Aymbw  23

hnj NnIn-nXw

tmI x

1 - 15

16 - 30

31 - 45

46 - 60

61 - 75

76 - 94

Zwimp hnjw ZjvS-ky-hn-krXw sshWnImw `njIv _zm
\njv]o-U-tbZv {ZpXw Zwi-ap--tc a-hw hm
Xw Zwiw hm Nptjap-tJ\ bh-Nq-]mw-ip-]qt\
{] irwK-P-eu-tIm-hy-[ss\x {kmhyw XtXm-cw
cthnj-{]-ZpjvtS Zptjy {]Ir-Xn-kvX-X-kvXy-tP {]mWm
Xkvam {]LjssW ckrIv h-am\w {]hyw-kym
16

]mn-\m ISn-s]--hs hnjw ISne-p-\nv ico-c-n hym]n-p--Xn\p apmbn sshZy ISn-s]--Xns D]-cn-`m-K-mbn sIn-bnv W-n hnjs sRn-sb-Spp If-b-Ww. AYhm ISn ew apdn-s-Spp If-bp-Itbm sN-Ww. a-m-\-m-sW-n apdn--cpXv ImcWw apdn--Xp-sIm-v acn-p-t]m-sb-p-h-cmw. AYhm bh-ns Nqtam atd-d-sX-nepw Nqtam hmbn \ndp hmb-sImv Zwi-{]-tZ-ip \nv hen-s-Sp-p-Itbm sNmw,. (hmbn s]mtm {hWtam Ds-n hmb-sImv hen-sSp--cp-Xv.) AXn-\p-tijw ISn-hm-bn ikv{XwsImv Iodntbm sImv shtm AsbCtm kncm-th[w sNbvtXm c-tam-Ww sN-Ww. cw hnjw sImv Zpjn-m ico-c-ns \ne-\n-ev]n\v Imc-W-amb {]IrXn Zpjn-p--Xm-Wv. {]IrXn Zpjn-m {]mW-sf XyPnpw AXm-bXv acn-p-t]m-Ip-sa-w. AXp-sImv Zqjn-X-amb cw ikv{Xm-Zn-{]-tbm-K--sf-smv ]pd-tv t]mIp-n-s-n AhnsS Xmsg-]-d-bp Huj-[--fnp Xncpn cs ]pd-tv If-tb--Xm-Ip-p.

{XnI-Sp-Kr-l-[q-a-c-P\o ]-h-eWmx k hmImx
Lj-W-aXn {]hrt hSm-Zn`nx ioXf {]te]x
cw ln hnjm-[m\w hmbp-cn-hmt {]tZ-l-tk-ssI-kvX
iossXx kvIXn XkvankvIt hy]-bmXn hnj-thKx
hnj-th-Km-Z aqm hnjm-KZ lrZ-b-{Zhmx {]htX
iossX \nh-tbXm \ho-Py tema-ljx kym
XXp-cn-h-aq-e-tO-Zmw it-Zm hrn-ta-Xn-hnjw
B Nqj-W-am-\-b\w Pe-ky-tk-Xp-cy-Ym-X-Ym-cnjvSmx
17

Npv, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Xn-en, C---cn, a, ]-e-h-W- (C-p-v, Ip-v, Imcp-v, hnf-bp-v, skuh-e-D-v) sNdp-h-Zn-\n-thcv Ch kaw FSpp s]mSn--s]mSn apdn-hm-bn-en-p-Xn-cp-n-bm cw {khn-pw. cw IqSp-X-embn {khn-p-I-bm-sW-n \mev]m-a-c-ns tXme-cp ioX-f-te-]\w sN-Ww. c-am-Is hnj-ns B{i-b-m-\-am-Ip-p. B cw Ansb hmbp-sh--t]mse ioX-f-amb te]-\--sf-smpw [mc-I-sf-smpw In-bm-Ip--Xm-Wv. hnj-hm-[m-\-amb cw In-bm-Ip--Xm-bm hnj-th-K- Ipd-bp--Xm-Wv. hnj-th-Kw-sImv at\m-hn-{`-aw, tamlm-e-kyw, ZpxJw, lrZ-b-{Z-hXzw Ch Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. Ch-tbbpw ioX-f-amb te-]\w sImpw [mc-sImpw iannt-XmWv tcmam--ap-m-Ip--Xp-hsc hoip-Ibpw thWw. thcv apdn-m hrw hf-cm-Xn-cn-p--Xp-tcmse ISn-hm-bn Iodn c-tam-Ww sNbvXm hnjw hn-p--X-. hmb-sImpw Cun FSp-p--Xm-bm Aev]w hym]n--Xmb hnjw IqSn ]pd-tv t]mIp--Xm-Wv.ISn-s]--Xns ta`m-Kv sIp--Xm-bm Hgp-Ip shs sIn-\nn-bm-se--t]mse hnjw ico-c-n hym]n-m-Xn-cn-p--Xm-Wv.

