Nidanasthanam Chapter 2

Aymbw  2

c]n \nZm\w

tmI x

AYmtXm c]n\nZm\w hymJymkymax CXnlkvaml `Khm\mt{Xbx	1

C\n c]n \nZm\w F Aymbs Bt{Xb `Khm D]tZinXp{]Imcw Anthi aljn hnhcnpp.

Pzcw km]mmhmbXpsImpXs AXv ]n{][m\amb tcmKhpamWv. BIbm Pzcs XpSv AXpt]mse ]n{][m\amb c]ntcmKns \nZm\w Bcw`npp.

]nw bYm`qXw temlnX]nanXn kwm e`tX. XYm\p hyJymkymax	2

]ns GXv cq]n c]nw Fv ]dbpp AXv hnhcnpXcmw.

bZm PpbhtImmf tImcZqjI {]mbmWym\n`pMv t `rtimjvWXovWa]nNmPmXw \njv]mhamj Ipe kq]mtcm]lnXw, Z[n Z[naWvtUmZiznXv ISzcmavfImntIm]tkIw hm. hmcml amlnjmhnI amkyKhy]ninX ]nymI ]nWvUmep ipjvI imtIm]lnXw, aqeIkj]eipIcRvPin{Kp a[pin{Kp JUbqj `qkvXrW kpapJkpck IptTcI KWvUoc ImeameI ]mkhI OWntIm]Zwiw, kpcmkuhocI XptjmZIssatcbI taZI a[qeI ipIphe _Zcmavf{]mbm]m\w, ]njvSmtmc`qbnjvTapjvWm`nX]vtXm hmXnam{XaXnthew hm ]bkm hm kaiv\mXntcmlnWoIw ImWIt]mXw hm kj]ssXe mcknw Ipeamj ]nymI Pmw_h \nIpN ]ssIzx inssI cmaoc aXnam{XaYhm ]n_XypjvWm`nX]vXx, XsskyhamNcXx ]nw {]tIm]am]ZytX temlnXamip {]amWaXnhtX	3

c]n \nZm\wFtm PohnI bhw, ImhcIv, hcIv ChsImpmp Blmcw A[nIambp]tbmKnpIbpw AXyw DjvWhpw XovWhpamb Blmcw IgnpIbpw Ahc, Dgpv, apXnc, ]cnv, Ch tN Blmcw IgnpIbpw ssXcv, ssXcns shw, DZiznXv (APew X{Iw) ISzcw (\new X{Iw), ]pfnImSn Ch Hgn tNmtdm ]n, t]mv, BSv, ayw, ]ip ChbpsS amwkntem ]nmv, tNv, DWnb Cedn Chbntem tNp]tbmKnpIbpw apn, ISpIv, shfppn, Dv, apcn, ]p\apcn, JUw(apnSn), bqjw, `qkvXrWw, kpapJkpckIptTcIKocImeameI]mkhI^WnIw Fo XpfknI ChsImpmnb NnWn apXemb IdnI D]tbmKnpIbpw kpcmaZyw, thpImSn, AcnmSn, ssatcbaZyw, taZIaZy, a[qIaZyw, kr, henbepcp, epcp Fo A{Zhy tN A]m\ ioenpIbpw Acnamhv, ssaZ apXembsImpmnb ]elmcw \hw `nXn\p aosX \ NqSptXm AXnbmtbm IqsSqsStbm ]m IpSnpIbpw tcmlnWoimItam {]mhns amwktam ISpsIbpw mc{Zhyhpw tNp ]mIw sNbvXp Xnmepw apXnc, Dgpv, ]nmv, Rmhgw, Abn\n Ch sImpmnb krtbmSpIqSn Imm ]m AXnbmbn IpSnpItbm AYhm Imnb]m IqSpXembn NqtSmSpIqSn IpSnpIbpw sNppthm Atm Ahv Cu hn[nep BNmc sImv ]n{]tIm]w DmIpp. cw kzw Afhn\nv DSs\ hnpIbpw sNpp (AXmbXv DjvWm`nXm]wsImv ]n{]tIm]hpw ]njvSmmZn t`mP\]m\tfsmv cnv hh\hpw DmIpp Fw.)

