chaper3

Aymbw 3

JpWvUoIm K`m h{Imn imcocw

tmI :

1-17

18-34

ckPmbwK`x \ lnckmZrtXamXpx {]mWmbm{Xm
ƒ]n kym Inw ]p\ K`P a ssNhakay Kp
]bpPyam\mckm K`w\nhbn, \ N tIhew
kayKp]tbmKmtZh ckm\mw K`\nhrn `hXn
kapZmtbmƒ]y{X ImcW\pNytX. bm\n Xp eJzky
K`ky ckPm\n bm\oNmky ckXx kw`hXx kw`
hnXm\y\p hymJymkymax XZyYm icockym`n \n
hrnc`nhrnx {]mWm\p_ kvXr]vXnw ]p
jvSnXkmlmtXn ckPm\n.
18

Cu K`w ckPw IqSnbmIpp. ImcWw ckw IqSmsX amXmhn\v {]mWbm{Xt]mepw DmIpX. ]nssbns\bmWv K`w DmIpXv. bYmhn[n D]tbmKnm ckhpw K`s DmIpX. ckfpsS D]tbmKw bYmhn[nbmbms AXv am{Xambn K`s DmpX. Fmw IqSntm am{Xsa Kt`mev]mZ\n\v ImcWambnocpIbpp. Fm Cu K`n\v ckP\yambn FsmamWpmIpsXv hnhcnp Xcmw. AXv F{]Imcsamicocs DmIpI, hnnpI, _em\p_w, Xr]vXn, ]pjvSn, Dmlw Ch ckP\yamIpp.

AkvXn Jez]n kXzau]]mZpIw bohkv]rIv
icotcW A`nkw_mXn, bkvan]Ka\ ]pc
kvIrtX ioeaky hym]tX, `n hn]cyky
tX, kt{nbmWy]cpNyt, _ew lobtX hym
[b B]ymm, bkvamo\x {]mWm PlmXn,
bZn{nbmWna`n{KmlI a\ CXy`n[nbtX, X
{Xnhn[amJymbtX ipw cmPkw XmaktXn,
tb\mky Jep at\m `qbnjvTw tX\ ZznXobmbmam
PmXu kw{]tbmtKm `hXn. bZm Xp tXss\h ipZv
t[\ kwbpPytX XZm PmtXcXn{Immbm kva
cXo. kvamw ln m\amm\kvXsskyh a
\tkmƒ\p_mZ\phyX, bkym\phrnw ]p
ckvIrXy ]pcptjm PmXnkvac CXypNytX CXn
kXzapw.
19

a\v \nbambpw Pohs icocmcKa\n HcpanpXs DmIpXmWv. a\n Cu Pnepmbnp ioew ASp Pnepw XpScpXmbncnpw. tZlmcKa\n\v XmdmIptm apapphns ku`mhw CXn\v hn]coXambncnpw. Amhv a\v lo\ambm B{Klw hn]coXambncnpw. C{nb X]npw, _ew anpw, tcmK hnpw, {]mWs\Xsbpw XyPnpIbpw sNpw. C{nbfneqsS hnjbsf {KlnpXpsImv AXn\v a\v Fv ]dbpp. B a\v aqphn[nemIpp. 1. ipw (kmXzoIw) 2. cmPkw, 3. Xmakw, kXzcPkvXtamKpWfn GXv KpWnmtWm Cu Pn B[nIyw AXn\pkcpmbncnpw. a\ns ASp Pnse Ah. Ign Pn a\v kXzKpW {][m\amsWn Cu Pnepw kXzKpW{][m\ambncnpw. a\v kXzKpWbpamsWn Ign PnepsXmw HmbpmIpw. ctPmKpWhpw XamKpWamsWn Ign PntesXmpwXs kvacWbnevU DmIpX. Fm Ign Pnse Bm\tmSpIqSnb a\ns kvacWXs Cu Pnepw XpScpXmbncnpw. Cu ]qPkvacWbph Fv ]dbpp. kXzKpWw ]dbsSpXp{]ImcamIpp.

bm\n Jezmky K`ky kXzPm\n bm\n Nmky k
XzXx kw`hXx kw`hn Xm\y\phytJymkymax. X
Zv bYm`nx ioew iuNw tZzjx kvaXntaml
kvXymtKm amkcyw iucyw `bw t{Im[kvXt{m
kmlkvssXWyw amhw Kmw`ocya\hnX
Xz antXyhamSbmt\ytX kXzPm hnImcmbm\p
cImew kXzt`Z a[nIrtXym]tZyma CXn kXz
Pm\n. \m\mhn[m\n Xp Jep kXzm\n Xm\n kc
mtWyI ]pcptj `hn \ N `htyIImew
GIp {]mtbmƒ\phrXyml.
20