XzMvamwk-KtXm Zmtlm Zl-Xn-hnjw {khWw lc-Xn-c-m
]oXw hass\x ktZym-l-tcZv hntc-ssI ZznXo-tbXp
BZu-lr-Zbw cyw Xkym-h-cWw ]nt_Zv bYm-em`w
a[p-kn am\w ssKcn-I-aY tKma-b-ckw hm
Cpw kp]-Iz-a-Yhm ImIw \njv]oUy X{Z-kw-hm-aew
OmKm-Zo\mw hm krKv `kva-arZw hm ]nt_-Zmip
mtcm ƒK-Z-kvXr-Xotb timY-lcw O\w ka-[zw_p
tKma-b--Xpt thtK k I]n a[p-kn`nx
ImIm-WvU-in-co-jm`ymw kzc-tk-\m-tym-X-\m-RvP-t\-\kyw
kym]-ta ƒY jjvtT kwm-kw-m-]-\w-Imcyw
tKm]n bp cP\o aRvPn-jvTm-a-cnN ]n-eo-]m\w
hnj-]m\w ZjvSm\mw hnj-]otX Zwi\w Nmt
18

N-nepw amwk-nepw nXn-sN-p hnjw temlm-Zn-I X]n-ntm atddm t]m-n-p--Xm-bm Zln-p-t]m-Ipw. c-n nXn-sN-p hnjw c-K-tam--Ww-sImv \in-p--Xm-Wv. IpSn--hnjw DS-s\-Xs On-n-p--Xp-sImv \in-p--Xm-Wv. IpSn hnj-ns cm-as thK-n AXm-bXv Bam-i-b-n \nv hnp-I-gn-m hntc-N-\w-sImv \in-p--Xm-Wv. ha-\-hn-tc-N-\- sNp--Xn-\p-ap-mbn BZyw lrZ-bs cn--Ww. lrZ-b-ns Bh-c-W-n-\mbn C\n--d-bp Huj-[--fn GsX-nepw HvAtm Inn-b-X-\p-k-cnp IpSn--Ww. hnj-ns BZy-th-K-n tX, s\v, a, Imhn-av Ie-nb shw, NmW-I-\o-cv, \ aqs-nb Icn-n\ocv Ch-bn-te-sX-nepw IpSn--Ww. cm-as thK-n Im amwkw thhnp ]ngn-s-Sp cktam BSv apX-em-b-h-bpsS ctam NmW-I-h-cSn Nps-Sp `kvawIe-nb shtam DSs\IpSn--Ww. aqm-as thmK-n mc-A-KZw tim^-c-lu-j-[--fntem O-\u-j-[--fntem tX\pw shhpw tN-Xntem sImSp--Ww. \mem-as thK-n NmW-I-\ocv hnfm--g-c-k-ntem tX\ntem s\ntem tNp-sIm-Sp--Ww. Am-as thK-n ImI--\n-n-bp-tSbpw s\t\n hmI-bp-tSbpw kzc-kwsImv In Dud-dn-p-Ibpw ARvP-\-an-Sp-Ibpw \kywsNp-Ibpw thWw. Bdm-asthK-n t_m[w \ne-\np-hm-\mbn a, ]qh-w, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Xnen Ch-bpsSIjm-b-n tKmtcm-N\w tNp-sIm-Sp--Ww. Ggm-asthK-n ]mpISn--hs\ aqe-hnjw IpSn-n-p-Ibpw hnjwIpSn--hs\ ]mn-s\-smv IpSn-n-p-Ibpw sN-Ww.

inJn-]n-m-bpXw kym ]em-i-_n-P-a-K-tZm-ar-tX-jp-hcx
hmm-I-^m-Wn-Xm-Km-c-[qa tKm]n \nw_w hm
tKm]n--bp-ssX KpUnIm kpc-tkm{Km Zznc-P\o a[p-I-IpjvssTx
ikvXm-ar-tX-\-Xpeym incoj ]pjv]-Im-Im-WvU-c-ssk hm
ImI-WvU-kp-c-k-K-hmo ]p\ hm hmbko inco-j-^ssex
XZz-Z-cn-jvS-P-e-artX te]u-j[ \ky-]m-\m\
19

Na-X-p-cp-hns ]IpXn abn-ens ]nw tN-cp AKZw hnjw-sImv arX-{]m-b-am-bn-p--Xn ]m\-te-]-\m-Zn-Iv t{ijvT-amb AK-Z-am-Ip-p. AYhm sNdp-h-Zn-\n-_o-Pw, i-c-m-hv, C---cn, tKmtcm-N-\w, thne Chkaw FSp--c-p-m-p AK-Zhpw hnjw-sImv arX-{]m-b-am-b-Xn t{ijvT-am-Ip-p. AYhm Xpf-ko-]p-jv]w, hb-v, a, ac-a--tm-ev, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, sImw, Ch tKm]nwtN-cp Kpfn-I-bmn D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xpw hnjw-sImv arX-{]m-b-am-bn-p--Xn lnX-am-Ip-p. AYhm kpc-kmZn Huj-[- s\t-\n-hm-I-q-hn-sbpw Im--\n-n-bn-e-bp-tSbpw kzckn AcpKpfn-I-bmn D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xpw arX-k-RvPo-h-\n-bm-Ip-p. Im--\n-n-bn-e, Xpf-ko-]p-jv]w, Imp-sh--cn-th-cv, sXgp-Xm-a-th-cv, Ima-am-No, inco-j-]pjv]w Ch-sIm-p-m-p Kpfn-Ibpw arX-k-RvPo-h-\n-bm-Ip-p. Cu AK-Z--sfmw arX-{]m-b-amb hnj-n {]tbm-Kn-p--Xp-t]m-se-Xs sIn-qn arX-{]m-b-am-b-Xnepw sh-n hoWp arX-{]m-b-am-b-Xnepw te]-\--\-ky--]m-\-mbn D]-tbm-Kn-m-hp--Xm-Wv.