Xkvan {]amWmXnhrt ]nw {]Ip]nXw icoca\pkr]y bssZh bIr]vfol {]hmWmwtemlnXhlm\mt{kmXkmw temlnXm`njyKpcqWn apJmmkmZy {]Xn]ZytX, XssZh temlnXw {]ZqjbXn, XtmlnX kwkm temlnX {]ZqjWmtmlnXh Km\phn[m\m ]nw temlnX]namNtX.	4

c]nns k{m]vXn]njvSmmZnIfm cw hnncntm DjvWm`nXm]wsImv {]Ip]nXamb ]nw icocn hym]np Ftm cntbpw ]nntbpw m\amb bIr olIfn \nphnp chmlnt{kmtXmapJen Fntp hn cns KpcpXzw tlXphmbn AhnsS XSapmppthm Atm Xs cw Zpjnpp. AXv (B ]nw) chpambn IecpIsImpw cs ZpjnnpXpsImpw hKsImv ctmSv kmZriyapXpsImpw B ]ns c]nw Fv ]dbpp.

Xtkyam\n ]qcq]mWn `hnx XZyYmA\m`nemtjm `pky hnZmlx ipmavfKckDZvKmcivOtc`ovWmKa\w OnXky_o`kXm kzct`tZm Km{XmWmwkZ\w ]cnZmtlm apJmZv[qamKa Ch teml temlnX akymaKnXzanhNmkyky,clcnXlmcn{ZXzawKmhbh iIraq{X tkzZemem knwLmWIky Iae]nUnIm]nUIm\mw, AwKthZ\m, temlnX \oe]oXiymhm \maNnNnjvaXmw ZpjvSm\m cq]mWmw kz]vt\ k i\a`oWanXn temlnX]n ]qcq]mWn`hn.	5

c]nn\v Cu hn[nep ]qcq] DmIpp. AXv F{]ImcsamBlmcn B{KlanmXncnpI, `nXn\v DpgppmhpI, krbptSbpw ]pfnbpsSbpw Khpw ckhpap GapmhpI, IqsSqsS OnhcnI \nanw tcmKn`bsSpI, HbSpI, icocn\v oWw, icocn Npp\od, hmbn \nv ]pIhcpXpt]mse tXmpI, Ccpv, cw, ayw, Baw CXpIfpsS Kwt]msebp Kw hmbvpmbncnpI,. icocmhbh, aew, aq{Xw, hnbv, hmbnse \ocv, aqv\ocv, hmbnse Agpv, Iaew, t\{Xaew, ]nUII Fnhbvv Nphv, ] a Cu \ndapmbnmWpI, icoc thZ\bpmhpI, Nphv, \oe, a, Idpv Fo \ndfpw XoPzmebpw ZrjvScq]fpw kz]v\n \nccw ImWpI CsXmw hcm\ncnp c]nns ]qcq]ambnpmIpp.

D]{ZhmkvXp Jep \nbXmx Zu_eymtcmNImhn]mI izmkImk PzcmXnkmc timj timY ]mWvUptcmKm kzct`Z.	6

c]nn Xobmbpw kw`hnp D]{ZhZp_eX, AtcmNIw, Anamyw, izmktcmKw, Imkw, Pzcw, AXnkmcw, tim^w, timjw, ]mWvUptcmKw, HbSv FnhbmIpp. (CXv kp{ipXn ]dbSpXn{]ImcamWv. “Zu_eyizmkImkPzchaYpaZmx ]mWvUpXZmlaqm. `pttLmtcm hnZmlkz[rXnc]n kZm lrZyXpeymN ]oUm. XrjvWmtImjvTkyt`Zx incknN X]\w ]qXn\njvToh\Xzw. `KtZzjmhn]mtIuhnIrXnIc]n `thZv c]ntm]kx” CXn. (kpDA45)s#m

amu ]p\cky ZzuDuzwNm[. XZv_lpivtfjvaWn icotc ivtfjva kwkm Zqzw{]Xn]Zyam\w I\mkmt\{Xmtky`yx {]NyhtX,_lphmtX Xp icotchmXkwkmZ[x {]Xn]Zyam\w aq{Xhtm amm`ymw {]NyhtX. _lpivtfjvahmtX Xp icotc ivtfjvahmX kwkm Zzmh]namu {]Xn]ZytX, Zzu amu{]Xn]Zyam\wkt`y Gh btYmt`yx tJ`yx {]NyhtXicocky.	7

c]nns amw apIfntebvpw Xmgtbvpambn cphn[nemIpp. AXv (c]nw AYhm cw) I^{][m\amb icocn I^ns kwkwsImv apIfntebvv t]mbn ImXv, aqv, Iv, hmbv ChbnqSn {khnpt]mIpp. hmX{][m\ icocn hmXns kwkwsImv Xmgtbvpt]mbn aq{XamnqSnbpw aeamnqSnbpw {khnpt]mIpp. I^n\pw hmXn\pw B[nIyap icocn I^nsbpw hmXnsbpw kwkwsImv cpamnqSnbpw cw {khnpt]mIpp. Duzmt[mKambn {khnpt]mIpsap ]d icocns Fm t{kmXpIfnqSnbpw (tcmaIq]fnqSnbpw) cw {khnpt]mIpw.

