chaper2

Aymbw 2

AXpeytKm{Xobw imcocw

tmI :

1-15

16-30

31-45

AYtXmƒXpeytKm{Xobw imcocw hymJymkymax
CXn kvaml `Khm\mt{Xbx
1

C\n AXneytKm{Xobw imcocw F Aymbs Bt{Xb `Khm D]tZinXp{]Imcw Anthi aljn hnhcnpp.

AXpeytKm{Xky cPxbmt
cmtlmhnkrjvSw anYp\oIrXky
InwkymXpjv]m {]`h jUvt`ym
b kv{Xojp K`Xzapss]Xn]pwkx
2

tNmZywEXpcw t]mIpXv \neXn\ptijw kv{XobpsS `ntKm{Xnep ]pcpj\pambn clkythgvN \Sptm ]pcpj ]pdtv hnSp hkvXp FmIpp? AXns \mev ]Zhpw Bdn \np Dhhpw Fns\bmIpp? GsXmmWv kv{Xobn K`cq]ambnocpXv.

Cu tNmZyn\v {][m\ambpw Nne Imcy a\nemtXpv. XpeytKm{Xnep kv{Xosb hnhmlw sNcpXv. Ans\ sNbvXm AXnepmIp km\v ]ehn[ tcmKfpmIpw. a\pkvarXnbn ]dbpp. Ak]nWvUmNbm azXpck tKm{XmNbm]nXpx km {]ikvXmZznPmXo\mw ZmcInWn ssaYpt\. CXn EXpcw t]mbnsmncnptm ssaYp\w sNcpXv. Ans\ sNbvXm ssaYp\n Kt`mev]mZ\w DmIpX, AYhm DmIpIbmsWn K`w AekntmIpItbm {]khnm Ipnv Bbpv IpFdbpItbm sNpw. CXns\ kw_nv kp{ipXw imcocn hfsc hniZambn ]dnpv. ssaYp\w clkyambn sNWw Ans\ sNbvXnsn e\nanw ssaYp\Iw bYmhn[n ]qnbmIpX. A]qssaYp\w \nanw kv{Xopw ]pcpj\pw imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb \m\mhn[ tcmKsf Dmpw.

ip{Iw XZky {]hZn [ocm
bobtX K`kap`hmb
hmbzn`qayw_v KpW]mZh X
jUvt`ymctk`yx {]`hky
3

Dcw  Kt`mev]mZ\n\mbn taOp\n ]pcpj kv{Xotbm\nbn hnSpXv ipw (Semen)Fv hnZzmm ]dbpp. B ipw hmbp, An, `qan, Pew Fo {]ikvX KpWbpamb \mev ]mZtfmSp IqSnbXp jUvckn\npmbXpw BIpp.

ipw ]`uXnIamIpp. Fm BImis ChnsS ]dbmXncnphm ImcWw AXns \njv{InbXzw sImmsWv a\nemWw. ]pcpj `nsSp j{UkfSnb Blmcns ]cnWmaamWv ipw. D]\njn ]dbpp XkvamXzm GXkvamZm\ BImix kw`qXx BImimZv hmbpx hmtbmcnx, Atcm]x BZv`yx ]rYhn. ]rYnhym Hmj[bx. Hmj[nt`ymƒw. Amt{ZXx. tcXkx ]pcpjx. khmGj ]cptjmƒ ckabx CXn.

kw]qssZlx katb kpJ
K`x IYw tI\ N PmbtX kv{Xo
K`w NncmZv _nXn k{]Pm]Xn
`qXzmYhm \iyXn tI\ K`x
4

Anthis tNmZyw]qtZltmSp IqSnb K`w bYmkabnepw bYmkpJhpw Fns\ {]khnpp. hybm kv{Xo FpsImv Xmaknp K`w [cnpp. AYhm [cn K`w FpsImv \jnp t]mIpp.

ip{ImkKmmib Imekw]
Zymkymc]Nmcm lossXkvXYmssx
K`Imte N kpJo kpJ
kwPmbtX kw]cn]qtZkx
5

Bt{Xb `Khms Dcwipw Bhcw, Bmhv, K`mibw, K`w [cn kabw Fo Kt`mev]mZI`mh ]qbpambmepw K`nWnbpsS lnXn\pkcn Blmchnlmc ioenmepw K`w DNnXamb Imepw tcmKsfmpanmsXbpw ]qicoctmSp IqSnbpw kpJambpw {]khnpXmIpp. (ipmhmZnI Cu ]dXn\p hn]coXambm AwK ]qnbmImsXbpw tcmKnbmbpw AImenepw hfsc tinNpNw {]khnpXmbncnpw Fw)

tbm\n{]tZmjma\tkmƒ`nXm]m
p{ImkrKmlmc hnlmc tZmjm
AImetbmKmZv _ekwbm
K`w NncmZv _nXn k{]Pm]n
6

tbm\ntZmjw sImpw a\kvXm]w sImpw ipmhfpsS tZmjw sImpw BlmchnlmcfpsS tZmjwsImpw DNnXkabm ssaY\w tlXphmbpw hym[ymZnIfmepmIp _ebw sImpw kv{Xo hybmXncpmt]mepw K`w [cnphm ImeXmakw DmIpp.