kv]rm-h utWb Imn-ssi-teb tcmN-\m-X-Icw
[yma-I-Ip-pa amwko-kp-c-km-ss{K-eme IpjvTLv\w
_rl-Xo-in-coj ]pjv]-{io-thjvS ]-Nm-cSo hnimemx
kpc-Zmcp ]-tI-kc kmh-c-I-a\x inem-Iuyx
PmXy-]p-jv]-ck cP-\o-Zzb lnwKp ]n-eo-emmx
Pe-ap-ZvK-]o N\ aZ-\-a-[pI knq-hm-cm
iw]m-I-tem{ abq-cI K-^-eo-\m-Ipeo hnUw-Km
]ptjy kwlr-Xykw ]njvSzm-Kp-SnIm hnt[bmx kypx
k-hn-jLvt\m Pb-Ir hnj-ar-X-k-RvPo-ht\m Pzc-\n-lm
t{Lb hnte-]\ [mcW [qa-{K-l-ssW Krl-
`qX-hn-j-Pz evao Im-W-a-{my i\y-co l\ym
`qkz]v\ kv{XotZm-jm\ Ime-a-c-Wmw-_p-Nu-c-`bw
[\-[m-\y-Im-cy-knn {in ]pjvSym-bp hnh-t\m-[\yx
arX-k-RvPo-h\ Gj {]mK-ar-XmZv {_-Wm-hn-lnXx
arX-k-RvPo-ht\m ƒKZx
20

tNm\-I-p-v, Ibn-ap--, XqWn-bm-w, Imhn-a-v, tNtebw (I--Zw), tKmtcm-N-\w, XI-cw, \mp-I-p-v, Ipp-aw, PSm-am-n, Xpf-ko-]p-jv]w, Ge--cn, Acn-Xm-cw, Icn-m-en, sNdp-h-Zn-\n-th-cv, s\t-\n-hm-I-q-hv, Xncp-h---i, ]-Nm-c-Sn, Imp-sh--cn-th-cv, tZh-Xm-cw, Xma-c-b-n, ]m-tXm-d-dn-tm-ev, a\-n-e, Atc-Wp-Iw, ]n-I-q-hn-tbpw Fcp-n]q-hn-sbpw ckw, a, ac-a--tm-ev, Imbw, Xn-en, tIme-c-v, Ccp-th-cn, Imp-]-b-dnIn-g-v, N-\w, ae--c-, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, Icn-s\m-n-th-cv, sIm-tm-ev, Nph ]mtm-d-dn-tm-ev, IS-em-Sn-th-cv, Rmgq-hv, Ac-, hngm-ecn Ch kaw ]qw \-{X-n FSpp ip-P-e-X-n Acp Kpfn-I-bm--Ww. CXv k-hn-j--tfbpw \in-n-pw, hnP-b-{]-Z-am-Wv. hnjwsImv arX-{]m-b-am-b-hsc Pohn-n-pw. Pzcs \in-n-pw. CXv hmk-\n-n-p-Ibpw ico-c-n te]\w sNp-Ibpw tZl-n [cn-p-Ibpw [qa-]m\w sNp-Ibpw hon shp-Ibpw sNbvXm `qX-_m-[, hnj-_m-[, Pp-_m-[, Ae--dvan, B`n-Nm-c-a-{-tZm-jw, An-`bw CSn-an--en \np `bw, i{Xp-`bw Chsb \in-n-pw. Zpxkz-]v\w, kv{Xoh-io-I-c-W-tZm-jw, AIm-e-a-c-Ww, Pe-`-bw, tNmc-`bw Ch-tbbpw \in-n-p--Xm-Wv. [\-kn-nbpw [m\y-kn-nbpw k-Imcy knn-bp-ap-m-Ip-\w. ico-c-Im-nsb ]pjvSn-s-Sp-pw. Bbp-ns\ hn-n-pw. [\y-am-Wv. Cu arX-k-RvPo-h\n AKZw Aar-Xp-m-p--Xn\p apmbn {_m-hn-\m Dm--s--Xm-Ip-p.

ass{ [a-\o-_tm ƒ]m-am\w Imcy-am c-W
tZmj-ky-hnjw bky-m-t\-kym Xw Ptb]qw
hmX-mt\ tkztZm Z[v\m \X-IpjvT Iev-]m-\
a[p-Lr-X-]tbmw ƒ_p]m-\m-h-Kml tkIm ]nt
mtcm ƒKZx I^-m\ KtX-tkz-Z-kvXYm kncm-hy-[\w
Zpjo-hntj ƒY c-ntX kncm-I ]-hn[w
t`j-P-tahw I]yw `njPm hnmb k-Zm-kw
m\w-P-tb ]qw m\-kym hncp--RVvN
21