X{Xb Zqz`mKw Xkm[yw, hntcNt\m]{IaWobXzm _lzuj[Xzm. bZt[mamw XZv bm]ywhat\m]{IaWobXzmZ]uj[Xzm. bZp`bamwXZkm[yw, ha\hntc]\mtbmKnXzmZ \uj[SXzmtXn.	8

AXpIfnhv GsXmcp c]nw DzKamtWm AXv km[yamIpp. ImcWw AXv hntcN\amIp NnInkbpXpw ia\{]tbmKn\v [mcmfw Huj[apXpamWv. GsXmcp c]nw At[mKamtWm AXv bm]yamIpp. ImcWw AXv ha\amIp NnInbpXpw ia\ NnInv Huj[w IpdXpamIpp. GsXmcp c]nw D`bmb\amtWm AXv Akm[yamIpp. ImcWw {]Xntemaamb ha\hntcN\{Inb sNm \nhrnbnmXpsImpw ia\ NnInkv Huj[anmXpamIpp.

c]nw DuzKw, At[mKw, D`bmb\w Cs\ aqphn[nemWtm ]dncnpXv. ChbpsS km[ymkm[yXsbbmWv ChnsS hnhcnncnpXv. c]nn {][m\ambn tIm]np tZmjw ]namWv. DuzKambXn DzmwKm\tZmjamb I^w A\p_nbmbnpmIpw. AXpsImv DuzKc]n NnInk I^n\pw ]nn\pw ia\apXmbncnWw., tim[\w ia\w F cpXcw NnInkbpXn DuzKc]nn sNt tim[\w {]Xntema\nba{]Imcw hntcN\amWv. AXv ]nns ]cauj[hpamIpp. hntcN\ns kaytKymKw I^mamIbm A\p_nbmb I^n\pw ipnbpmIpp. ]ns ia\amWv. IjmbXn a[pc{Zhysfmw ]nns ia\uj[fmWv. AXn a[pcw I^h\amsWnepw hntcN\wsImv iphpw oWhpamb I^n\v Ijmbamn {]tbmKnm lnXambncnpw. tijn IjmbXn ]nns\t]mse I^n\pw lnXambncnpw. C{]Imcw j{Ukfn ]IpXnbpw ia\ambncnbm DuzKc]nwkm[yamIpp.

At[mKc]nn A\p_nbmbn \npXv hmXamWv AXn\v {]Xntema tim[\w O\hpamWv. O\w {][m\tZmjamb ]nn\pw A\p_amb hmXn\pw ia\ambncnpIbn. ia\uj[fpsS ImcyamsWn ]nia\fmb IjmbXn a[pcfn IjmbXn hmXh\fmWv. ]ns a[pcw am{Xta ]nia\ambpp. AXpXs Ijmbamn D]tbmKnm hmXn\v A{X lnXambncnpIbpan. C{]Imcw O\w hmn\pw ]nn\pw A\pIqeambvIbmepw ia\n\v a[pcuj[w Hpam{Xta Dp FXn\mepw At[mKamb c]nw bm]yamIpp. NnInnpsImncpm IqSpX D]{Zhw IqSmsX \onsImpt]mImhpXnv bm]yw Fv ]dbpp.

taevt]mpw Iogvt]mpambn cw t]mbvsmncnp D`bmb\ c]nn ha\w DzKtbpw hntcN\w At[mKtbpw hnnpXn\m {]Xntemaambnv tim[\sampw {]tbmKnphm \nhrnbn. ]ns ia\amsWntem ]nia\ambpXv Fns\bmbmepw c]nn sNWw. ChnsS I^hmX A\phfmbncnbm ]nia\amb Huj[sImv Ahbvpw ia\apmWw. IjmbXn a[pc{ZhyfmWv ]nia\ AXn IjmbXn hmXtbpw a[pcw I^tbpw hnnphbmWv. ]ns ISzehWfmIs tcmKns ImcWfpamWv. Atm ia\uj[sfmpw Xs Csphcpp. Cs\ tim[\ambpw ia\ambpw NnInkIsfmpw sNm km[nmXn\m D`bmb\amb c]nw Akm[yamIpp.

c]n{]tIm]kvXp Jep ]pcm Zb[zw tkcp{ZtIm]maj {]`hmn\m {]mWn\mw ]cnKXicoc {]mWm\ma`qzca\p.	9

]v Z{]Pm]XnbpsS b[zwk\n inhs tIm]maj{]`hamIp Anbm k]vXamb icochpw Poh\pw D PnhnIv PzcapmhpIbpw Pzcm\cw c]ntIm]apmhpIbpw sNbvXp.