Akrncpw ]ht\\\tcym
K`w hyhkyy_p[mx IZmNn
K`ky cq]wln ItcmXn Xkym
kvXZmkrK{kmhn hnham\w
XZn kqcy {iatcmjtimssIx
DjvWm]mss\tYhm {]hrw
ZrjvSzmkrtKIw \ N K`amx
tINncm `qXlrXw hZn
7

8

kv{XobpsS Bhcw hmbphn\m XSbsSptm Adnhnm Nne AXv K`amsWv Xocpam\npp. ImcWw AhfpsS B {khnp t]mIm cw hnp K`ns eWs DmpXmIpp. Ftm B cw Ankm]w, kqcyXm]w, ITn\mzm\w, t{Im[w, ZpxJw Fnh\nanamtbm AYhm DjvWap A]m\w \nanamtbm {]hnppthm Atm K`ImcWs am{Xw Inv Nne Adnhnmh K`s `qXw A]lcnpsImpt]mbn Fv ]dbpp.

HmtPmƒi\m\mw cP\oNcmWm
amlmctltXm\ icocanjvSw
K`w ltcbpbZn tX\ amXp
e_v[mhImim \ ltcbptcmPx
9

HmPns\ BinpXmb cm{Xncmv Blmcn\mbn icocw CjSa. HmPns\ Ainp Ah K`s sImpt]mbXmsWn amXmhns HmPns\ Ainphm\p Ahkcw Innbnv B HmPns\ AinmsX CjvSam K`s Fn\p sImpt]mIWw. AXmbXv CsXmcp tcmKamsWpw K`s `qXw sImpt]mbXspw Adnhnmh Ans\ ]dbpXmsWpw Aw.

I\ymw kXw hm klnXu ]rYKvhm
kpXu kptXhm X\bm _lqhm
Ikvam {]kqtX kpNntcW K`
tatImƒ`nhrnbtaƒ`ypss]Xp.
10

tNmZyw  FpsImv kv{Xo {]P DmIpp? FpsImv ]pcpj{]P DmIpp? FpsImv kv{Xobpw ]pcpj\pw tPmUnbmbpmIpp? FpsImv cv ]pcpj{]Pbpw cv kv{Xo{]Pbpw tPmUnbmbnpmIpp? AYhm IqSpX km\ Htc Ahkcn DmIpsXns\? FpsImv Nnetm hfsc Xmaknp {]khw DmIpp. cv km\ HcpanpmbXn Hv hepXpw Hv sNdpXpw BbocpsXpsImv?

ct\ I\yma[ntI\ ]p{Xw
ipt{IW tX\ Zznhn[nIrtX\
_otP\ I\ym kpX kptX
bYmkz_oPm\yXcm[ntI\
11

Dcw  Bh cns B[nIyw sImv kv{Xo km\hpw ipns B[IywsImv ]pcpj km\hpw DmIpp. iptimWnX kwtbmKm\cw B _oPs hmbp cmbn t`ZnsSpXmbm cv km\fpmIpIbpw AXn Hn ipm[nIyhpw Hn cm[nIyhpamsWn Hcp ]pcpj km\hpw Hcp kv{Xo km\hpambnpmIpp. (CXpt]mse XsbmWv k{ipXnepw ]dnpXv).

ip{Im[nIw ssZzIap]Xn _oPw
bkymx kpXu kmklnXu {]kqtX
cm[nIw hm bZn t`ZmaXn
Zzn[m kptX km klntX {]kqtX
12

kv{XobpsS iptiWnXcq]amb _oPn ipnm[nIyapmIpIbpw hmbphn\m cmbn t`ZnsSpIbpw cnepw ipm[nIyapmIpIbpw hmbphn\m cmbn t`ZnsSpIbpw cnepw ipm[nIyapmIpIbpw sNbvXm cpw ]pcpjkm\ambpw AXpt]mse Xs _oPn cm[nIyapmbncnpIbpw cmbn t`ZnsSpIbpw cnepw cm[nIyapmbncnpIbpw sNbvXm cpw kv{Xo km\ambpw {]khnpp.

`nXn bmh _lp[m {]]x
ip{Imhw hypcXn {]hrx
Xmhy]aym\n bYmhn`mKw
ImIm\y kz him {]kqtX
13

hn hmbp ipmhs (_oPs) {]m]np F{X `mKamppthm A{Xbpw km\s Xs^ ]qPmnXamb I^en\pkcnv {]khnpp. C{]Imcw `mKnsSptm ipm[nIyapsXmw ]pcpj km\fmbpw cm[nIyapsXm kv{Xo km\fmbpancnpw.

Blmcam]vt\mXn bZm \ K`x
timjw kam]vt\mXn ]cn{kpXnw hm
Xw {]kqtX kpNotcW K`w
]rjvSm bZmejKssWc]p kym
14

K`n\v Blmcw InmXncnpIbpw AYhm tbm\n{kmhapmIpIbpw sNbvXm B K`w timjnpt]mIpp. Ans\bpXmb K`s kv{Xo hfsc Xmaknp {]khnpp. B K`w ]pjvSnsSpIbmsWn hjtfmfw thnhcnIbpw sNpw.

ItmIXzmZv hnjamwi t`Zm
p{ImkrPw hrnapss]Xn Ipc
GtImƒ[ntIm \yp\Xtcm ZznXob
Ghwbtaƒ]y`y[nwIm hntijx
15

Iamam[o\XI1pw ipmhs (_oPs) hmbp cmbn hn`Pnptm Hv hepXpw Hv sNdpXpw BbntmIpXpsImpw K`mibn Hv hepXpw sNdpXpw Bbn hfcpp. C{]ImcamWv cp IpnIfn Hv hepXpw Hv sNdpXpw BbnocpXv.

tmI :

1-15

16-30

31-45