kn-a-{--tf-smv [a-\o-_w sNp-Ibpw hnj-an-d-p-Ibpw B-c--sN-p-Ibpw thWw. hnjw hmXmZn GXv tZmj-ns m\-mtWm nXn-sN-p-Xv BtZmjs BZyw Pbn--Ww. hnjw hmX-m-\-mWv nXn-sN-p--sX-n hnbn-p-Ibpw XI-chpw sImhpw Acp ssXcntNp sImSp-p-Ibpw thWw. ]n-m-\-m-sW-n tX, s\v, ]mev, ip-Pew ChIpSn-p-Ibpw ip-P-e-n apn-bn-cp-p-Ibpw ip-PewsImv [mc sNp-Ibpw th-Ww. hnjw I^-m-\-m-sW-n mc AKZw sImSp-p-Ibpw hnbn-p-Ibpw kncm-th[w sNbvXp cw\op-Ibpw thWw. Zqjo-hnjw c-n-emWv nXn-N-sX-p--sX-n Ap-hn-[-n-ep kncm-th[w sN-Ww. sshZy C{]-Imcw Imcyw a\-n-em-n-bnv Fmhnj-nepw Fm-bvtmgpw FmHuj-[--tfbpw {]tbm-Kn-t--Xm-Wv. hnjw hmXmZn GXv tZmj-ns m\-tWm \nevp-Xv Bm\s BZywPbn--Ww. m\-hn-cp--amb NnIn sNbvXp-t]m-hp-Ibpw Acp-Xv.

hnj-Zq-jnX I^-am-t{kmXx kwtcm-[-cp hmbpkvXp
arX Ch iztkayx kymZ-kmy enwssK hnlo-\
N-I-jmbmx Ievw hnem-kaw aqv\n-Im-I-]-Z-aky
IrXzm-Z-Zym IS-`o-I-Sp-I-I-Sv^e {][-a-\
OmK-K-hy-am-ln-jm-hn-I-Iu-p-Sm-_vP-amwkm
ZZym ImI-]-tZm-]-cn-at hntj-ssWh klkm
\mkmn I-Pnlzm IWvT-\n-tcm-t[jp I-\kvXx kym
hmm-I-_oP ]pc-I-tPym-Xn-jva-Xym-Zn`nx ]njvssSx
ARvP-\-a-yp] Ihyw hkvX-aq{X ]njvssSkvXp
Zmcp-thym-j-l-cn{Zm Ic-ho-c-I-cRvP \nw_-kp-c-ssk-kvXp.
22

hnjw-sImv Zqjn-X-amb I^w izmk-\m-f-n XS-bp--Xp-sImv hmbp XS-b-sp ac-W-a-Sp a\p-jy izkn-p--Xp-t]mse izkn-p--Xm-bn-cn-pw. Fm AXv Akmy e-W-a-. B Ah--bn Ahs aqm-hn ImIm-I-bpsS Imens BIr-Xn-bn Iodn Hcp-]ew N-Ij (km-X-em) Acp AhnsS shp AXn-\p-tijw sNdp-p--bcn, {XnI-Sp, tZh-Xm-fn-pcp Ch-bpsS Nqw aqn hen-p-I-b-d-d-Ww. AYhm DuXn--b-d-d-Ww. hnj-th-Kw-sImv s]sv tamlm-e-ky-s-p-t]m-bm aqm-hn ImI-]-Zm-Ir-Xn-bn ({Xn-tIm-Wm-Ir-Xn-bn) Iodn-bnv AhnsS Bn-ttbm ]ip-hn-ttbm t]mn-ttbm ]in-hn-ttbm t]mn-ttbm Ipdn-bm-Sn-ttbm tImgn-bp-tStbm Pe-Po-hn-I-fp-tStbm amwkw th-Ww. aqv, Iv, Iw, \mhv, IWvTw Ch-bpsS {]h\w XS-p-t]m-hp-I-bm-sW-n \kyw sN-Ww. sNdp-h-gp-Zn-\n-bn-etbm sNdp-\m-c-tbm jUv hntc-N-\o-b-n ]d tPymXn-jva-Xym-Zntbm ]ngn \ocv \ky-n-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. t\{X-tcm-K-nU tZh-Xm-cw, {XnI-Sp, a, Ic-ho-cw, DnIp-cp, thntXm-ev, Xpf-ko-]p-jv]w, Ch Bn aq{X-n-e-cp ARvP\w sN-Ww.

tizXm-h-Nmiz Km-lnw-Kz-arXm IpjvT-ssk-hw eiq\w
kj-]-Ip-]n--ayw Spp-I-aq-e-I-cRvP _oPm\n
thymjw inco-j-]pjv]w tZzN-\nti hwi-tem-]-\--kaw
]njvSzm-Y-h-kvX-aq-t{XW NtKm--]n-t\ k]vXmlw
hymXymk `mhntXm ƒbw \nln inc-nXw hnjw-n{]w
k-Pzc `qX-{Kl hnjq-NnIm Po-aq-mn
Dm-Zm-]-kvamcu ImN-]-Se \oen-Im-intcm tZmjm
ipjvIm-n-]mI ]nm_p-Zm IWvUp-Xtam tZmjm
b-Zu_ey aZm-Xyb ]mWvUp-K-Zmw-m-RvP-\m XYm-tam-lm
te]mZv ZnKv-X eoV ZjvSm-Zy-jvS-hn[ hnj-LmXo
Aix kzm\-tjp N KptZ-te-t]m, tbm\n-te-]\w kv{XoWmw
aqtV-Kt`, ZpjvtS eem-S-te]x {]Xn-iymtb
hru-In-Snt` IpjvtT izn{X-hn-Nn-Im-Zn-jp-te]x
KP Ch Xcq hnj-K-Zm \nl-y-KtZm K-l-kvtXyjx
CXn-K--lkvXo \mam-KZx.
23