XkymipImcntWm Zmhmtcnhm]XnXkym XybnIkytip {]imssy {]bXnXhpw. am{XmtZiwImewNm`nkaoy ktWXtW\ hm arZpa[pc ininc XnIjmssbc`yhlmsscyx {]tZl ]cntjImhKml kwkv]iss\ ha\mssZyhm X{XmhlntXt\Xn.	10

AXnio{Lw {]mWlm\n hcppXmb c]nn\v \mis Dmp ImpXo ]nSns]mset]mse F{Xbpw thKn iannphm\mbn {]bXv\nWw. AXn\v am{X, tZiw, Imew Ch thXpt]mse Nnnnv kWwsImtm A]XWw sImtm arZpa[pcioXfXnIjmb {`hy Igntm ]qv, [mc, apnbncp, XtemS FnhsImtm ha\mZn tim[\{InbsImtm _pnam\mb sshZy c]ntcmKnsb cnphm {]bXv\nWw.

ChnsS cm{X, tZiw, Imew Ch t\mpsat ]dnpq Fnepw CXn apv ]d c{]h\amw, tZmjns A\p_w, \nZm\w apXembhIqSn NnntXmWv. icocn\v cqXbpw _ebhpw Dh\v At[mKc]nn cqmZnIjmbn aesmSn tNpsImSppXmb kWhpw icocn\v kv\nKvXbpw _ehpw Dh\v DuzKc]nn D]hmkamIp A]XWhpw {]tbmKnWw.

`hnNm{X

km[yw temlnX ]nwXZyZq[zw {]Xn]ZytX hntcN\kytbmKnXzmZv _lpXzmZv t`jPky N	11

hntcN\w ln ]nky Pbmt ]cauj[w b X{Xm\pKx ivtfjvam Xky ]m\[awkvarXw	12

hntcN\tbmKyambXpsImpw NnInknphm [mcmfw Huj[fpXpsImpw DzKc]nw km[yamIpp. hntcN\amIs ]nia\n\v Gddhpw t{ijTamb Huj[amIpp. DuzKc]nn bmsXmcp I^ns A\p_aptm AXn\v hntcN\w A[a NnInb. AXmbXv Daa. a[yaamsWw.

`thZv tbmKm]lw X{XIjmbw XntahN Xkvam km[yXaw cw b Zq[zw {]Xn]ZytX.	13

Du[zKc]nn hntcN\w tbmKm]lhpw IjmbXn ck I^ia\hpw (a[pcw ]nia\hpw) BIpp. AXpsImv Du[zKc]nw Gddhpw km[yambnpXpamIpp.

cp bZt[m`mKw XZym]yanXn\nbx ha\kym]tbmKnXzm Z]XzmZv t`jPky N.	14
ha\w ln\ ]nky Pbmt ]cauj[w b X{Xm\ptKm hmbpkvXmu NmhckvarXw.	15
kymtbmKmhlw X{X a[pcssht`jPw Xkvam bm]yw kamJymXw b{Z a\ptemaKw	16

At[mKc]nw \nbambpw bm]yamWv. ImcWw AXns tim[\ NnInkbmb ha\w Aev]tbmKmhlhpw (Aevt]m]tbmKnbpw) ia\NnInkv Huj[ns Ipdhpw BIpp. ha\amIs ]nns ia\n\v \ Huj[a. At[mK c]nn A\p_ambncnp hmbphns ia\n\pw ha\w t{ijvTambnpX. CXn ia\uj[ambn D]tbmKnphm a[pcuj[w Hv am{Xtabpp. AXpsImv At[mK c]nw bm]yamsWv ]dbpp.

c]np bamu Zzmh]n {]Xn]ZytX Akm[yanXn XtRbw ]qtmmtZh ImcWm.	17
\ln kwtim[\w InnZkymkvXn {]XnamKw {]Xnamw N lcWw c]nt hn[obtX.	18
Gh tathm]ia\w ktim \mky hnZytX kwkrjvtSjp ln tZmtjjp kPna\waXw	19
CXypw {Xnhnt[mZwcw am hntijXx	20