Cu K`n\v kXzPambn P\mXs FsmamWpmIpsXv hnhcpXcmw. AXv F{]Imcsam  `n (C) ioew (kz`mhw) ]hn{XX, tZmjw, kvarXn, XymKw, tamlw, amcyw, iucyw, `bw, t{Im[w, X{m (aSn), Dmlw, Xo{hkz`mhw, arZpkz`mhw, Kmw`ocyw, NeX Chbpw CXpt]msebp Bdv `mhfpw kXzP\yhnImcfmIpp. a\ns ap t`Zsf kw_nv ASp Aymbn hnhcnpXcmw. ChsbmamWv K`n\v kXzP\yambpmIpXv. a\v \m\mhn[nemIpp. Ahsbmw Hcp ]pcpj\n DmIpp. ]s Htc ImepmIpX. Hpam{Xw XpScpXmbncnpw.

kXzcPkvXtamKpW Hcp ]pcpj\nXsbpXmsWnepw Cu aqpKpWfpw Htc Ahkcn XpbpsImpt]mIm IgnbpX. Hcm kXzKpW{][m\\mbpw cPkvXtam KpW Ipdh\mbpw XpScpXmbnIm Ah kmXzoI Fv ]dbpp. CXpt]mseXs av cv KpWfpw Fm Cu aqv KpWpw {]m[m\yw \Insmp at\mhrn Htc Ahkcn Hcmv XpSpsImpt]mIm IgnbpX.

Ghabw \m\mhn[m\mtajmw K`ImcWw `mhm\mw k
apZmbmZ`n \ntX K`x bYm IqSmKmcw \m
\m{ZhykapZmbm, bYm hm ctYm \m\m cYmwK k
apZmbm. XkvamtZXZthmNmaamXrPmbw K
`x ]pXrPmP kmyP ckPm
kvXn N kXzau]]mZpI anXoXntlmhmN `Khm
\mt{Xbx.
21

C{]Imcw Cu K`w \m\mhn[nep Cu Kt`mev]mZI `mhsfmwIqSn tNpmIpXmIpp. F{]Imcw IqSmKmcw (sSv) DmtIp km[\sfmw Iqntm Hcp sSpmIppthm AXpt]msebpw Hcp cYapmtp km[\sfmw Iqntm Hcp cYapmIppthm AXpt]msebpw K`apmtIsXmw IqSntm K`w DmIpp. AXpsImv CXv Ddnp ]dbpp Cu K`w amXrPhpw ]nXrPhpw Fmw IqSnbpXmsWv Bt{Xb `Khm ]dp.

`cZzmP DhmN bZybw \m\mhn[m\mtajmw K`Imc
Wtah `mhm\mw kapZmbmZ`n \nt K`x
IYabw kobtX? bZn Nm]n kobtX, Ikv
am kaqZmb {]`hx k Kt`m a\pjy hn{Ktl
W PmbtX? a\pjy a\pjy{]`mh DNytX. X
{X tNZnjvStaXZv bkvam\patjym a\pjy{]`h
XkvamtZh a\pjyhn{KtlW PmbtX. bYm Ku
tKm {]`hx bYmNmtizmƒiz{]`h CtXyhw bZpIv
XXat{K kapZmbmI CXn XZbpw bZn N a
\vjyr]`hx IkvamSmIp_vPIp{_q aqIa
an\hma\ hywtKm IpjvTInemknt`ym PmXmx
]nXrkZricq]m \ `hn? AYm{Xm]n _pn
tchw kym tkz ss\hmbamm Npjm cq]m
Wnthn, t{imt{XW i_vZm, {LmtW\ Km
 ck ckm, kv]it\\ kv]im _pZv
[ym t_mhyanXym\\ tlXphm PUmZnt`ym PmXm
]nXrkZrim `hn A{Xm]n {]Xnmlm\ntZm
jx kym Ghaptlymm kkzn{ntbjp
x kym Akzx, b{X ssNXZp`bw kw
`hXn XzaXz k hnImc{]IrXnIm
m \nnImc. bZn N Zi\mZn`ncmm hn
jbm thn, \ncn{ntbm Zi\mZn hnclmZ
kym APRvXzmZn ImcW aImcWXzmm\mtXn
hmKzkvXpam{XmaX ZzhN\a\Iw kymPnXn
tlmhmN `cZzmPx
22