shfp hb-v, Aap-p-cw, Imbw, Nnd-d-ar-Xv, sImw, Cp-v, shp-n, ISp-Iv, hnfm--g-ns a, ]m-\-th-cv, DnIp-cp, {XnI-Sp, s\t-\n-hm-I-q-hv, a, ac-a--tm-ev, apf-q-cw, Ch kaw FSp--cp Ggp-Zn-hkw Bn aq{X-nepw Ggp-Zn-hkw tKm]n--nepw CS-hn-n-S-hnv `mh\ sNbvtX-Sp--Ww. AXm-bXv Hcp Znhkw Bn aq{X-n `h-\-sN-bvsX-Sp-m ]ntdd Znhkw tKmtcm-N\w Ie-n-b sh-n `mh\ sN-Ww. C{]-Imcw cnepw GgoXv Znhkw `mh\ sN-W-sa-w. Cu AKZw Xe-bn nXn sNp hnjs W-n \in-vpw. k-hn[ Pzcw, `qX-_m-[, {Kl-_m-[, hnjq-Nn-Im, APow, tamlm-e-kyw, Dm-Zw, A]-kvam-cw, ImNw, ]S-ew, \oen-I, (Ch aqpw t\{X-tcm-K--fm-Ip-p) intcm-tcm-Kw, ipjvIm-n-]m-Iw, ]n, A_p-Zw, Nw, (Ch \mepw t\{X-tcm-K--fm-Ip-p) Iv sNmdn-n, In-cp--S-, bw, Zp_-e-X, aZm-Xy-bw, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, C{nb hn{`aw Chsb Cu AK-Zw-sImv ARvP\w sNbvXm ian-n-pw. CXp-sImv te]\w sNbvXm hnjw ]pc-nb ikv{Xw-sIm-p hnjw, ]q apX-em-b-h-bpsS \Jw apX-em-b-h-sIm-p-mb X-hn-jw, tel\w sN-s hnjw, km-Zn-I-fpsS ISn-hn-jw, tX apX-em-b-h-bpsS hn-hn-jw, Zpjo-hn-jw, Kcw (Iq-p-hn-jw) Fo Fp hn[-n-ep hnj--tfbpw \in-n-pw. CXv KpZ-n te]\w sNbvXm Aipw hbdv hopw ian-pw. aqV-K`-n kv{XoI-fpsS tbm\n-bn te]\w sN-Ww. ZpjvS-]o-\-k-n CXv s\d-dn--S-n te]\w sNWw CXv hrn-tcm-K-nepw InSn` IpjvT-nepw izn{X-nepw hnNnI apX-em-b-h-I-fnepw te]\w sNp-hm D-a-am-Ip-p. Cu K-lkvXn F AKZw hnj-tcm-K-sf aZn B\ hr-s-sb--t]mse \in-n-p--Xm-Wv.

]{Xm-Kp-cp-ap-kvX-ssXem \ncymkmx ]-N-\w XYm-]rm
XzMv\-f-tZw]e _me ltcWp tImio-c-hy-{Lm-\Jx
kpc-Zmcp I\-I-Ip-p-a-[yma IpjvT-{]nbw Kh-kvX-Kcw
]mw-Km\n inco-jm thymjm-e-a\x inem-PmPyx
tizXm-I-S`o IcRvtPm ctmLv\x knp-hm-cn-Im-c-P\o
kpc-kmRv-P\ ssKcnI aRvPnjvTm \nw_-]{X \ncymkmx
hwi-Xz-K-iz-Km lnwKp-Z-[n-mavf thX-kw-hrmx
a[p-a-[pI tkma-cm-Poh Nmcp-lmtcm N\m-X-Icw
AKtZm ƒbw ssh{i-h-Wm-bm-Jym-X-kv{Xyw-_-tI-W-j-jvSywKx
A{]-Xn-lX {]`mhx kvartXm-a-lm-K lkvXoXn
]nt-\-\hmw t]jym-Kp-UnIm knmXp ]pjy-tbm-tKW
]m\mRvP\ {]tess]x {]km-[-tb k-ImWn
]nw IWvUq-Xn-ancw cm{Xyw ImN-a_p-Zw-]-Sew
ln-k-XX {]tbm-Km-nX anX-]-m-in-\mw-]pwkmw
hnj-a-Pz-cm\ Pom Z{Zp-IWvUq hnjq-Nn-Im-]mamx
IpjvTw InSn-`w-izn{Xw hnNnImw tNm]-l-n-\rWmw
hnj-aq-jnI eqXm\mw ktjmw ]Km-\m
Bip-hnjw \mi-b-tX aqe-a-P-aY IPw khw
GtX\ en]vX-Km{Xx km KrlvWmXn `-tb--hnjw
Ime-]-cotXm ƒ]n \tcm Poh-Xn-\nXyw \ncm-Xx
B\t KpZ-tet]m tbm\n-te-] aqV-K`-aWmw
aqmn-jpN eemtS te]-\-amlpx {][m-\-Xaw
t`co-ar-ZwK ]S-lm O{Xm-Wy-ap\m XYm-[z-P-]-XmImx
en]vXzm ƒln-hnj \nckvssXy {][m-\m-b Zi-tba-Xn-am
b{X Nk-n-ln-tXmbw \ X{X _me-{Klm \c-mwkn
\ssN-h-Im-W-a{m `hn \mYh-tWm-a{mx
kh-{Klm \ X{X {]`-hn \ Nmn ikv{X-\r-]-Nucmx
evao X{X `PtX b{X alm-K lkvXykvXn
kw]n-jy-amtW Nmt{Xaw kn-a-{-ap-Zm-l-tc
aa-amXm Pbm-\ma Ptbm-\m-ta-Xnta ]nXm
tkm ƒlw Pb Pbm-]pt{Xm hnPtbm ƒY Pbm-anN
\x ]pcp-j-knw-lmb hnjvWth hniz-ItW
k\m-I-X-I-\mb IrjvWmb `hmb hn`-hmb N
tXtPm hrjm-It^x kmm ItX-tPm-{_-t-{-tbmbta
bYmlw \m`n-Pm-\man hmkq-tZh ]cm-Pbw
amXp ]mWn-{K-lWw kap-{Zky N timjWw
At\\ kXy-hm-tIy\ kny-Xm-aK tZmlybw
\nln-\nln an\n an\n kwkrjvtS
c-khwt`j-tPm--ta-kzm-lm.
alm-K lkvXo\m amKZx
24

