Sp `rXy-msc sshZy ]co-n-t--Xm-Wv.

AXy-i-nXx kymZv_-lp-hm-K-Y-hm]-hmKv hnK-X-evaox
{]m]vXx {]Ir-Xn-hn-Imcw hnj-{]-ZmXm \tcm-tbx
ZrjvssSz-hw-\Xp klkm t`mPyw-\y-tk XZ-{K-a-uXp
khnjw ln {]m]ymw _lq hnImcw `P-Xynx
inJn-_l hnNn-{Xmn-kvXovWx kcq IpW-]-K-n
kv^pSXn k i_vZ-ta-Im-htm hnl-Xmn-c-]n-N-kym
]m{X- hnhw t`mPyw-kyma-n-Im--am-c-bXn
ma-kz-c--ImIw Ipcym-Zn-hn-c-tP--tIm-cmn
29

hnjw sImSp--h Gd-dhpw i-bp--h-\mbpw IqSp-X kwkm-cn-p--h-\mbpw AYhm Aev]w-am{Xw kwkm-cn-p--h-\mbpw km[m-cW {]Ir-Xn-bn\nv amddw D-h-\mbpw ImWm-hp--Xm-sW--dn-b-Ww. C{]-Imcw ]co-n--dn-n-p-X-s-bm-bmepw Blm-c-km-[\w cmPm-hn\v s]sv sImSp--cp-Xv. AXn\nv Aev]w FSpp Xobn-enp ]co-n-NXvNp t\m-Ww. A{]-Imcw sNbvXm hnj-ap A-am-sW-n Anv ]e-am-Xncn hnIm-c-fpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. hnj-ap AwC-Xmb An-bpsSPzme abno-en-v t]mse ]e-am-Xncn h--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw XovW-ambpw cq-ambpw ih-ns K-tmSp IqSn-bp-an-cn-pw. i_vZ-tm-Sp-IqSn s]mn-s-dn-p--XmWv Hcp{]mhiyw Bfn--p-Ibpw s]s--p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Ip-p. hnj-ap Aw ]m{X-nhnf-n-bm \nd-t`-Z-ap-m-Ipw. AXn Cu-h-n-cp-m AXv Np-t]m-Iw. Im-hn-j-ap AsIm t\cnbkzc-n i_vZ-ap-m-pw. sNtmv hnj-ap As Im AXnsc Ins Nphv \ndw Cm-Xm-Ipw.

]mt\-\o-e-cmPo sshhy kzm-t\--tX-Ombmw
hnIr-Xm-a-Yhm ]iy-Xn-e-h-Wm-t-t^-\-am-e-kym.
30

IpSn-p sh-n hnjw Iem AXn \oe-\n-d-n-ep tcJ-I ImWp-Ibpw \nd-t`-Z-apmhpIbpw kzw\ng AXn ImWm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. AYhm \ng ImWp-I-bm-sW-n hnIr-X-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. hnjw Ie-Xmb sh-n Dv Ie-n-bm IqSp-X \pc-bp-m-Ip--Xp-am-Ip-p.

]m\m-tbmx khn-j-tbmK-t\ intcm-cp-Pm-lrZn N aqmN
kv]ti\ ]mWn-timYx k]vXyw-Kp-en-Zm-K-tXmZ \J-t`Zm
apJ-Xm-tezjvT Nnan-Nnam PnKzm-iq-\-h-Xo-PUm hnhmN
ZznP-lj l\p-kvXw-`m-ky-Zm-l-\m-\m-Kf hnImcmx
31

hnj-ap A-]m-\--fp-sS K-taddm Xe-th-Z-\bpw lrZ-b-th-Z-\bpw tamlm-e-ky-hp-ap-m-Ipw. hnj-ap A]m-\m-Zn-I ssIsImv sXmp-t]m-bm Iv hop-Ibpw Xcn-p-Ibpw hnc-en\v Npp-\o-depw Ipn-t\m-hp-ap-m-hp-Ibpw \Jw sImgn-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNpw. hnj-ap- A-]m-\m-Zn-I hmbn Bbn-tm-bm hmbnepw Am-nepw Npnepw Ran-n--dn-p--Xp-t]m-ep thZ-\-bp-m-Ipw, \mhv hop-Ibpw cpNn-b-dn-bm-Xm-hp-Ibpw h-t`-Z-ap-m-hp-I-bpw sNpw. Z-ljhpw l\p-kvXw-`hpw hmbn Npp-\o-depw \m\m-hn-[-n-ep Kf-hn-Im-c--fp-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw.

Bam-ibw {]hnjvtS sshhyw tkzZ-k-Z-\-aptZmx
ZrjvSn lrZ-tbm-]-tcmt[m _np-i-ssX-o-b-tX-NmwKw
]Izm-i-b-b-p-bmtX apm-aZ Zml-taml _e-\mimx
X{m-Imiy hntj-]m-p-Xz-tm-Z-c-t-kym.
32

hnj-ap A-]m-\m-Zn-I Bam-i-b-n-se-n-bm ico-c-n\v \nd-t`-Zhpw IqSp-X-embn hnbp-Ibpw Xf-cp-Ibpw a\w-]n-c--ep-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw. In-tbpw _rZ-b-n-tbpw {]h-\-n\v XS--ap-m-Ipw. ico-c-n \qdp-I-W-n\v _p-cq-]-n-ep ]nU-I-I Dm-hp-Ibpw sNpw. ]Izm-i-b-n-se-n-bm (sN-dp-Ip-S-en-se-n-bm) tamlm-ekyw at\m-hn-{`-aw, Npp-\o-d, C{n-b-ssh-Ir-Xw, _e-\miw Ch-bp-m-Ipw. hIp-S-en-se-n-bm aSn, icocw saen-bp-I, hnf Ch-bp-m-Ipw.

Zu-jvT-k-amw-k-tim^x iocy-S-t-Z--]-ht\ IqmkvXp
tIi-NypXnx intcm-cpIv {Ktbm hnio Iqx kym
ZpjvtS ƒRvPt\ ƒn-Zmlx {kmth ƒXyp-]-tZl timY-cm-Km
BssZy-cmZu tImjvTx kv]rssiy-kvXz-KvZ-lytX ZpjvssSx
kv\m\m`yw tKmkm-Z\ hkv{Xm-e-mc hssI ZpjvssSx
IWvUzntIm ]nU-Im-tcm-tam-ZvKa Nnan-Nnamx tim^mx
GtX N Ic-N-c-W-tXmZ Zml-am hn]m-I
`q]m-Zp-Im-iz-KP N-tIXp ib-\m-k-ss\ ZpjvssS
amey-a-K-w-avfm-bXn intcm-cpPm tcma-lj-Icw
kvXw`-b-Xn-Jm\n \mkm-ap-]-l-yY Zi-t\-[qax
Iq]-X-Um-Km-Zn-Pew ZpKw kI-epjw hnh
]oXw-iz-bYp tImTm ]nU-Im Itcm-Xn-a-c-W-.
33

]p-Xp-S-p {_jn hnjw-]-d-dn-bm ]v XpS-p-tm {_jv s]mSn-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw Z-amw-khpw Nppw hop-IbpwsNpw. Xe-bn tXp--tXtem Nontem hnj-ap-m-bm apSnsImgnp-t]m-hp-Ibpw Xe-th-Z-\-bp-m-hp-Ibpw Xe-bn apg-bp-m-hp-Ibpw Nov s]mSn-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNpw. In A-\-an-Sp--Xn hnj-ap-m-bm IN Npp-]p-I-nepw In\nv sh-sam-gp-Ip-Ibpw In IqSp-X Ftm-]p-c-n-b-Xp-t]m-se-bp-m-hp-Ibpw hop-Ibpw Iv Nph-p-Ibpw sNpw. hnj-Zp-jvS-amb A-]m-\m-Zn-I-tf-smv tImjvT-nepw kv]in-p-t]m-bm N-nepw BZyw-Xs Npp-\o-d-ep-m-Ip--Xm-Wv. Ipfn-p--sh-w, tXp--ssX-ew, sagpv Ipfn-bp-hm-\p-]-tbm-Kn-p hmI-smSn apX-emb Dm-Z-\-{Z-hyw, hkv{Xw, B`-c-Ww, ico-c-n\ndw ]nSn-n-p-hm-\p-]-tbm-Kn-p Nmbw apX-em-bh hnj-Zp-jvS-am-bm sNmdn-n, thZ-\, h-n-Wv ]nU-I-I, tcmam-w, Ddp--cn-p--Xp-t]mse tXmp-I, how, Ch-bp-m-Ipw. `qan, sNcn-v, khmcn sNp IpXn-c-p-dw, B\-bpsS ]pdw, ]XmI (_mUvPv) Dd-p hncn-v, Ccn-p Bk\w apX-em-bh hnj-Zp-jvS-am-bm ta]-d IWvUzm-Zn-Ifpw Ibn-Im-ep-I-fn Ipn-t\mhpw Npp-\o-depw Xfbpw ]gppw DmIp--Xm-Ip-p. [cn-p ]qame hnj-Zp-jvS-am-bm amev K-an-m-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw W-n hmSn-tm-hp-Ibpw sNpw. AXv [cn Bv Xe-th-Z-\bpw tcmam-hpw Dm-hp-Ibpw sNpw. [qa-]m-\w-sN-p--Xn hnjwIep-t]m-bm hmb, aqv apX-embt{kmX-p-I kvXw`n-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw hmk-\bpw ImgvN-i-nbpw \jvS-s-Sp-Ibpw sNpw. InW, Ipfw apX-em-b-h-bnse shw hnj-Zp-jvS-am-bm sh-nv ZpK--ap-m-hp-Ibpw Ie-p-Ibpw \nd-t`-Z-ap-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw. AXv IpSn-m how, h-n-Wv, ]nU-I-I Chsb Dm-p-Ibpw AYhm ac-W-s-Xs Dm-p-Ibpw sNpw.