`cZzmP ]dp  K`w amXm]nXmZn \m\mhn[ Kt`mev]mZI `mh IqSntpmIpXmsWn CsXmw Fns\bmWv IqSntcpXv? IqSntpmIpXmsWnepw Fns\bmWv CsXmw IqSntp K`ambnocptm a\pjy icocambnocpXv. a\pjy a\pjy\n \npmIpXpsImv XsbmWv a\pjycq]ambnocpXv Fv ]dbpXv XmnjvSamsWn ]iphn \nv ]iphpmIpp. IpXncbn \nv IpXncbpmIpp Ans\ Fmw DmIpp Fv ]dtbnhcpw. Atm amXmhv, ]nXmhv apXemb Bdv Kt`mev]mZI `mh IqSntmWv K`w DmIpXv Fv apv ]dXv icnb. a\pjy a\pjy\n \nv P\npp FmsWn FpsImv PU\mbpw A\mbpw Iq\\mbpw aqI\mbpw Ghpw sNdnbh\mbpw hnph\mbpw hywKaph\mbpw DmZaph\mbpw IpjvTaph\mbpw izn{Xaph\mbpw P\npp? ]nXrkZricq]w FpsImpmIpn? (AXmbXv \hcmb amXm]nXmmv \ km\fpw DmbncnmWpp Fw.). Fm CXn\v Xm Cns\ Hcp kam[m\w ]dbpambncnpw. Bmhv Xs kzw IpsImv cq]sf ImWpp. ImXpsImv i_vZsf tIpp, aqv sImv Ksf Adnbpp, \mhv sImv kv]isf Adnbpp, _pnsImv hnjbsf Adnbpp Fv, Cu ImcWw sImv PUmmZnIfmbpmIp km\ ]nXrkZriambnocpn FmsWn ChnsS {]Xnmlm\n tZmjapmIpp. ImcWw apv ]dnpv. Bmhv {_amWv, \nnImc\mWv, ImcWamWv Fsms. (Atm Bmhv ImWpp tIpp Fsms ]dbptm apv ]dXn\v hn]coXambnocpp Fw). IqSmsX Bmhv C{nbtfmSv tNcptm m\nbpw C{nbtfmSv tNcmXncpm Am\nbpw BsWv hcpp. Atm Bmhv m\nbpw Am\nbpw cpw Bbnocpp. Bmhv hnImchm\msWv hm AXv {]Xnmlm\nbmIpp. Zi\mZnIfm Bmhv hnjbsf Adnbpp FmsWn \ncn{nb\mb Bmhv NpcmZn C{nbfnsn A\mIpp Fv hcpp. AXzn \nv ImcWw DmIpX. ImcWw Csn Bmhns\ Adntbp Bhiyhpan. AXpsImv Cu ]dsXmw \ncIfmb hmpIfmIpp Fv Ipamcinc `cZzmP ]dp.

Bt{Xb DhmN ]pckvXmtZX {]XnmXw k
tXzw Pnhkv]rIv icotcW A`nkw_\mXoXn.
bkvam Xp kaZpmb {]`hx k \ Kt`m a\pjy
hn{KtlW PmbtX a\ptjym a\pjy {]`h CXyp
NytX XZvhymax
23

Bt{Xb ]dp  Rm apv Cu {]Xn sNbvXnpv. a\v Bmhpambn _sSpXpsImmWv icochpambp _apmIpXv Fv. Fm FpsImmWv CsXmw IqSntcptm K`w a\pjycq]ambnocpXv a\pjy\n \nv a\pjy DmIpXv Fsms ]dsm AXv hnhcnpXcmw.

`qXm\mw NXpn[m tbm\n`hXn PcmbmWvUtkz
tZmZv`nx Xmkmw Jep NXkrWma]n tbm\o\mta
ssIIm tbm\nc]cnkwtJyb ss`Zm `hXn `qXm\mam
IrXn hntijm]cnkwtJybXzm. X{X PcmbpPm
\m aWvUPm\mw {]mWn\mtatX K`Ic`mhm bmw
bmw tbm\nam]ZytX Xkym Xkymw tbm\u XYm X
Ym cq]m `hn. XZv bYm I\IcPX Xm{a{X]pko
kym\ymknNyam\m\n ssh tXjp a[qnjvS_nw
t_jp Xm\n bZm a\pjy _nw_am]Zyt XZm a
\pjyhn{KtlW Pmbt. Xkvam kamZmb {]`h
k k Kt`m a\pjyhn{KtlW PmbtX a\ptjym
a\pjy{]`h CXypNytX XZv tbm\nXzm.
24