]n-e, AIn, ap-, Ge--cn, ]-\n-cym-kw, (sN--eyw, KpKp-ep, A^o, inem-c-kw, AnI-d) N-\w, tNm\-I-p-v, Ce-hw-Kw, PSm-am-n, \oe-ma-c, Ccp-th-cn, Atc-Wp-Iw, cma-w, ]pen-p-h-Snth-cv, tZh-Xm-cw, \mK-q-hv, Ipp-aw, \mp-I-p-v, sImw, Rmgq-hv, XI-cw, inco-j-]-mwKw (s\-t-\n-hm-I-bpsS thcv, tXmev, Ce, ]pjv]w, ^ew) {XnI-Sp, Acn-Xm-cw, a\p-n-e, Poc-Iw, shfp--h-b-v, sNdp-p--b-cn, DnIp-cp, ISpIv Icn-s\m-n-th-cv, a, Xpf-kn-]p-jv]w, ARvP-\--v, Iohn-a-v, ]qh-w, thn-e, thns Id, apf-bpsS ]pdwtXmev, Aap-p-cw, Imbw, hnfm--gw, ]pfn-h-n-m-b, sIm-tm-ev, tX, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, tXmh-cm-bn-th-cv, hb-v, s]cp-p-dp--th-cv, a--I-cw, Cu 60--Xcw Huj-[--tf-sm-p-m-p AKZw inh ssh{i-h-W\v D]-tZ-in--s--Xm-Ip-p. A]m-c-{]-`m-h-ap--Xmb Cu AK-Z-ns t]cv alm-K--lkvXn Fm-Ip-p. CXv ]qbw \-{X-n tKm]n--n-e-cp Kpfn-I-bm--Ww. CXns ]m\--A-RvP-\--te-]\{]tbm-K--tf-smv k-Im-cy-fpw km[n-pw. CXv lnXhpw anXhpw ]y-hp-amb Blmcw ioen-p-sImv XpS-bmbn tkhn-p--hs ]n, sNmdn-n, Xnan-cw, cmv ImWm-bva, ImNw, A_p-Zw, ]Sew Fo t\{X-tcm-K- \in-p--Xm-Wv. CXv hnj-a-Pz-cw, APow, Z{Zp-Ip-jvTw, sNmdn-n, hnjq-Nn-I, ]ma-Iq-jvTw, IpjvTw, InSn-`-Ip-jvTw, izn{Xw, hnNnI Ch-tbbpw \in-n-p--Xm-Wv. CXv hnj-a-Pz-cw, APow Z{Zp-Ip-jvTw, sNmdn-n, hnjp-Nn-I, ]ma-Ip-jvTw, IpjvTw, InSn-`-Ip-jvTw, izn{Xw, hnNnI Ch-tbbpw \innp--Xm-Wv. CXv Fen-hn-j-tbpw Nne-n-hn-j-t-bpw, Fm-hn[ ]mp-I-fpsS hnj-tbpw k-hn[ aqe-hn-j-tbpw I-P-hn-j-tbpw W-n \in-n-p--Xm-Wv. CXv ico-c-n]pc-n-b-h\v k-sf ]nSn-p-Ibpw hnjw`n-p-Ibpw sNmw. bmsXmc]mbhpw DmIp-X-. ac-W-a-Sp--h-\m-bmqSn CXns D]-tbm-Kw-sImv bmsXmcp tcmKhpw IqSmsX PohnXw XpS-cp--Xm-Wv. CXv hbdv hon KpZ-n te]\wsN-Ww. aqm-tcm-K-n s\d-dn--S-n CXv te]\w sNp-Xv Gd-dhpw \-Xm-Ip-p. s]cp--d, arXw-Kw, V Ch-I-fn Cu AKZw]pcn hmZy-tLmjw sNbvXmepw A{]-Imcw IpS-bnepw sImSn-q-d-bnepw ]pcn hnj-_m-[-tb-d-d-hs\ ImWn-mepw hnjw \in-pw. GsXmcp Krl-n CuAKZw shp-pthm AhnsS _me-{K-l-_m-[tbm c-p-I-fpsS _m[tbm Dm-Ip--X-. am{X-a A`n-Nmc {]hn-Itfm AY-th-Z-n ]d Zp-{-hm-Z-tZm-j-tfm ^en-p--X-. Cu AKZw shn-cn-p-t-Sv Hcp {Kl-pw Xs No-bmb{]`mhw ^en-n-p-hm Ign-bp--X-. AhnsS An, ikv{Xw, cmP-mhv I-m Ch-I-tf-sm-p `bw Dm-Ip--X-. FhnsS alm-K--lkvXn AK-Z-aptm AhnsS alm-evan hkn-p--Xm-Wv. Cu AKZw Ac-p-tm aa amXm Fp XpSn kzlmw htc-bp kn-a{w P]n-t--Xm-Wv.