BZu-Nm-am-i-btK ha\w XzIvt {]tZ-l-tk-ImZn
Ipcym `njIv NnInmw tZmj-_-e-ss-hln kany
CXn-aq-e-hnj hntijx t{]mmx irWp-Pw-K-a-kymXx
34

hnjw Bam-i-b-n nXn-sN-p-tm BZywXs On-n--Ww. hnjw tZl-n ]pc-n-p--Xn te]\w, [mc apX-em-bh sNWw. Fm C{]-Imcap NnIn sNp-tm sshZy tcmKn-bpsS hmXm-Zn-tZm-j-_-es t\mn NnInkn-t--Xm-Wv. C{]-Imcw aqe-hn-j (mh-c-hn-j) hnti-j-sf ]d-b-s-p. C\n PwKa hnj-hn-ti-js ]d-bmw.

khn-tij NnInknX tahmZu Xt{Xm-Nyp-tXXp kmWmw
Zo-Icm a-ent\m cmPo-a kvXssY-hN
km-b-Ym-{Iaw hmX-]n--tjva {]tIm-]Wmx
Zo-I-c-^-Wn-ttbm aem ƒ^Wmx
_nptetJm ln Nn{XmwKx ]Kx kymk-cm-Pn-am
hnti-jm ISpIw cqva-tmjvWw kzmZp ioXfw
hnjw bYm-{Iaw tXjmw XkvamZv hmXm-Zn-tIm-]\w
35

BZy-ambn k--fpsS hntij NnInksb ]d-bmw. hnj-ap]mp-I apJy-ambpw aqp-hn-[-n-em-Ipp. 1-aqJ, 2-a--en, 3 cmPnew ChbYm-{Ian aqJ-hnjw hmX-tbpw a-en-hnjw ]n-tbpw cmPn-e-hnjw I^-tbpw {]tIm-]n-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. ^W-ap-Xv aqJ\pw tZl-nhrm-Ir-Xn-bn ]pn-I-fp-Xpw ^W-an-m-Xpw a-en-bpw hne--n sh-\n-d-nepw ]e-h-n-ep-ambn hc-I-fp-Xv cmPn-ehpw BsW--dn-b-Ww. aqJm-Zn-I-fpsS hnjwhnti-jnv bYm-{Ian ISp--cqw, AwDjvWw, kzmZp--io-Xfw FoKpW--fp--Xm-Ip-p. AXp-sImv ISp--cq--amb aqJ-hnjw hmXs tIm]n-n-p-Xpw Atm-jvW-amb a-en-hnjw ]ns tIm]n-n-p-Xpw kzmZp--iq-X-f-amb cmPn-e-hnjw I^s tIm]n-n-p--Xp-am-Ip-p.

Zo-I-c-Ir-tXm-Zwix kqva-Zw-jvSm-]tZm ƒknXx
\cp--cx IqmtZm hmX-hym-[n-I-tcm-aXx
]rYznXx ktim-^ Zwtim-a-WvU-en`nx IrXx
]oXm`x ]oX-c- ]n-c hnIm-c-Ir
cmPn-aZv`nx IrtXm-Zwix ]nnex nc-tim-^-Ir
kv\nKvx ]mWvUpiv] km{m-krIv tjva hym[n-k-ao-cWx
36

aqJ ISnISn-hm-bn ]v XdAS-bmfw hfsc kqva-am-bn-cn-pw. AhnsS Idp-n-cn-pw. c-{kmhw Dm-Ip--X-. AhnsS Ba-bpsS ]pdw-s]mse Aev]w Dbn-cn-p-Ibpw hmX-hym-[nsb Dm-p-Ibpw sNpw. aWvUen ISn ISn-hmbv hep-Xm-bn-cn-pw, ho-ap-m-Ipw, a-\n-d-am-bn-cn-pw, a-\n-d-ap cw{khn-p-Ibpw ]n-tIm-]hpw c-tIm-]hpw Dm-hp-Ibpw sNpw, cmPnew ISnISn-hmbv hgp-h-gp-m-bn-cn-pw, nc-amb tim^-ap-m-Ipw, AhnsS kv\nKv-Xbpw ]mWvUp-h-hp-ap-m-Ipw. cw sImgp-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw I^-tcmKw hn-p-Ibpw sNpw.

hr-t`mtKm alm-Imbx izk Dutz--W-]p-am
kamwKx inc-km-qex kv{XoXzXx kymZzn-]-cy-bm
n_x {kkvX-kvXz-t[m-ZrjvSnx kzc-ln\x {]I-tX
kv{Xnbm-ZjvtSm hn]-cy-kvssX-tc`nx ]pwkm-\-tcm-aXx
hyman-{i-enw-ssK-tc-ssXkvXp iWvU-Z-jvSw-h-tZ-cw
CtXy XZpw kWmw kv{Xo]pw-n_ \nZi\w
]mWvUp-h-{kvXp K`n-Wym-iq-\ujvtTm ƒ]y-kn-tX-Wx
Prw`m-t{Im-t[m-]-Pn-lzmtm kqXbm c-aq-{X-hm
37

hrm-Ir-Xn-bn ^W-ap-Xpw henb ico-c-ap-Xpw ZoL-ambn izkn-p-Xpw taevt]mv t\mp-Xpw ico-c-n-se-m-Shpw Hcp-t]mse h-ap-Xpw Xe-X-Sn--Xp-amb kw ]pcp-j-k-am-Ip-p. CXn\p hn]-co-X-ambn AXm-bXv hrm-Ir-Xn-bn-e-m ^W-ap-Xpw sNdnb ico-c-ap-Xpw Aev]-ambn izkn-p-Xpw Iptm-p-t\m-p-Xpw ico-c-n Ahn-S-hn-sS-bmbn h-ap-Xpw Xe-t\-cn-b-Xp-amb kw kv{Xo k-am-Ip-p. ]pcpj k-n-tbpw kv{Xo k-n-tbpw an{i e-W--fp kw \]p-kI k-am-Ip-p. kv{Xok-m ISn-s]--h hoWp-t]m-hp-Ibpw Iptmv t\mp-Ibpw H-b-S-n-cn-p-Ibpw hnd-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Ip-p. ]pcp-j-k-m ISn-s]--h Cu ]d e-W-v hn]-co-X-e--W--tfmSp IqSn-b-h-\m-bn-cn-pw. AXm-bXv (]p-cp-j-kw ISn--h taevt]mv t\mp-Ibpw Ahs kzcw sXfn-n-cn-p-Ibpw hnd-b Cm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv) \]p-kI kw ISn-m kv{Xo]pw k--fpsS ZjvS-e--W- Hcp-anv ImWp--Xm-Wv. C{]-Imcw kv{Xo]pw \]pw-kI k--fpsS ZjvS-e-Ww a\-n-em-Im-Ip-hm-\mbn ]d-b-s-p. K`-ap ]mv ISn-m Ahs apJw hnf-dp-Ibpw HmjvTw hop-Ibpw Iv Nph-p-Ibpw sNpw. {]k-hn ]mv ISn-m ISn-s]--h tImp-hm-bn-Sp-Ibpw Ah\v t{Im[-ap-m-hp-Ibpw D]-Pn-lz-sImv ]oUn-p-Ibpw (D-]-Pn-lzm-e-Ww kq{X-m-\-n ]d-n-p-v.) cw aq{Xn-p-Ibpw sNpw.

ktm-Ku-t[-c-tIm-\ma tKm[mbmx kym-Xp-jv]Zx
IrjvW-kt-W-Xpeyx kymm-\m-kypan-{i-Pm-Xbx
KpV-k-m-Zn-Xw-hrw ]oUnXw en-XmnXw
kn-X `rim-_m[m Zwimtb ƒt\y-\-tX-`rimx
XcpWmx IrjvW-kmkvXp tKm\kmx hn-cm-kvXYm
cmPn-a-tm-h-tbm-aty `h-ym-io-hn-tjm-]amx
38

DSp-n IrjvW-kw (I-cn-aqJ) CW-tNm \mep-Im-ep--Xmb Kut[-cI Fv t]cp kw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. AXns hnjw IrjvW-k-ns hnj-n\v Xpey-am-Wv. AXp-t]m-se-Xs aWvU-en--cm-Pn-e-fpw DSp-n CW-tNp-m-Ip Kut[-c-Iv AXm-Xns hnj-n\v Xpey-amb hnj-ap-m-Ip--Xm-Wv. C{]-Imcw an{i-kw-t`m-Kw-sIm-p-m-Ip hnj-Po-hn-I \m\m-hn-[-n-em-bn-cn-pw. KpV-k-m-Zn-Xhpw (B-g-n-ep ISn) hrm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep ISnbpw cv ]pw Bg-n Xd ISnbpw \of-n apdn ISnbpw Hcp m\- \nv asddmcp m\-tv IqSn hym]n--Xmb ISnbpw hnj-_m[ IqSp-X-em-bn-cn-pw. C{]-Im-c-a-m ISn-hnjw Ipd--Xm-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. aqJ\v _mey-nepw aWvU-env hm-Iy-nepw cmPn-e-n\v ay-h-b-nepw hnjw IqSp-X-em-bn-cn-pw.

kw Zwjv{Sm--X-{k-kvXp-Xmkmw hmam-[-cm-knXm
]oXm-hm-tam--cm-ZwjvSm cm-iym-hm-[-tcm-cm
bam{Xmx ]X-tX-_n-ptKm-_m-em ken-tem-r-Xm
hmam-[-cmbmw ZwjvSmbmw Xm{Xw kymZ-tlhnjw
GI-Zzn-{Xn-N-Xphr-n hnj-`m-tKm--tcm-cm
khm-kvXIr-Xm-Zwim _lq-X--c-hn-jm-`rimx
39