GsXmcp c]namIs cpamnqSnbpw cw t]mIpXmtWm AXv apv ]d ImcWm AXmbXv ha\hntcN\w A\p]tbmKambXpsImpw NnInknm Huj[anmXpsImpw Akm[yamsWdnbWw. D`bmb\ c]nn hn]coXamnqSnbp tim[\NnInk HpwXsbn. c]nn tZmjlcWw hn]coXamnqSnbp tim[\NnInk HpwXsbn. c]nn tZmjlcWw hn]coXamnqSnbp tim[\NXnInk HpwXsbn. c]nn tZmjlcWw hn]coXamnqSn sNphm\mWv hn[nncnpXv. (AXv ChnsS km[yamsX hcpp Fw.) AXpt]mseXs D`bmb\ c]nn\v ia\uj[sfmpwXs C. (AXmbXv I^m\p_amb Du[zKn a[pcw tbmPnpX. hmXm\p_amb At[mKn IjmbXn tbmPnpX. Atm D`bmb\n a[pc IjmbXn ck tbmPnpX. ]ns ISzehW ]nc hntcm[nbmbXpsImv Xotc tbmPnpX) Fm {XntZmjfpw an{ioXambn tIm]nncnpXn {XntZmjia\ambncnp Huj[w sImSpWw. C{]Imcw c{]h\ns amhyXymkwsImpmIp km[yw, bm]y, Akm[yw Fo aqphn[ c]ns hnhcnp.

G`ykvXp Jep tlXp`yx Innkm[yw \ kn[yXn t{]tjym]IcWm`mhmZv ZucmymZv sshZytZmjXx AIX km[yXzw Int{ZmtKm ƒXn htX X{Xkm[yXztaIw kym km[ybm]y]cn{Iam. c]nky hnm\anZw Xtkym]tZytX	21

Xmsg ]dbp ImcWfm Nne km[ytcmK Akm[yambnocpXmWv. ]cnNmcI\pw Huj[mZn D]IcWfpw CmXpsImpw tcmKn Zpcmmhmbmepw sshZys tZmjwsImpw Xotc NnInknmXncpmepw Hcp tcmKw km[yambXpXsbmbmepw Akm[yntev ISpXmWv. c]nn D[zKambn t]mIpXv At[mKambn t]mbn bm]yambnomepw At[mKambnt]mIpXv Du[zKambnt]mbn km[yambnomepw Akm[yXzw HpXsbmIpp. B Akm[y c]nns eWw C\nbtmv D]tZinpXcmw.

b IrjvWaYhm \oew bZzmi{I[\px {]`w c]nakm[yw kymZv hmktkmcRvP\w ]b	22

`riw]qXyXnam{Xw N ktm]{Zhhb _eamwktbm b X caknna	23

tb\tNm]ltXm cw c]nt\ am\hx ]tiyriw hnbm]n Xmkm[yw \ kwibx	24

X{Xmkmyw ]cnXyPybm]yw bXvt\bm]tb km[ymhlnXx knss t`jssPx km[tbZv`njIv	25

Idp \ndntem AYhm aghnpt]mse ]ehnemtbm cw t]mIp c]nw Akm[yamIpp. cw hkv{Xnembm IgpInfm t]mIpnsn AXpw Akm[yamIpp. cn\v AXnbmb ZpapmhpIbpw AXnbmbn cw t]mIpIbpw Zu_eymZn Fmhn[ D]{Zhfpw DmbncnpIbpw _ehpw amwkhpw bnncnpIbpw sNbvXm Ans\bp c]nhpw Akm[yambncnpw. GsXmcp c]ntcmKn BImihpw addv ]Zmfpsamw c\ndn ImWppthm AXpw Akm[ywXsbmbncnpw kwiban. sshZy Akm[yc]ns NnInknmsX Dt]nWw. bm ]yc]ns {]bXv\wsImv (Huj[mlmchnlmcmZnIfm) kam[m\nnWw. km[yc]ns ^eknnbp Huj[sImv NnInknp iannWw.

X{XivtfmIu

ImcWw \ma\nhrn ]qcq]mWyp]{Zhm amu tZmjm\p_w N km[yXzw \N tlXpaZv	26

\nZmt\ c]nky hymPlmc ]p\hkpx hoXtamlctPmtZmj tem`am\aZkv]rlx	27

c]nns ImcWw, c]nw F t]cv Fns\bpmbn? ]qcq]w, D]{Zhw, cv amw, tZmjm\p_w, ImcW\ntitmSpIqSn km[ymkm[yXzw Ch Cu c]n\nZm\n tamlw, ctPmtZmjw, tem`w, Almcw, aZw, Cujym Chsbmpanm `Khm ]p\hkp hnhcnsncnpp.

CXynthi IrtX Xt{ NcI{]XnkwkvIrtX \nZm\mt\ c]n\nZm\w \ma ZznXotbmƒymbx.

tmI x

1 10

11 20

21 27