Ej-`I Poh-I-b-jvSo-a-[p-tIm-ev]e [m\y-tI-k-cm-PmPyx
k-knX Kncn-tIm-e-a-yx-t]-bmx-izm-k-Pz-cm-Zn-lcmx
lnwKp N IrjvWm-bpw Ip]n bp-aq-{K-e-h-W
ka-[p-knXu ]mXhyu Pzc-lnm Imk-izm-kLv\u
telx tImem-y-RvP-\-em-tPm-ev]e LrssX hanw-ln
_rl-Xo-ZzbmVIo ]{X-[q-a-hnkvXp lnmLv\n
inJn-_l _e-Im-o\n kj-]m---\ LrX-bpw
[qtam-Kr-l-i-b-\m-k\ hkv{Xm-Znjp ikytX hnj-Pn
LrX-bpt \X-IpjvT `pPw-K-]-Xn-incx inco-j-Ip-kpaw hm
[qtam ƒKZx kvartXmbw k-hn-jLv\x izb-Yp-lr
PXp-tkhy ]{X-KpKpep `m-XI IIp` ]pjv]-k-ckmx
tizXm-[qam Dc-KmLp IoS-hkv{X {Inan-lcmx kypx.
25

CS-h-Iw, Poh-Iw, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, \oe-m-a-c, sIm-m-e-cn, \mK-q-hv, Poc-Iw, Imhn-a-v, e-p-cp-hns a Ch ip-P-e-n-e-c-p IenIpSn-m hnj_m[ Gd-d-h-\p-mb izmk-tcm-Kw, Pzcw apX-emb D]-{Z-h-hym-[n-I ian-pw. Imbhpw Xn-eo-Nqhpw IqSnbpw hnfm-p-g-c-khpw kuh-e-e-h-Whpw IqSnbpw tX\pw ]-km-cbpw tNptkhn-m hnj-tcm-Kn-p-m-Ip Pzcw, Fn-, Imkw, izmk-tcmKw Chian-pw. e-p-cp-hns a, ARvP-\--v, ae-cv, \oe-m-ac Ch kaw s]mSnp s\v tNp tel\w sNbvXm hnj-tcm-Kn-bpsS On ian-p--Xm-Wv. sNdp-h-gp-Zn-\n-bn-ebpw hh-gp-Zn-\n-bn-ebpw Xph-c-bn-ebpw IqSn]ngnp XpWn-bn apn Xncn-bp-mn Inp[qa-]m\w sNbvXm hnj-tcm-Kn-bpsS Fnian-pw. abno-en, sIm-bpsS An, ISp-Iv, N\w Chs]mSnp s\v tNp Xo-\-en-enp ]pIv hnj-tcm-Kn-bpsS honepw hncn-nepw Ccn-p-t-Spw [cn-phkv{Xm-Zn-I-fnepw ]pI-tb-ev]n-m hnjw ian-p-hm \-Xm-Ip-p. XI-chpw sImhpws]mSnp s\v tNtm k-ns Xebpw s\t-\n-hm-I-qhpw DW-n-sm-Snp s\v tNtm ]pIp ]pI-tb-ev]n-m Fm hn[ hnjhpwtim^hpw ian-pw. CXv [qaAK-Z-am-Ip-p. tIme-c-v, cma-w, ]n-e, KpKp-ep, tNp-cp, \oa-cp-Xn]q-hv, sN-eyw, shfp A]-cm-Pn-X, Chs]mSnp s\v tNpXo-\-en-enp ]pI-tb-ev]n-m ]mv, Fen, hrn-ImZn IoS-, hkv{X-n-ep-m-Ip Iran-I Ch \in-p-t]m-Ip--Xm-Wv.

Xcp-W-]-emi mcw {kpXw-]-tN-qnXx kl-k-amwssix
temlnX ar{Z-P0-\o-Zzb a[p-I-kp-ck ip-a-RvP-co`nx
emm-ssk-h amwko ltc-Wp-lnwKp Zznim-cn-_m-IpjvTx
kthym-j-hmn ssIZo-te-]\ L-tb-Zym-h
k-hn-j-timY Kpa-Xz-KvtZm-jmtim `K--c-ox
timYm-]-kvamc {Inan-`qX kzc-t`Z IWvUq-]m-WvUp-K-Zm
apm-n-Xzw-Imkw tkmmZw \mi-tb-bp-c-Y-]pwkmw
KpUn-Im-ivOm-bm-ipjvImx tIme-k-amkvXmx kap-]-bpmx. mc-Kp-UnImx.
26