]mn\v hnj--m-Is \mem-Ip-p. Ah-bn CS-p-`m-K-p NXm-sg-v Idp-Xpw CS-p-`m-K-p aote ]v abpw he-Xp-`m-K-p Xmtg-v Icp-hm-fn \nd-ap--Xp-am-bn-cn-pw. ]ip-hnhm-ense tcmaw sh-n apn-sb-Sp-m AXn \nv Cd-dn-ho-gp Hcp Xpnv kam-\-ambn hnjw ]mns CS-p-`m-Ks Xmsg--n 3-Xp-nbpw tate--n 4-Xp-nbpw hnjw Dm-bn-cn-pw. ]ns h-n--\p-k-cn-m-bn-cnpw Zwi-{]-tZ-i-n h-ap-mbn-cn-p-I. AXm-bXv CSp `mKs Xmsg-v Xd-m AhnsS c-h-am-bn-cnpw hnj-nv IpdpIqSn in-IqSpw he-p-`m-Ks tase-v Xd-m AhnsS Icp-hm-fn-n-cnpw B hnjw Akm-y-hp-am-bn-cn-pw. (]m-ns hnj--ns\ kw_-nv ]ecpw ]te A`n-{]m-b-fpw ]d-n-p-s-nepw `qcn-`mKw BNm-cy-mcpw hnj-v \mem-sWv ]d-p-Im-Wp-p-v. Fm bYm-n ]mn\v tae-m-n cp-`m-K-mbn 2 hnj--m-Wp--Xv)

km-Wm-tah hnaq-{XmIoSmx kypx IoS-k-Xmx
Zpjo-hnjm {]mW-lcm CXn kwt-]-tXm-aXmx
Km{Xw cw knXw-IrjvWw iymhw hm ]nU-Im-bpXw
k IWvUq-cm-K-ho-k ]mIo-kym IYnXw XYm
IossS Zpjo-hn-ssjZ-jvSw-enwKw {]mW-l-cw-irWp
k-Z-jvtS-XYm timtYm htX tkm{K Ky-krIv
Zwti ƒn-Ku-chw aqm kcp-Kmx izkn-Xy]n
XrjvWmcp-Nn-]-co-X `thZv Zqjo-hn-jm-nXx.
40

aqJ apX-emb ]mp-I-fp-sS-Xs ae-aq-{Xm-Zn-I No-Snp Nne-n, tX apX-emb IoS- Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p. Cu IoS- Zqjo-hn-js Dm-p-Xpw ]mc-W-lm\n hcn-p--Xp-ambn Nncp--n cp-hn-[-n-em-Ip-p. CXn Zpjo-hn-j-IoSw Zwin-m AhnsS Nph-tm, Idp-tm, Icp-hm-fntm Dm-hp-Ibpw ]oU-I-I-fp-m-hp-Ibpw sNmdn-n-temSpw Nph-tmSpw IqSnb hnk-ap-m-hp-Ibpw ]gp-p-Ibpw Nop-\m-dp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Ip-p. C\n {]mW-l-c-Io-S-Zwi eWw tIp-sImI., ]mp ISn--h-\n Zwi-{]-tZ-iv F{]-Imcw tim^-ap-m-p-pthm A{]-Imcw tim^-ap-m-hp-Ibpw B tim^w AXn-Zp--ap c-{km-h-tm-Sp-IqSn hn-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv. In\v I\-ap-m-Ipw, tamlm-e-ky-ap-m-Ipw, thZ-\-sImv ]oUn-p--Xm-Wv. izmk-tcm-K-ap-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw. Zqjo-hn-j-IoSw Zwin--h\v BZyw ]d- e-W- IqSmsX Zmlhpw Acp-Nnbpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv.

Zwi-a-tyXp bIrjvWw iymhw hm Pme-Im-\znXw
Z{Zzm-IrXn `rwi-]mI tZ-tImY Pzcm-\znXw
Zpjo-hn-jm-`neq-Xm-`nkvXw ZjvS-anXn \nn-ti.
km-km-ta-h-Xm-km Zwti-e--W-ap-NytX
tim^x tizXm-knXm cm ]oXmhm ]nU-Im-Pzcx
{]mWm-Im-tIm `th-mlx izmk-lnm intcm-{Klmx.
41

bmsXmcp Zwi-m-\-ns ay-n Idptm Icp-hm-fntm kncm-Pm-e--tfmSp IqSn-m-Wp-Ibpw Ba-bpsS ]pdw-t]mse hop-Ibpw IqSp-X-embn ]gp-p-Ibpw \pehpw hohpw Pzchpw Dm-hp-Ibpw sNp-pthm An-s\-bp Zwis Zqjo-hn-js Dm-p--Xmb Nne-n-bm Zwin--s--Xm-sWv a\-n-em--Ww. Fm-hn-[-n-ep Nne-n-I-fp-tSbpw Zwi-e-Ww ]dbmw Zwi-{]-tZ-iv tim^hpw shfp-tXm Idp-tXm c-h-ntem a-h-ntem D]nU-I-I Dm-hp-Ibpw Pzchpw {]mWm--I-Zmlw (I-Tn-\-amb Npp-\o-d) Dm-hp-Ibpw izmk-tcm-Kw, Fn-, Xe-th-Z\ Chbpw Fm-hn[Nne-n-hn-j-nepw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv.

BZw-vtOm-WnXw ]mWvUp aWvU-em-\n-Ptcm ƒcpNnx
tcma-lj Zml-m-]ymJp Zpjo-hn-jmntX
aqmw-K-timY sshhy tZ i_vZm-{ip-Xn-Pzcmx
intcm-Kp-cpXzw emem-krIv On-m-km-y-aq-jnssIx
42

Zqjo-hn-js Dm-p--Xmb FenISn-m ISn-hm-bn\nv ]mWvUp-h-n-ep cw {khn-p-Ibpw h-n-W-cp-I, Pzcw, Acp-Nn, tcmam-w, Npp-\o-d, Ch Dm-hp-Ibpw sNpw. Akm-y-hn-j-ap Fen-I-Sn-m tamlm-e-kyw, ico-c-tim-^w, \nd-t`-Zw, ico-c-n \pe-hv, tIhn-p-d-hv, Pzcw, e-L-\w, hmbn\nv shw- H-gp-Ip-I, cw On-p-I, Ch Dm-Ip--Xm-Ip-p.

ImjvWyw iymh-Xz-a-Yhm \m\m-h-Xz-ta-hN
tamtlm ƒY-htkm t`tZm-Z-jvS-kym IrI-em-kssIx
43

Hmn-\m ISn-s]--hs tZl-n Idptm Icp-hm-fntm AYhm \m\m-h-tfm Dm-hp-Ibpw at\m-hn-{`-ahpw AXn-km-chpw Dm-hp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.

Zl-Xy-n-cn-hm-ZuXp `n\-o-thmz-am-ipN
hrn-Iky hnjw-bmXn Zwti-]-m Xp XnjvT-Xn.
44

tXfns hnjw BZyw An-tb-tmse Zln-n-p-Ibpw ]nfp--Xp-t]mse tXmp-Ibpw W-n taevt]mv Ib-dp-Ibpw ]noSv ISn-m-\v hp \nevp-I-bpw sNp-p.

ZjvtSm Akm-ykvXp lrZv{LmW ck-t\m-]-l-tXm-\cx
amwsskx ]X-Zv`n-c-Xyw thZ-\mtm Plm-Xy-kq.
45

Akm-y-hn-j-ap--tXfv ISn-m Ah lrZ-bw, aqv, \mhv, Ch {]h-\-c-ln-X-am-bn, tZl-n \nv amwkw ASp-hoWp thZ-\-sImv ]oUn-X-\mbn Pohs\ hnSp--Xm-bn-cn-pw.

hnkx izbYpx iqew Pzc-ivOn-c-Ym-]nN
eWw IW-ss`ZjvtS Zwi-ssh hnio-cy-tX.
46

IS- Ipn-bm Zwi-{]-tZ-i-n hnkw, how, thZ\ Ch Dm-hp-Ibpw Pzchpw Onbpw Dm-hp-Ibpw ISn-hm-bn amwkw \pdp-p-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Wv.

lrjvS-tcm-tam-n-Snw-tK\ kvX_v[-enwtKm `rimn-am
ZjvSx iotXm-Z-tI-ss\h knm-\yw-Km\n a\y-tX.
47

Dn-SnwKw (H-cp-XcwtX) ]gp-XmcISn--Xm tcmam--ap-m-hp-Ibpw enKwkvXw`n-p-Ibpw hn thZ-\-bp-m-hp-Ibpw icocwXWp--sh-w-sImv \\--Xp-t]mse Ccn-p-Ibpw sNpw.

GI-Zw-jvSmnXx iq\x k]oXx kcp-P-kvXYm
On \n{Zm-NX khn-ssj aWvUq-ssI ZjvS-e--Ww.
48

hnj-ap Xhf ISn-m-ep e-Ww--Hcp ]v -am{Xw Xd-p-Ibpw AhnsS hop-Ibpw a- \n-d-ap-m-hp-Ibpw thZ-\-bp-m-hp-Ibpw On-p-I-bpw-sN-pw.

aymkvXp khnjmx IcypZm-l-tim-Y-cp-P-kvXYmx.
IWvUq-timYw Pzcw-aqmw khn-jmkvXp Peu-Ikmx.
49

hnj-ap ayw ISn-m Npp-\o-d tim^w, thZ\ Ch-bp-m-Ipw. hnj-ap A ISn-m sNmdn-n, tim^w, Pzcw, tamlm-e-kyw Ch-bpm-Ipw.

hnZmlw izb-Ypw-tXmZw tkzZkvXp Krl-tKm-[nIm
Zwti-tkzZw cpPw-Zmlw Ipcym--X-]-Zo-hn-jw.
50

Kufn-bpsS hnjw Dp-gp-n-t\bpw ho-tbpw Ipn-t\m-hn-t\-bpw hnbn-t\bpw Dm-pw. tXc--bpsS hnjw Zwi-m-\v hnbpw thZ-\bpw Npp-\o-depw Dm-Ipw.