PohnIv \mev Dev]nm\fpv. 1. Pcmbp. 2. AWvUw 3. tkzZw 4. DZv`nZw (Pcmbphn \npmIpXv PcmbpPw a\pjy arKmZnI, AWvUn\npmIpXv AWvUPw, ]nkmZnI, tkzZn\npmIpXv tkzZPw t], Iran apXembh `qanbn\npmIpXv DZv`nw A, C{tKm]pg apXembh) C{]Imcw Dhw \memsWnepw Hmtcm tbm\nbnepw kwJybnm{X t`Zfpv. ImcWw PohnIfpsS BIrXnhntijw kwJybnm{XbmIpp. AXn PcmbpPhpw AWvUPhpamb PohnIfpsS Cu Kt`m]mZIcamb ip{ItimWnX BmZn Bdv `mh GtXXv tbm\nbn {]m]nppthm AXmXv tbm\nbn AXmXv hn[nep cq]ambnocpp. AXv A{]Imcsam kzw, shn, sNv, HmSv, Cuw Ch Dcpnbm sagpsImpmnb GXv hn{Kln Hgnppthm B hn{Klns BIrXnbmbnocpp. B Dcpnb kzmZnI Ftm sagp sImpmnb a\pjy\n hn{Kln Hgnppthm Atm a\pjyhn{Klambnocpp. AXpsImv K`m]mZI `mhsfmw a\pjytbm\nbn shp IqSntcptm B K`w a\pjycq]ambnocpp Ans\ a\pjy a\pjy\n\npmIpp Fv ]dbpp. ImcWw AXns Dhm\w AXmIpp. AXmbXv ImcWn\pcq]amb Imcyw DmIpp Fw.

btmw bZn N a\ptjym a\pjy {]`hx Ikvam
 PUmZnt`ym PmXmx ]nXrkZricq]m `hoXn.
Xt{XmNytX bky lywKthbhky _otP _oPm`K D
X]vtXm `hXn, Xky XkymwKmhbhky hnIrXncp]
PmbtX, t\m]PmbtX Nm\p]Xm]m XkvamZp]`
tbmcp]]ncnXn. A{X kky NmPm\o{n
bmWn tXjmw `mhm`mh tlXp ssZhw, XkvamssW
ImtXm PUmZnt`ym PmXmx ]nXrkZricq]m `hn.
24

a\pjy a\pjy\n \npmIpp FmsWn FpsImv PUmZnIfn\npmIp a\pjy ]nXrkZriambnocpn Fv tNmZntpw. AXn\pcw ]dbpp. ip{ItimWnXcq]amb _oPn GtXXv Ahbhns `mK ZqjnXambnocppthm AXmXhbh hnIrXambnocpp. _oPmhbh ZpjnsSpnsn K`ns Ahbhhpw ZpjnsSpX. AXpsImv Ahbhw hnIrXamIm\pw hnIrXamXmIm\pw PUw ImcWambnocpX. C{nbsfmw BP\yamIpp. Ah DmIm\pw CmXmIm\pw ImcWw ssZhm[o\amIpp. AXpsImv Ddnp ]dbpp. PUmZnIfn \npmIpp FXpsImv ]nXrkZriambnocpX.

amXm]nXmm AwKsshIeyaphcmsWn AwKsshIeyap km\ DmIpX. cq]kmZriyw DmIpXmWv. amXm]nXmm IpjvTmZntcmKaphcmsWn km\fpw IpjvTmZn tcmKaphcmIpX. Fm IpjvTmZntcmK _oPs _m[np _oPtZmjw DmIpIbmsWn km\n\pw IpjvTmZn tcmK DmIpXmWv. C{nb BP\yamWv AXpsImv A\v A kmaw DmIpX. AYhm Ans\ DmIpIbmsWn AXv Ahs ]qPmnXamb I^ew sImpmIpXmWv. AmsX amXm]nXmmcpsS tZmjwsImpmIpX. FhnsSsbnepw Ans\ A\v Akm\w DmbnmWppsn AXv ImIXmfo\ymw t]msebmsWpIqSn ]dbmw.