aqs-m Na-X-bpsS hndIv Inmcw AXns \men-c-ntbm Bdn-c-ntbm sh-n 11--{]m-hiyw Acn-s-Spp Bsh-n AXn-\p-Xp-ey-ambn Imhn-a-v, a, ac-a--tm-ev, Cc-n-a-[p-cw, shfp Xpf-ko-]p-jv]w, tIme-c-v, Cp-v, PZ-Um-am-n, Atc-Wp-Iw, Imbw, henb \m-dn-n-g-v, sNdnb \m-dn-n-g-v, sImw, Npv, Ipcp-ap-f-Iv, Xn-en, Imbw Chkaw FSp-p-s]m-Sn s]mSnbpwtNp ]mIw-sNbvXp Nz-n ]d-dp]mI-n FSpp e-p-cp-hns hen--n Kpfn-I-bp-cpn \ng-en sh-Wn D]-tbm-Kn--Ww. CXv a\p-jy-cpsS k-hn-[-n-ep hnj-ho--t-bpw, Kp, XvKwtZm-jw, Ai-v, `K--cw, ol-tcm-Kw, tim^w, A]-kvam-cw, {Inan-tcm-Kw, `qX-_m-[-I, kzc-t`Zw sNmdn-n, ]mWvUp-tcm-Kw, An-am-yw, Imkw, DmZw Ch-tbbpw \in-n-p--Xm-Wv.

]oX-h-Z-jvS-hn-ttjz XZzn-tjN hmNy-ap-njvSw
kmam-\yXx ]rY-zm-nt-i-aXx irWp-b-Ym-h.
27

IpSn--hn-jw, ISn--hn-jw, tX apX-em-bhIpn-bm-ep hnjwapX-em-b-h-I-fn thp kmam\y NnIn]dp C\n {]tXyIw{]tXy-I-ap NnIn\nt-in-p-Xcmw hgn-{]-Imcw tIp-[-cn-p-sIm-p-I.

cn]p-bp-t-t`ym-\r`yx tkz`yx kv{Xot`ym AY-hm-`-bw-\r-]tXx
Blm-c-hn-lm-c-KXw Xkvam t{]jym ]co-t-X.
28

cmPm-hn\v i{Xp-`m-h-ap--h-cn\npw hy`n-Nm-c-tZm-j-h-Xn-I-fmb kzw kv{XoI-fn\npw A-]m-\m-Zn-I hgnbmbpw hkv{Xw, i, Bk\w apX-em-b-h-I hgn-bmbpw hnj-`bw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. AXp-sImv cmPm-hns\ ip{iq-jn-p-hm\pw ad-dp-ambn \ntbm-Pn--s-Sp `rXy-msc sshZy ]co-n-t--Xm-Wv.

AXy-i-nXx kymZv_-lp-hm-K-Y-hm]-hmKv hnK-X-evaox
{]m]vXx {]Ir-Xn-hn-Imcw hnj-{]-ZmXm \tcm-tbx
ZrjvssSz-hw-\Xp klkm t`mPyw-\y-tk XZ-{K-a-uXp
khnjw ln {]m]ymw _lq hnImcw `P-Xynx
inJn-_l hnNn-{Xmn-kvXovWx kcq IpW-]-K-n
kv^pSXn k i_vZ-ta-Im-htm hnl-Xmn-c-]n-N-kym
]m{X- hnhw t`mPyw-kyma-n-Im--am-c-bXn
ma-kz-c--ImIw Ipcym-Zn-hn-c-tP--tIm-cmn
29

hnjw sImSp--h Gd-dhpw i-bp--h-\mbpw IqSp-X kwkm-cn-p--h-\mbpw AYhm Aev]w-am{Xw kwkm-cn-p--h-\mbpw km[m-cW {]Ir-Xn-bn\nv amddw D-h-\mbpw ImWm-hp--Xm-sW--dn-b-Ww. C{]-Imcw ]co-n--dn-n-p-X-s-bm-bmepw Blm-c-km-[\w cmPm-hn\v s]sv sImSp--cp-Xv. AXn\nv Aev]w FSpp Xobn-enp ]co-n-NXvNp t\m-Ww. A{]-Imcw sNbvXm hnj-ap A-am-sW-n Anv ]e-am-Xncn hnIm-c-fpw Dm-Ip--Xm-Wv. hnj-ap AwC-Xmb An-bpsSPzme abno-en-v t]mse ]e-am-Xncn h--tfm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw XovW-ambpw cq-ambpw ih-ns K-tmSp IqSn-bp-an-cn-pw. i_vZ-tm-Sp-IqSn s]mn-s-dn-p--XmWv Hcp{]mhiyw Bfn--p-Ibpw s]s--p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNp--Xm-Ip-p. hnj-ap Aw ]m{X-nhnf-n-bm \nd-t`-Z-ap-m-Ipw. AXn Cu-h-n-cp-m AXv Np-t]m-Iw. Im-hn-j-ap AsIm t\cnbkzc-n i_vZ-ap-m-pw. sNtmv hnj-ap As Im AXnsc Ins Nphv \ndw Cm-Xm-Ipw.

]mt\-\o-e-cmPo sshhy kzm-t\--tX-Ombmw
hnIr-Xm-a-Yhm ]iy-Xn-e-h-Wm-t-t^-\-am-e-kym.
30

IpSn-p sh-n hnjw Iem AXn \oe-\n-d-n-ep tcJ-I ImWp-Ibpw \nd-t`-Z-apmhpIbpw kzw\ng AXn ImWm-Xn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. AYhm \ng ImWp-I-bm-sW-n hnIr-X-am-bn-cn-p-Ibpw sNpw. hnjw Ie-Xmb sh-n Dv Ie-n-bm IqSp-X \pc-bp-m-Ip--Xp-am-Ip-p.

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