Iq-am ai-ssI-cn-j-tmYx kyma--th-Z\x
Akm-y-IoS kZr-i-km-y-a-i-I-Xw
kZyx {]{km-hn-Wo-iymhm Zml-aqm-Pz-cm-\znXm
]nU-Im-a-nIm Zwti Xmkm-p--KnIm ƒkp-lr.
51

sImXp ISn-m sNmdn-nepw Aev]w hohpw Aev]w thZ-\bpw Dm-Ipw. henb tImXp-I-Sn-m h-enb tX ISn--Xp-t]m-se-bp e-W--fp-m-Ipw. hnj-ap Cu-I-Sn-m Zwi-{]-tZ-iv s]sv s]mn-sbm-en-p ]nU-I-I Dm-hp-Ibpw AhnsS Icp-hm-fnpw Npp-\o-depw Dm-hp-Ibpw tamlm-e-kyhpw ]\nbpw Dm-hp-Ibpw sNpw. Cu-I-fn Gd-dhpw hnj-ap KnIm F Cu ISn-m {]mW-lm\n hcn-Ibpw sNpw.

ivaim-\-ssNXy haoI bm-{ia kpcm-eb
]-k-njp aymt km-cmt{X ƒjvS-ao-jp-N
\kn-y-n\cm-ZjvSm ]mj-WvUm-b-X-t\-jpN
ZrjvSn-izmk ae-kv]i hnssj-cmio hnssj-kvXYm
hn\-iy-y-{]-Xn-l-XvZjvSmx ktjp a-kp.
52

ivaim-\w, ]qPn-X-hr--p-hSv AYhm Bfp-I hn{i-an-p ew, ]pd-dp---ew, bmK-im-e, tZhm-ebw Fn-hn-S--fn \npw ]-kn-bnepw aym--nepw A-cm-{Xn-bnepw AjvS-an-bnepw Cuiz-c-hn-izm-k-an-m--h Xma-kn-p e-p-\npw ]mp-I-Sn-m Ahs hnjw Akm-y-am-bn-cn-pw. D{K-hn-j-ap--Xmb AYhm Znhyk--fpsS ZrjvSn, izmkw, ae, kv]i\w Ch-I-fnq-Sn-bp hnjhpw Akm-y-am-bn-cn-pw. Fm-hn[ a--fnepw Gevp ISn-hn-jhpw Akm-y-am-bn-cn-p--Xm-Wv.

tb\ tI\m]n ktW kw`hx k GhN
`oX-a-m-_-tem-jvW-p-r-jvWmt h-tX-`riw
hnjw {]Ir-Xn-I-m-eu-tNXpeyu {]mWm]-a-\yYm
hmcn-hn-{]-lXmx oWm-`o-Xm-\-Ip-e-\nnXmx
ap-XztNm hr-_memx km-a--hnjmx kvarXm
53

`b--h-\nepw aZym-Zn-I-tf-smv a-\m-b-h-\nepw Zp_-e-\nepw DjvWw-sImpw hni-p-sImpw Zmlw-sImpw ]oUn--hp--h-\nepw Fm-hn[ ]mp-hn-j-ta-d-dmepw IqSp-X hn-p--Xm-Wv. hnj-n\v ico-c-{]-Ir-Xnbpw Imehpw Xpey-am-sW-n hn-p-Ibpw hn]-co-X-am-sW-n in Ipd-bp-I-bpw-sN-pw. (A-Xm-bXv aWvU-en-bpsS hnjw ]n-{]-Ir-Xn-m-c-\n DjvW-Im-ev Gd-dm hn-p-Ibpw hmX-{]-Ir-Xn-m-c-\n ioX-Im-e-X-KvtX-d-dm Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNp-sa-w. CXp-t]m-se-Xs ad-dp hnj--tfbpw a\-n-em-t--Xm-Wv.) sh-n hoWp Aen-p-t]mb ]mn\pw tcmKm-Zn-I-tf-smpw addpw oWn ]mn\pw `b ]mn\pw Iocn-tbm-tS-d-dp-tXm-dd ]mn\pw ]pdw-tXmev (D-n-fn) hn-tmgpw hr\pw _me\pw hnjw Aev]-am-bn-cn-p-sap a\-n-em--Ww.

k-tZ-lm-{inXw t{Im[mZv hnjw ktm hnap-Xn
XtZ-hm-lmc tlXmhm `bmZv hm \ {]ap-Xn
54

tZl-n apgp-h hym]np InS-p hnjw t{Im[-ap-m-Ip-tm ]mv ]nqSn hnjs ]pd-tv hnSp--Xm-Ip-p. Blm-c-k-`-nepw AYhm `b Ah-k-c-nepw hnjs ]pd-tv hnSp--X-.

{]mtbm hmtXm_W hnjm-D-n-SnwKmx k hrnImx
hmX-]n-tm_Wmx IoSm ssjvanImx IW-`m-Zbx
bky-bky Xp tZmjky enwKm-[nIyw {]X-tb
Xky-X-kyu-jss[x Ipcym hn]-co-X-KpssWx {Inbm
55

]gp-Xm-c-bp-tSbpw tXfn-tbpw hnjw an-hmdpw hmX-{]-[m-\-am-Ip-p. IoS--fpsS hnjw hmX-]n--{]-[m-\-am-Ip-p. Cu apX-em-b-h-I-fpsS hnjw I^-{]-[m-\-am-Ip-p. GtXXv tZmj--fpsS e-W-v B[nIyw ImWp-pthm AXm-Xns hn]-co-X-Kp-W--fp--Xmb Huj-[--tf-smv NnIn-n--Ww.

lr]o-tUmzm-\nex kvXw`x kncm-bmtam ƒn-h-cpIv
LqW-t\m-tZz-jvS-\w-Kmt{X iymhXm hmXntI hntj
kwm-\m-timjvW \nizm-ku-lr-mlx ISp-Im-kyXm
Zwim-h-X-cWw timYm c-]n- ss]ntI
Oy-tcm-N-XI lrmk {]tk-tImti Kucsshx
kssi-Xy-ap-J-am-[p-sscy hnZym tjvam-[n-Iw-hn-jw.
56

hmX-{]-[m-\-amb ao-Snw-Km-Zn-I-fpsS hnj-n lrZ-b-]oU Duz-hm-Xw, ico-c-kvXw-`w, Rc-v hen, An-k-n-I-fnth-Z-\, Xe-Np-d-d, ico-c-n Dcp-p-I-b-d-dw, Icp-hm-fn-v, Ch-bp-m-Ipw.]n-{]-[m-\-amb IoS-hn-j-n t_m[--bw, izmk-n\v NqSv, lrZ-b-n \od-d, hmbn Fcnhv ckw, Zwi-m-\-v\nv amwkw ASp-ho-gp-I, how, c-]nw Ch-bp-m-Ipw. I^m-[n-Iy-ap hnjw On, Acp-Nn, s\v In-v, hmbn\nv shw Hgp-Ip-I, Dt-iw, ico-c-L-\w-tXm-p-I, ioXw hmbva-[pcw Chsb Dm-p-sav a\-n-em--Ww.

JWvtU\ N {hWm-te-]-kvssX-em-`yw-K hmXntI
tkztZm-\mUo ]pem-Im-ssZy hrwl-W hn[nlnXx
kpinssXx kvXw`-tb tkssIx {]tZ-ssl-m]n ss]nIw
teJ-\-t-Z\ tkzZ-h-ass\x ssjvanIw Ptb
hntj-jz-]nN ktjp k-m-\-K-tX-jpN
Ahr-n-tIm-n-Snw-tK-jp-{]mbx iotXm-hn[nx kvarXx
57

hmX-{]-[m-\-amb hnj-n i-c-sImv {hW-n te]\w sNp-Ibpw tZl-n F tXp-Ibpw thWw. \mUo-tkz-Zhpw [m\y tkzZhpw _rwl-W-Nn-In-bpw hmXn-I-hn-j-n \-Xm-Ip-p. ]n-{]-[m-\-amb hnjs Gd-dhpw ioX-f-amb [mc-I-tf-smpw te]-\--tf-smpw kvXw`n-n-pw. I^-{]-[m-\-amb hnjs teJ\w (D-c-kn--f-b), tOZ-\w, tkzZ-\w, ha\w Fn-h-I-tf-smv Pbn--Ww. tXfn-tbpw ]gp-Xm-c-bp-tSbpw hnj-sam-gnsI ad-dp Fm hnj--fnepw GXp m\s {]m]n hnj-am-bmepw an-hmdpw ioX-{Inb \-Xm-Ip-p.

hrtI tkzZ-a-`ywKw LrtX\ eh-tW-\N
tkImw-tNm-jvWm {]bp-RvPo-X-t`mPyw ]m\ knjx
GX-tZ-thm-n-Snw-tKjp {]Xn-tem-a--]mw-ip`nx
DZz\w kpJmw-_p-jvssW-kvX-Ym-h-m-Z-\w-Lss\x
58

tX ISn ISn-hm-bn hnbp-Ibpw Cppw s\pw tNp ]pc-p-Ibpw s\n Cpv tNp NqSmn [mc sNp-Ibpw A-]m-\--fn s\v tNp-]-tbm-Kn-p-I-bpw thWw. ]gp-Xm-c-hn-j-n\pw C{]-Im-cw-Xs sN-Ww. IqSmsX hnj-i-a-\u-j-[--fpsS Nq-anp ico-c-n A\p-tem-a-ambn Xncp-p-Ibpw kptJm-jvW-amb NpSp-sh--n Huj-[-Nq-anp AXp-sImv Zwi-m-\s \ L\-n s]mXn-bp-Ibpw thWw.