\ Nm kkzn{otbjp tmƒkkp hm `
hXyx \lykXzx IZmNnZmm. kXzhnti
jmtm]e`ytX m\hntij CXn
25

Bmhv C{nbtfmSv tNcptm m\hm\pw C{nbtfmSv tNcmXncnptm A\pw BIpX. Fm Bmhv Hcnepw at\mlclnX\mbncnpXpa. at\mhntijWn \nmWv m\hntijw DmIpXv. (AXmbXv Bmhn\v C{nbfpambn t\cn _sampw C. C{nbfpambn _apXv a\n\mWv. a\v tam]cyw BmthmSv tNp\npXmWv. Bmhv Ftmgpw m\hm\mWv.)

`hnNm{X
\ Ipcn{nbm `mhmkv Imcym\w {]htX
ssbx {Inbm htX bmXp km hn\m ssX \ htX
Pm\]n artZm ƒ`mhm Ipw`Ir {]htX
27

C{nbanmXmbm Imhn\v Imcy{]hn P\Iamb _mlyhnjbm\w DmIpX. Imhn\v IcWsIqSmsX Hpw sNm IgnbpX. Ipw`Imc\v ]m{Xapmm\dnbpsanepw ansn ]m{Xapmm IgnbpX.

anmXpsImv Ipw`Imc ]m{XapmmXncpm Ah\v ]m{Xapmm AdnpIqsSv ]dpIqS. AXpt]mse C{nbfpsS A`mhw sImv _mlyhnjbm\w CmXncpm Bmhv A\msWv ]dpIqSmXmWv.

irWpbm thZaym amm\ _ew al
C{nbmWn N kwn]y a\x kwKrly New
{]hniymymamx tkzmt\ ]cyhoXx
k{X hnlnXm\x k `mhm ]cotX
28
29

Cu Aym kw_amb hnjbs tIpsImI. Bm\_ew almIpp. C{nbsf _mlyhnjbfn \nv ]nhenpIbpw Neamb a\ns\ ]pSnp\npIbpw Aym XXzn {]thinpIbpw Bm\n DdncnpIbpw sNp Bm\nv Adnbm IgnbmsXmpwXsbn. Ah\v kNcmNcfpsS `mhtfbpw Adnbm IgnbpXmIpp. Bm\nv Fmw {]Xyambncnpsaw. AXpsImv Bmhv m\amIpp.

KrlvWnjz thZa]cw `cZzmP hn\nbw
\nhrt{nbhmIvtNjvSx kp]vXE kz]v\ KtXm bZm
hnjbm kpJZpxtJ Nthn \mtm]yXxkvarXx
30

Atbm `cZzmP asmcp \nbsqSn \o a\nemnsmI! mt\{nbfpw Itav{Znbfpw Hpw ]3hnmsX Ddph kz]v\n kpJZpxJfmb hnjbsf Adnbpp. AXpsImpw Bmhv A\sdnbWw.

\mm m\mZrtX ssNtIm mXpw Inn {]htX
\ tlytIm htX `mthm htX \m]ytlXpIx
32

GIambncnp Bm\s IqSmsX C{nbmZnIfneqsSbp Hcp hnjbm\hpw {]hnpX. Fm `mhw AXmbXv Dev]n[ hkvXp GIambpw {]hnpX.

Dev]n[ ]Zmn\v Dev]nbn Imhpw ImcWhpw BhiyamWv. \nXyamb Bmhn\v Imhntbpw IcWntbpw Bhiyan. Fm _mlyhnjb m\n\v thn Imhpw ImcWhpw Bmhpw IcWw CnbmZnIfpamIpp.

Xkvamx {]IrXnmm {ZjvSm ImcWtah N
ktaXtZ `cZzmP \noXw P_nkwibw
33

D]kwlcnpp  AXpsImv Bmhv m\hm\pw \nnImc\pw {ZjvSmhpw ImcWhpw BIpp. Atbm `cZzmP! Cu ]dsXmw \nbamIpp. kwibs Dt]npI.

tlXpK`ky \nhru hru Pa\n ssNh bx
]p\kpaXnbm N `cZzmPaXo bm
{]Xnm {]Xntj[ hniZmXv\ \nbx
K`mh{Imnapniy JpWvUoImw kw{]IminXw
34

K`ns D]n, hrn, PImcWw, ]p\kpaXw, `cZzmPaXw, {]Xn, {]Xntj[w, kv]jvSamb B\nbw Fnhsbmw Cu JpoIm (kz]) K`mh{Imn imcocw F Aymbn hnhcnsncnpp.

CXynthiIrtX Xt{ NcI{]XnkwkvIrtX
imcocmt\ JpoIm K`mh{Imn imcocw
\ma {XnIotbmƒ[ymbx

tmI :

1-17

18-34