izm{Xn-tZmj {]tIm-]m Xp XYm [mXp-]n-h-cy-bm
intcm ƒ`n-Xm-]-em-em{k hyYm h{I-Ir-tZ-hN
At\y-t]yhw hn[m hymemx I^-hmX {]tIm-]Wmx
lrn-tcm-cp-KvPz-c-kvXw-`-XrjvWm aqm-Icmx kvarXmx
Iq-\n-tXm-Z-ssh-hyw kp]vXn ttZm-]-tim-jWw
hnZm-l-cm-K-cp-Iv]mIm timYm-{Kn \nI-\w
Zwim-h-Z-cWw kvt^mSmx In-Im-a-WvU-em\n N
Pzc k thtj-enwKw hn]-co-X \nntj
X{X kt bYm-tZmjw {]tbmPymx kypcp-]-{Iamx
]qtm hn[n-a-\y bYm-h-Zz-ZXx irWp.
59

{`m\mb ISn-m{XntZm-j-fpw tIm]n-p--Xp-sImpw ico-c-[m-Xp--fpsS hn]-coXKpW-ap--Xm-b-Xp-sImpw inc-n\v IqSp-X ]oU-bp-m-p-Ibpw hmbn\nv sh-sam-gp-Ip-Ibpw ZpxJn-p-Ibpw icocwXf-cp-Ibpw sNpw. {`mp addv arK-ISn-m I^-hm-X- tIm]n-p-Ibpw lrZ-b-nepw inc-nepw thZ-\-bp-m-hp-Ibpw Pzcw, ico-c-kvXw-`w, Zmlw, tamlm-ekyw Ch-bp-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw. (C-Xns\ kw_-nv kp{ipXw Iev]-m-\-n hfsc hnkvX-cnp ]d-n-p-v.) hnj-apPohn-IISn-m ISn-hm-bn sNmdn-n, Ipn-t\m-hv, \nd-t`-Zw, Xcn-v, \pe-hv, hc, Npp-\od, Nph-v, thZ-\, ]gp-v, how, apg, AwK- hf-bpI ISn ep-\nv amwkw ASp-ho-gp-I, t]mf-I Dm-hp-I, ISn-hm-bn amwkm-p-c--fp-m-hpI, h-n-Wp-m-hp-I, ]\n-bp-m-hpI Foe-W- ImWmw. hnj-an-s-n CXn\phn]-co-X-ambe-W- ImWp-I-bpw-sN-pw, Ch-Is-mw-Xs tZmjm-h--I-\p-k-cnp Fm-hn[NnInk-Ifpw sNt--Xm-Wv. 24--hn-[-n-ep NnInk-Isf ]d-bm-sav ]d-n-p-Xpw addv NnInkm-hn-[n-Ifpw hgn-{I-a-n]d-p-Xcmw tIp-[-cn-p-sIm-p-I.

lrZn-Zm-ltc {]tkI N hntc-I-h-a-\w-`riw
bYm-hw {]tbm-hyw ipt kwk-\-{Iax
intcm-KtX hntj-\kvXx Ipcymaq-em\n _pn-am
_p-Po-hky `mKym hm kpc-k-ky-kn-X-ky-N.
60

lrZ-b-n \od-depw hmbn\nv sh-sam-gp-Ip-Ibpw sNp--Xn in-bmb ha-\-hn-tc-N\w AXm-X-h---\p-k-cn hn[-n sN-Ww. ha-\-hn-tc-N\w sNbvXp ipn-h-m t]bm-Zn-{Iaw ioen-p-Ibpw thWw. inc-n hnjw hym]n-n-p--Xn _pn-am-\mb sshZy D-a-e-cn-bpsS thtcm sNdp-tX-n thtcm Idp Xpf-kn-bpsS thtcm s]mSn s]mSn-sImv \kyw sN-Ww. aqn DuXn--b-d-d-Ww.

Z-ImI abq-cmWmw amwkm-krIv akvX-tI-tX
aqv\n-tZ-b-at[m ZjvtS-aqv\n ZjvSky ]mZtbmx
]n-eo-a-cn-N-mc hNm-ssk--h-in-{KpImx
]njvSm-tcm-lnX ]nt-\-Lv\-yn KX-a-RvP-\m.
61

ico-c-ns At[m-`m-K-mWv ISn-s]--sX-n aqm-hn Im-bpsS Imens BIr-Xn-bn Iodn-bnv AhnsS tImgn-bp-tStbm Im-bp-tStbm abn-en-ttbm amwkw c-tm-Sp-IqSn sh-Ww. inc-n-emWv ISn-s]--sX-n cpw Imenepw Iodn-bnv ta]-d hn[-n-ep amwkw sh-Ww. Xn-en, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Nhm-cw, hb-v, Cp-v, apcn-m-pcp Ch kaw tcmlnX ay-ns ]n-n-e-cp ARvP\w sNbvXm In hym]n hnjw \in-pw.

I]n--amaw kknXm kkn-Xm-u{Zw IWvT-K-tX-hntj
enlym-Zm-am-i-b-K-tX-Xm`ymw Nq-]ew \ Xm
hntj ]Izm-i-b-KtX ]neo cP-\o-Zzbw
aRvPn-jvSm kaw ]njvSzm tKm]n-t\ ]nt_-cx
62

hnjw IWvT-n nXn-sN-p-I-bm-sW-n ] hnfm-mb tX\pw ]-km-cbpw tNp tkhn--Ww. hnjw Bam-i-b-K-X-am-sW-n Hcp ]ew XI-c-ns Nqw ]-km-cbpw tX\pw tNp tkhn--Ww. hnjw ]Izm-i-b-K-X-amb a\p-jy Xn-en, a ac-a--tm-ev, a-n-tmev Ch kaw tKm]n--n (tKm-c-N\w Iqn) Acp tkhn--Ww.

cw-amw-k--tKm-[mbmx ipjv-qo-Ir-Xw-lnXw
hntj-c-k-K-tX-]m\w I]n--ck kpbpXw
titemaq-e-Xz-K-{KmWn _Z-tcm-Zpw-_-cm-WnN
IS-`ym ]nt_-{Z KtX-amw-k-KtX ]nt_
ku{Zw JZn-cm-cnjvSw IuSPw aqe-kw-`km
kth-jpN _te-tZzN a[pIw a[p-Iw-\Xw
]n-eo-a-cnNw mcw \h-\o-tX\ aqnXw
{]hr-t-t-jvaWn `njIv {]Z-Zym {]Xn-km-c-Ww.
63

hnjw ck-[m-Xp-hn-em-sW-n DSp-ns amwkhpwchpw DW-n-sm-Snp hnfm--g-ns ck-n tkhn-p-Xv \-Xm-Wv. hnjw c-[m-Xp-hn-em-sW-n tjvam-X-Iw, e, An, sNdp-p Ch-bpsSthcn-t tXmtemXfn-cn-etbm ip-P-e-n-e-ctm AYhm I]n--c-k-n-e-c-tm IpSn--Ww. hnjw amwk-[m-Xp-hn-em-sW-n Icn-m-en, thv, IpS-I-me Ch-bpsS thcv ip-P-e-n-e-cp IentX tNpIpSn--Ww. k-[m-Xp--fnepw hym]n--Xmb hnj-n Ipdp-tm-n-th-cv, B\-p-dp-tm-n-th-cv, Ccn--m-X, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, XIcw Chkaw FSpp ip-P-e-n-e-cp sImSp--Ww. hnj-tcm-Knv I^wIqSp-X-embn hn--Xn Xn-en, Ipcp-ap-fIv Nhmcw Chs]mSnp shtNp-ckn sshZy tcmKn-bpsSsXm-bn tX-Ww.

amwko-Ip-p-a-]-{X-XzIv cP-\o-\X Nss\x
a\x inem-hym-{L-\J kpc-ssk-cw-_p-t]-jnssXx
]m\-\-kym-RvP-\m-te]mx kh-timY hnjm-]-lmx.
64

PSm-am-n, Ipp-aw, ]n-e, Ce-hw-Kw, a, XI-cw, N-\w, a\-n-e, ]pen-\-Jw, Xpf-kn-thcv Ch kaw ip-P-e-n-e-cp tkhn-p-Ibpw \kyw, ARvP-\w, te]\w Ch sNp-Ibpw sNbvXm k-hn[ tim^hpw \in-p--Xm-Wv.

incoj ]pjv]-kz-ctk k]vXmlw acn-Nw-knXw
`mhnXw k-Z-jvSm\w \ky-]m-\m-RvP-t\-lnXw
Zzn]ew \X-Ip-jvTm`ymw LrX-u{Zw NXp-jv]ew
A]n-X-I ZjvSm\mw ]m\-ta-X kpJ-{]Zw
65

s\t-\n-hm-I-q-hns kzc-k-n Ggp-Zn-hkw `mh\ sNbvsX-Sp apcn--bcn k-Z-jvS-mv ]m\-n\pw \ky-n\pw ARvP-\-n\pw lnX-am-Ip-p. XI-chpw sImhpw Hmtcm-]ew s]mSnp cp-]ew s\pw cp-]ew tX\pw tNp tkhn-pI CXv XI kw ISn--hp-Iq-Snbpw kpJs {]Zm\w sNp--Xm-Wv.

knp-hm-cky aqe tizXmN Kncn-InIm
]m\w Zho-I-ssc ZjvtS-\kyw ka-[p-]m-I-ew.
66

aqJ ISn-m Icn-s\m-n-bpsS thcpw shfp iwJp-]p-jv]-n thcpw Ijm-bw-shp IpSn-p-Ibpw sImw s]mSn-p tXtNp \kyw sNp-Xpw aqJ-hn-j-n\v \-Xm-Wv.

aRvPnjvTm a[p-b-jvSymlzm Poh-Ij-`Imx knXm
Imiva-cy-h-S-ipw-Km\n ]m\w aWvU-en\mw hntj.
67

aWvU-en-I-fpsS hnj-n a-n-tm-ev, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, Poh-Iw, CS-h-Iw, shfp--h-b-v, Ipap-Zn thcv, t]cm-ensamv Ch ip-P-e-n Acp Ien tkhn--Ww.

thymjw-km-Xn-hnjw IpjvT Krl-[qtam ltc-WpIm
ISpIm XIcw u{Zw-ln cmPn-aXmw hnjw.
68

Npv, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Xn-en, AXn-hn-S-bw, sImw, C---cn, Atc-Wp-Iw, ISp-tcm-ln-Wn, XIcw Ch ip-P-e-n-e-cp tXtNp tkhn-m cmPn-e-hnjw ian-pw.

Krl-[qaw lcn-t{ZtZz kaqew XWvUp-eo-bIw
A]n-hm-kp-In-\m-ZjvSx ]nt_Z-[n-Lr-Xm-pXw 69
69

C---cn, a, ac-a--tm-ev, sNdp-Nn-c-k-aqew Ch kaw Acp ssXcpw s\pw tNp tkhn-m hmkpIn kw ISn--hIqSn kpJs {]m]n-pw.

oc-hr--Xz-Km-e]x ipt IoS-hn-jm-]lx
apm-te-t]-hcx timY-Zm-l-tXmZ Pzcm-]lx.
70

IoS-hnjw Gd-d-hs\ ha-\-hn-tc-N\w sNbvXp ipn-h-cp-n-bnv \mev]m-a-c-tmev Acp Zwi- {]-tZ-iv te]\w sNbvXm IoS-hnjw ian-pw. apv ip-P-e-n Acp te]\w sNp-Xv tim^w, Npp-\o-d, Ipn-t\mhv Pzcw Ch ian-p-hm D-a-am-Ip-p.

N\w ]-tIm-ioc incojmx knp-hm-cImx
oc-ip-m-\Xw IpjvTw kmcn-thm-ZoNy ]mSemx
tiep-kz-c-k-]njvtSm ƒbw epXm\mw k-ImnIx
bYm-tbmKw {]tbm-hyx kao-ym-te-]-\m-Zn-jp.
71

N-\w, ]Xp-ap-Iw, cm-a-w, s\t-\n-hm-I-tm-ev, Icn-s\m-n-th-cv, ]map-Xp-n Ing-v, XI-cw, sImw, \m-dn-n-g-v, Ccp-th-cn, ]mXn-cn-thcv Ch kaw tjvam-XI kzc-k-n-e-cp CXv Nne-n-hn-j-v ]m\--\-ky--te-]-\--A-RvP-\m-Zn-I-fn bpn-t]mse {]tbm-Kn--Ww.

a[pIw a[pIw IpjvTw inco-tjm-Zo-NXy ]mSemx
k\nw-_-km-cn-hm-u-{Zw-]m\w eqXm-hn-jm-]-lw.
72

Ccn--m-X, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, sImw, s\s-\n-hm-I-tm-ev, Ccp-th-cn, ]mXn-cn-th-cv, thntXm-ev, \m-dn-n-g-v, Chkaw s]mSns]mSn ip-P-e-n Ien tXtNp tkhn-m Nnen hnjw ian-pw.

Ipkpw-`-]pjv]w tKmZx kz-o-cn-I-t]m-X-hnZv
Zn-{Xn-hr ssk-sshte InIm ]mX-\w-Xtbmx
IS-`yp-\-ssi-coj tiep-oc {Za-XzNx
Ijm-b-I-Nqmx kypx IoS-ep-Xv{h-Wm-]lmx.
73

Ipbn-n]q-hv, ]ip-hns ]v, In-m-ev, {]mhns aew, \mK-Z-n-th-cv, {XntIm-ev]-Ip-, Cp-v, Ge-cn Ch kaw Acp te]\w sNbvXm IoS-eq-Xm-Zn-I Zwin-N-XvtN-S-p-m-Ip amwkm-pcw hoWp-t]m-Ipw. sNdp-p--tm-ev, \oa-cp-XntXm-ev, s\t-\n-hm-I-tm-ev, tjvam-X-I-tm-ev, \mev]m-a-c-tmev Ch kaw Ijm-b-am-bpw Iev-ambpw Nq-ambpw D]-tbm-Kn-m IoS-eq-Xm-Zn-I ISn-m-ep-m-Ip {hWw ian-pw.

XzN-X \mK-c-ssh kamwiw vW-t]-jnXw
t]b-ap-jvWmw-_p\m khw aqjn-ImWmw hnjm-]-lw.
74

Ce-hw-Khpw Nppw kaw FSpp \-hw s]mSnp NqSp-sh--n Ien IpSn-m k-hn[ Fen-I-fpsS hnjhpw ian-p--Xm-Wv.

IpS-P-ky-^ew ]njvSw XI-cw-Pme amen\o
Xnt-zm-Ip--tbmtKm ƒbw-]m-\n-{]-[-a-\m-Zn`nx
hrn-tIm-p-cp-eq-Xm\mw km-Wm hnjm-]lx
kam-\-a-ar-tX-t\Zw Kcm-Po \mi-tb
kt ƒK-Zm-b-Ym-tbmKw {]tbmPymx kypkv{Xo-I-tI
75

IpS-I-m-e-b-cn, Ic-Xw, tZh-Xm-fn, Ibv]-p-c-, Chkaw s]mSnp NqS-Np-sh--n Ien IpSn-p-I, {][-a-\-\kywsNpI apX-em-b-h-I-tf-smv tX, Fen, Nnen Fn-h-I-fp-tSbpw ]mp-I-fp-tSbpw hnjwian-pw. CutbmKw Aar-Xn\pXpey-am-Wv. Iqp-hn-jw-sIm-p APos \in-n-p-IbpwsNpw. apv Xd- hnj-n-epw AYhm ay-hn-j-nepw Fm AK-Z-tbm-K-fpw AXm-Xn\v tbmPn-p hn[-n {]tbm-Kn-t--Xm-Wv.

It]m-X-hn-Uvam-Xp-fpwKw incoj Ipkp-am-{Zkx
iwJn-\ym-]bx ipWvTo-I-cRvtPm a[p-hmntI
kv\pIv oc-]njvSw ssicojw ^ew ZZp-c-tP-lnXw
aqem-\n-tiz-X-`-WvUo\mw thymjw kn akytP
IoS-Z-jvS-{Ibmx kmx kam\mx kypP-em-I-kmw.
76

amS-{]m-hns aew, amX-fn-\m-c-, s\t-\n-hm-I-q-hns ckw, Iocn-h-n, Gcn-n]m-ev, Npv, DnIp-cp, tXCh-sb-mw-IqSn AcptX hnj-nte]\wsN-p-hm \-Xm-Ip-p. s\t-\n-hm-I-bpsS AcnIn-m-en Acp]pc-p-Xv Xh-f-hn-j-n \-Xm-Ip-p. s\t-\n-hm-I-bpsS thcv, Npv, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Xnen ChAcp s\vtNp te]\wsNp-Xv aky-hn-j-n \-Xm-Ip-p. IoS-Z-jvS-Nn-In--I-sf-mw-Xs A-I-Snhnj-nepw {]tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Ip-p.

hmX-]n lcn-{]mbm {Inbm-{]mbx {]i-kytX
hmn-I-tkym-n-Unw-Kky IW-`-kyu-tc ƒK-Zx.
77

hmX-]n--sf ian-n-p--Xm-b. an-hmdpw NnIn--I an-hm-dp-ap tX, ]gp-Xm-c, IS- Fn-h-I-fpsShnj-n\v \-Xm-Ip-p. hrn-I--fpsS hnj-n\v Fen-hn-j-n ]d AK-Zhpw \-Xm-Ip-p.

h-Nmw-hw-i-XzNx ]mTm-\Xw kpc-k-a-RvPcow
tZ _te \mIp-eo-IpjvTw ioco-tjmc P\o-Zzbw
Kplm-a-Xn-Kp-lmw-tizXmw NmP-Kmw inem-PXp
Ir-Ww-I-S`n mtcm-Kr-l-[q-tam-a\x inem
tcmln-X-aky-]n-t\ ]njvtSm ƒbw ]c-tam-KZx
\kym-RvP-\mZntet]-jp-ln-tXm-hn-izw-`-cm-Zn-jp.
]ctam ƒKZx.
78

hb-v, apfw-tXm-ev, ]mS-n-g-v, XI-cw, Xpf-kn-b-cn, Ipdp-tm-n-th-cv, Ac-, sImw, s\t-\n-hm-I-tm-ev, a, ac-a--tm-ev, Hmcn-e-th-cv, aqhn-e-th-cv, hnjvWp-{Im-n, BSv\m-dn-th-f, I-Zw, \mp-I-p-v, sNdp-p--b-cn, Nhm-cw, C--cn a\-ne Ch kaw tcmlnX aky-S-ns ]n-n-e-cp Kpfn-I-bm--Ww. Cu ]ca AwKZw hnizw-`-c apX-emb IoS-hn-j--fn \kyw, ARvP-\w, te]\w apX-em-b-h-bn {]tbm-Kn-p-hm \-Xm-Ip-p.

kzn-Im-P-i-Irmcw kpctkm ƒY n]o-UIx
aZncm aWvU-kw-bp-tm-lnXx iX-]-Zo-hntj
I]n--a-n-]otUm ƒ _oPw {XnI-SpIw XYm
Ic-RvtPmtZz lcn-t{ZN Krl-tKm-[w-hn-jw-P-tb
ImIm-WvU-bpw ktjmw hnjmWmw XWvUp-eo-bIx
{][m\w _ln]nx \ XZz-Zzm-bk ]oepIx
79

Xphn-e-m-cw, Bn]n Np-`-kw-aw, Xpf-kn-bcn An-]n-UIw (iw-Jn-\n, tizX-]o-X-inw-_n-t`Z CXn N{Ix) Chkaw aZn-cm-a-Zy-ns sXfn-bn AcptNc--hn-j-n ]m\-te-]-\m-Zn-I sNp-hm\-Xm-Wv. hnfm--gw, iwJn-\n, Fcp-nsc Acn, Npv, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Xn-en, Dn-Ip-cp, a, ac-a--tmev Chkaw ip-P-e-n-e-cp te]-\m-Zn-IsNbvXm Kufn-hnjw ian-pw. Im-ap--bn sNdp-Noc Acp ]m\-te-]-\m-Zn-I-fn D]-tbm-p-Xv k-hn-j-pw {][m-\-am-Ipp.

incn-j-^-e-aq-e-XzIv ]pjv]ss{Xx kssaLyssXx
t{ijvTx ]-in-cotjm ƒbw hnjmWmw {]h-tcm-_-t[.
80

s\s-\n-hm-I-bpsS ^ew, aqew, Nw, ]pjv]w, ]{Xw Chkaw FSpps]mSnp s\ntkhn--Ww. Cu t{ijvT-amb ]incoj AKZwhnj-sf \in-n-p-hm Gd-dhpwt{ijvT-am-Ip-p.

NXp-jv]-Zv`n Zzn]-Zv`n hm \J-Z hnj--b
iqb-tX-]-Ny-tX-Nm]n {khXn Pzc-b-Xy]n
tkma-htm-iz-I tKmPn-lzmlw k]-Zy]n
cP-\yu-ssK-cnIw tet]m \J-Z--hn-jm-]lx
81

\mevm-en-I-fp-tStbm cp-Im-ep Pohn-I-fp-tStbm \J-Z---Xw sIm-p-mb hnj-n hop-Ibpw ]gp-p-Ibpw Nem-Zn-I {khn-p-Ibpw ]\n-bp-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw. AXn\v tXmh-cm-bn-th-cv, acp-XntXm-ev, sImgp-, sNdp---Sn, a, ac-a--tm-ev, Imhn-av Ch Acp te]\w sNbvXm \J--Z--X hnjw ian-pw.

Zqc--Imtc ZpjvSky tI\-NnZv hnj-i-bm
hntjm-tZz-Km-Pz-c-ivOn aqOm-Zmtlm ƒ]n-hm-`-th
m\ntamtlm ƒXn-km-tcm-hm-t]y-X--m-hn-jw-aXw
NnInkn-X-an-Zw-Xky Ipcym-Zm-izm-k-\w-_p[mx
knXm-ssh-K-n-tIm-{Zmm ]b-kym-a-[pIw a[p
]m\w ka-{-]q-Xmw_p t{]mWw kmz-l-j-Ww.
82

tLmc-amb A-Im-c-n hnj-an-m GsX-nepw Pohn-I-fpsS ISn-tb-d-dm hnj-an-s-nepw ZjvS\v hnj-i--sIm-p-m-Ip hntjm-tZz-Kw-sImv Pzcw On, tamlm-e-kyw, Npp-\o-d Chtbm oWw, at\m-hn-{`-aw, AXn-km-cw, Chtbm Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. CXn\v i-hnjw Fv ]d-bp-p. AXn\v _pn-am-\mb sshZy hnj-an-sp ]dp Biz-kn-n-p-Ibpw ]-km-c, sshK-nIw (t{Im-{Zhx CXn-N{Ix, KIw CXn-Kw-Km[cx) apn-cn-, AS-]-Xn-b Ing-v, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, tX Ch kaw tNp tkhn-n-p-Ibpw a{w P]np shw Xfn-p-Ibpw \ hmv ]dp Biz-kn-n-p-Ibpw ktm-jn-n-p-Ibpw sN-Ww.

imebx jjvSn-Im-ssh tImc-Zqjmx {]bw-Khx
t`mP-\mt {]i-kyt eh-Wm--ssk-hw
XWvUp-eo-bI Poho hmmI kp\n-j-WvUImx
aWvUq-I-]o Ie-Iw-imIw Nptm ikytX
ltc-Wpw-ap-ZvKmbq-jm aavfmw [m{Xn-Zm-Unaw
ckm-ss-Wm inJn\mw emh-ssX-nc ]mjXmx
Ahn-Zm-lo-\n-Nm-m\n hnjmm\mw `nj-IvPn-Xw.
83

hnj-tcm-Knv Blm-c-n-mbn sNs--cn, \h-c-b-cn, hc-Ins Acn, Xn\-bcn Ch D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv \-Xm-Wv. Dn\v Cp-p-]-tbm-Kn--Ww. sNdp-No-c, AS-]-Xn-b, sNdp-h-gp-Zn-\n, \ocm-c, apn, Ibv], Npp (im-I-hn-ti-jw) Ch-bpsS Ce-I Idn-bmn D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xv \-Xm-Wv. Amw s\n-bpw Ddp-am--ghpw D]-tbm-Kn-mw. Idp--am, abn, emh--n, Xnn-cn--n, ]pn-am Ch-bpsS amwk-c-khpw D]-tbm-Knmw Dp-gp-p-m-m Fm-hn[ A-fpw hnjm-mv \-Xm-Ip-p.

hncp-m-y-i-b-\-t{Im[ pZv`-bm-bm-k-ssa-Yp\w
h-tbZv hnj-aptm ƒ]n Znhm-kz]v\w hnti-jXx
84

hncp--amb Blmcw Ign-p-I, `n--Xns aosX hopw `n-p-I, t{Im[w, hni-v, `bw, ico-cw-sIm-p Bbm-kw, ssaYp\w Ch-sbmw hnjw icn-bmbn tamNnp--Xp-hsc hn--Ww. hnti-jn-Xv ]I-ep-d-p-Xpw hn-t--Xm-Wv.

aplplpx intcm-\ymkx timYx ipjvIu-jvT-Ip-WvTXm
Pztcm AƒwK-a kwX-_v[mn Km{XXzw l\p-I-\w
temam-]-K-a\w tKmem-\n-c-c-Xnth-]-Yp{`ax
NXp-jv]Zmw `h-tXy-XZv ZjvSm-\m-an-l-e--Ww.
85

\mem-m-en-Iv km-Zn-I-fpsS hnj-ta-d-dm IqsS-qsS Xe FSp-n-p-sIm-n-cn-p-Ibpw ho-ap-m-hp-Ibpw Nppw IWvThpw ]d-p-t]m-hp-Ibpw Pzchpw Ah-ahpw Dm-hp-Ibpw Ipw ico-chpw kvXw`n-p-t]m-hp-Ibw XmSn-sbv hnd-p-Ibpw tcmaw sImgnp t]mhp-Ibpw oWw, Ac-Xn, hnd-b, {`aw Ch-bp-m-hp-Ibpw sNpw. C{]-Im-c-ap eWw Im \mevm-en-Iv km-Zn-I-fpsS ISn Gd-dn-p-sv a\-n-em--Ww.

tZh-Zm-cp-l-cnt{Z tZz kpckw N-\m-Kpcp
cmkv\m-tKm-tcm-N-\m-PmPo Kpp-ezn-p-c-tkm-\Xw
Nqw kssk--hm-\w tKm]n--a-[p-kw-bpXw
NXp-jv]-Zm\mw ZjvSm-\m-a-KZx k-Imn-Ix
86

tZh-Xm-cw, a, ac-a--tm-ev, Xpf-kn-th-cv, N-\w, AIn, Ac-, tKmtcm-N-\w, PZo-c-Iw, KpKp-ep, Icn-n\o-cv, XI-cw, Cp-v, sImSn-q-h-thcv Ch kaw s]mSnp tKm]n-hpw tX\pw tNp-]-tbm-Kn--Ww. \mevm-en-Iv hnj-s-m Cu AKZw ]m\-\-kym-RvP\ te]-\mZn k-I-pw D]-tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Wv.

ku`m-Kymw kv{Xobxx tkzZ-c-tPm-\m\mw KPma-em
K{Xp-{]-bp-mw--K-cm {]b--y--an-{in-Xm
ssXx kym]mWvUpx Irtim ƒ]mw-n Kc-m-tkym-]-Pm-btX
a-{]-[-a-\m-[vam\w izb-Yp lkvX-]m-Ztbmx
PTcw {Kl-Wo-tcm-tKm-b-vam-Kpevax tbm-Pzcx
Ghw-hn-[m-\n-Nm-\yky hymt[ enwKm\n Zi-tb.
87

kv{XoI Xs ku`m-Ky-n ]pcp-j-msc hio-I-cn-p-hm-\mbn hnb--n-t\bpw B-h-c--tbpw ico-c-n-ep \m\mAwK--fnse ae--tfbpw Blm-c-n tNp sImSp--s-Sp--Xm-Ip-p. AXp-t]mse kv{XoI i{Xp--fm t{]cn--sSpw Iqp-hn-j-sf Blm-c-n tNp-sIm-Sp--s-Sp--Xm-Ip-p. C{]-Im-c-ap Kcw `n-p-t]m-b-h\v ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, icocw saen-bp-I, An-am-yw, lrZ-b-]o-U,. hbdv hov, Imep-I-fnepw Ibn-I-fnepw how, atlm-Z-cw, {Kl-Wo-tcm-Kw, bw, Kp, cmP-b-vam-hv, Pzcw, Ch-bp-m-Ip--Xm-Wv. am{X-a addv ]e tcmK-e--W- ImWp-Ibpw sNpw.

kz]vt\-amm-c-tKm-K-ambp hymfm k\ IpemI-]n
{]mbx ]iyXn \Zym-Zo ipjvIvmw k h\-kv]-Xo
Ime--Ku-c-am-m\w kz]vtX-Ku-c--Im-eIw
hnI-\m-kn-Iw-hm]n {]]-tiy-Z-l-tX-{nbx
Xa-thy `nj-Iv{]mx ]rtInwssIx IZm-kl
PKv-an-Xy-h-K-aymip {]Z-ZymZv ha-\w-_p[x
88

Kcw `n-p-t]m-b-h kz]v\-n ]q, Ipdp-, hym{Lm-Zn-lnw-{k-Po-hn-I, Iocn, Ipcv Chsb an-hmdpw ImWp-Ibpw \Zn, Ipfw apX-emb Pem-i-b- hd-dn-m-Wp-Ibpw hr-e-Xm-Zn-I DW-n-m-Wp-Ibpw sNpw. Xs kzw hw Idp-m-bn-p--h Kuc-h-ambpw Kuc-h-ap--h Idp h-ambpw kz]v\w ImWp-Ibpw sNpw. C{n-b- \jvS-s-Sm--h sNhnbpw aqpw \jvS-s--Xmbn kz]v\w ImWp-Itbm sNpw. C{]-Im-c-samw Dm-bn--m _pn-am-\mb sshZy Ah-t\mSv \o Ftm Bcp-tS-IqsS Fv `np Fp tNmZn--Ww. C{]-Imcw tNmZnp a\-n-em-n-b-Xn-\p-tijw hnjw `n-p-t]m-bn-p-s-n DSs\ _pn-am-\mb sshZy Ahs\ On-n--Ww.

kqvaw Xm{a-c-P-mkvssa ku{Zw lrZzn-tim-[\w
ipt-lr-Zn-XXx imWw tla-Nqky Zm]-tb
tla-k-hn-jm-Wymip Kcmw hn\n-b-Xn
\ ktX tla-]mwtK hnjw-]--Ztf ƒw_p-h.
89

Kcw`n-p-t]m-b-hs lrZ-bsipo-I-cn-p-hm-\mbn ha-\mwXm{a-`kvaw tX\ntNp-sIm-Sp--Ww, lrZ-b-ipn h-Xn-\p-tijw Hcp-imWw (\mev amj-ns Xqw) kz-`kvaw sImSp--Ww. kzw k-hn-j--tfbpw Kc--tfbpw\in-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. Xma-c-bn-e-bn shw ]d-dn-\n-evm--Xp-t]mse kzw tkhn--hs ico-c-N bmsXm-cp-hn[ hnjhpw \nevp--X-.

\mK-Zo {Xnhr-o {Zh-o-kv\p-Iv]bx ^ssex
km[nXw amln-j, kntKm-aq-{Xm-V-I-]m-NnXw
k-IoS hnjmm-\m-au-j-[- {]im--tb.
90

\mK-Z-n, {Xnhr-o {Zhn (Ch aqpw Zn-bpsS hI-t`-Z-am-Ip-p.) In-m-ev, ae--c Ch kaw Iev-amn \men-S-gn tKmaq-{X-n Hcn-S-gn Fcpa s\v ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. Cu s\v k IoS--K-c-hn-jm-m-cpsS hnjw ian-p-hm ]ca Huj-[-am-Ip-p.

inco-j-XzIv {XnI-SpIw {Xn^-em-N--t\m]te
tZz_-te-im-cn-_m-kvt^mXm kpc-`n\n _]m-Semx
_p-Po-hm-VIo aqm hmim-k-c-k-hk-Im
]mTm-tm-Tmiz Km-aq-e-b-jvSym-lz-]--Im
hnim-emw-_r-lXow {Zmmw tImhn-Zmcw iXm-hcow
IS-`o-Z-y-]-am-]riv\o ]o ckm-RvP\w
tizXu _mWm-iz-Jp-cIu IpjvT Zmcp-{]nb KpIm
hnZmcow a[q-Imkmcw Ic-RvP-ky-^-e-XzNu
cP-\yu-tem-{-a-mwiw ]njvSzm-km-yw-Lr-Xm-VIw
Xpeym _pOm-K-tKm-aq{X {XyQ-tI-XZv hnjm-]lw
A]-kvam-c-Pz-tcm-mZ `qX-{K-l-K-tcm-Zcw
]mWvUp-tcm-Km {Inao Kpam oc-tlmcp kvXw`-Im-aemx
l\pkvX ` {Klm-Zow ]m\m-`yRvP\ \mhss\x
l\ym kRvPn-h-tb-mip hntjm-tZzK arXm\-cm
\mavss\-X-Z-ZrXw k-hn-jmWmw kymZvLr-tXm--aw.
Aar-c-Lr-Xw.
91

s\t-\n-hm-I-tm-ev, {XnI-Sp, {Xn^-e, \oe-m-a-c, Ipdp-tm-n-th-cv, B\-p-dp-tm-n-th-cv, \m-dn-n-v, henb \m-dn-n-g-v, Nnd-d-c-, thn-tXm-ev, ]mXn-cn-th-cv, D-a-e-cn-th-cv, Xph-c-th-cv, s]cp-p-dp--th-cv, BS-tem-S-Iw-th-cv, Xpf-kn-th-cv, IpS-I-m-e-b-cn, ]mS-n-g-v, Atm-e-th-cv, Aap-p-cw, Fcn-nth-cv, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, ]Xp-ap-Iw, Imp-sh--cn-th-cv, sNdp-h-gp-Zn-\n-th-cv, am-c-nth-cv, iXm-h-cn-n-g-v, sNdp-p--th-cv, \mK-Z-n-th-cv, IS-em-Sn-th-cv, aqhn-e-thcv, ckm-RvP-\w, shfp sImgn-nth-cv, sh-p-Xn-c-bpsS Ipf-v, sImw, tZh-Xm-cw, Rmgq-hv, ]map-Xp-nIng-v, Ccn--m-X, DnI-cp, DntXm-ev, a, ac-a--tm-ev, ]mtm-d-dn-tm-ev, Ch Hmtcm Igv Acp Ievw tNp \men-S-gn s\pw s\\v kaw ip-P-ehpw ]{-n-S-gn Bnaq-{Xhpw ]{-n-S-gn tKmaq-{Xhpw tNp s\v ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp--Ww. Cu s\v hnjs \in-n-p--Xm-Wv. A]-kvam-cw, Pzcw, Dm-Zw, `qX-_v[, {Kl-_m-[, Kc-tZm-jw, atlm-Z-cw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, Iran-tcm-Kw, Kp, ol-tcm-Kw, Ducp-kvXw-`w, Iman-e, l\p-kvXw-`w, kvI-{Klw apX-em-b-h-tbbpw ]m\--A-`y-RvP-\--\-ky--tf-smv \in-n-p--Xm-Wv. hntjm-tZz-Kw-sImv arX-{]m-b-cmb a\p-jysc Cu s\v W-n Pohn-n-p--Xm-Wv. AarXw Fv t]cmb Cu s\v k-hn-j-pw D-a-am-Ip-p.

X{X-t{imImx
O{Xo-Xv[Xv[c ]mWn NtcZv cm{Xu XYm-Znhm
Xm-bm-i_vZ hn{XkvXmx {]W-iy-n-ln-]-Kmx.
92

cm{Xn-bnepw AXp-t]mse Xs ]Iepw IpS-]n-Snpw ssIsImv i_vZ-ap-m-nbpw hgn \S--Ww. IpS-bpsS \ngsImpw ssIsIm-p-m-p i_vZw-sImpw ]mp-I `bv HmSn-tm-Ip--Xm-bn-cn-pw.

ZjvS-amt{Xm Zti-Zm-ipXw kw temjvStahN
D]-cy-cn-jvSm _[v\obmZw-iw-On-Xzm-Z-tl-Xhm
h{Pw-a-c-XIx kmcx ]nptIm hnj-ap-jvSnIm
Itm-SIw k-a-Wn sshZqcyw KP-au-nIw
[mcyw hc-a-Wn-cym hcu-jt[ym hnjm-]lmx
JKm kmcnImx {Iumx inJn-lw-k-ip-Im-Zbx.
93

]mpISn-m DS-s\-Xs B]mns\ ]nSpISn-p-Itbm AYhm ]mns\Inn-bn-s-n aI FSppISn--Itbm sN-Ww. ISn-s]--Xns D]-cn-`m-K-mbn Nc-Sp-sImv sIn-bnv hnjs sRn FSp-p-I-f-b-Ww. AYhm Zwi-m\w apdnp If-bp-Itbm s]mn-p-Itbm sN-Ww. h{P-a-Wn, ac-X-I-a-Wn, ]nNp-I-a-Wn, hnj-ap-jvSn-Im-a-Wn, Itm-S-I-a-Wn, k-a-Wn, sshZq-cy-a-Wn, B\-bpsS akvX-I-n\nv Inp--aWn apX-emb t{ijvT-Xz-ap aWn-Ifpw hnjs \in-n-p--Xmb t{ijvT-Xz-ap Huj-[-fpw ico-c-n[cn-p-Xv hnj-`-b-an-m-Xn-cn-p-hm \-Xm-Ip-p. ssa\, {Iu--n, abn, Ac-b-w, X apX-em-b-hsbhon hfp-Xv `-W-hn-j-n\nv c-s-S-hm \-Xm-Ip-p.

CXo-Z-apw Zzohn-[ky hnkvX-ssc
_lp-{]-Im-ssc hnj-tcm-K-t`-jPw
A[n-Xybx kay-Knl {]tbm-P-tbZv
{htPZv hnjm-Wm-ahn kly-Xmw-`n-j-Km.
94

mhc PwKa hnj-tcm-K-v At\-I-hn-[-n-ep Huj-[-tbm-K-sf hnkvX-cnp ChnsS ]d-b-sp CXns\ th-Xp-t]mse ]Tnp {]tbm-Kn--s-Sp sshZy\v F{X Ak-l-\o-b-amb hnj--tfbpw t\cn-Sp-hm Ign-bp--Xm-Wv.

CXy-n-thi IrtX-Xt{ Nc-I-{]Xn kwkvIrtX ƒ
{]m]vtX-Zr-V-_e {]Xn-kw-kvIrtX NnIn-n-X-mt\
hnj-tcmK NnIn-nXw \ma {Xtbm-hnwtim ƒymb

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