chaper7

Aymbw  7

icockwJym imcocw

tmI :

1-10

11-20

Zi {]mWmbX\m\n. XZyYm  aqzIWvtTm lr
Zbw \m`nKpZw hkvXntcmPx ip{Iw timWnXw amw
kanXn. tXjpjSv ]qmWn IkwJymXm\n.

{]mWs m\w ]mIpp. 1. aqmhv (incv Asn akvXnjvIw), 2. IWvTw, 3. lrZbw, 4. \m`n, 5 KpZw, 6. hkvXn, 7. HmPv, 8. ip{Iw (hocyw), 9. cw, 10. amwkw Chbn Bsdw AXmbXv aqmIWvT lrZb\m`n KpZhkvXnIsf kw_nv apv afn DsSpn ]dnpv. (CXn amwkns m\v AjvSmwK kw{KlImc Pnlzm _\w F m\sbmWv ]dncnpXv.)

]ZitImjvTmwKm\n, XZyYm  \m`n lrZb
 tma N bIr olm N hru N hkvXn
jvN ]pcoj[mcmamib ]Izmibtm
c KpZm[mcKpZ p{Z{ h]mhl\tXn.

tImjvTnse AwK ]Xn\mIpp. 1. \m`n, 2. lrZbw, 3. tmaw, 4. bIrXv, 5. ol, 6. cv hr (Kidneys), 7. hkvXn, (aq{Xmibw = Bladder), 8. ]pcojm[mcw (Sigmoidflexure) AYhm DWvUpIw (Coecum), 9. Bamibw, 10. ]Izmibw, 11. DcKpZw (Rectum), 12. A[cKpZw (Anus), 13. p{Zm{w, 14. qem{w, 15. hn]mhl\w (lrZbn\v Nppap taZn\mWv h] Fv ]dbpXv. AXns\ hlnpXv AYhm Aymibw (Pancreas) BIpp).

jSv ]mi {]XywKm\n jSvkzwtKjq]\n_\v
[m\n, bm\y]cnkwJymbamt\jp ]cnkwJymbamt\
jp, Xm\yss\yx ]cymssbcnl {]Imiy hymJymXm
\n `hn, XZvbYm  tZz PwLm]nWvUntI tZz Du
tlm tZz DtJ Zzu hwWuZzu IpIpcu GIw h
kvXniojtaIapZcw Zzu kvX\u Zzu `pPu tZz _m
jvTImthIw Xmep GImKfipWvUnIm tZz D]Pn
ZzntI GIw tKmPnlznIm Zzu KWvUu tZz Im
ijvIpentI tZz I]p{XIu tZz AnIqtS NXz
cyn hm\n tZz AnI\o\ntI tZz {`phmth
tImƒhSpx NXzmcn]mWn]mZlrZbm\n
13

]mWn]mZ, a[yicocw, incv Fo BdwKfn 56{]XywKfpv. {]XywK A]cnkwtJybamWv. Fm t]cpItfmSpIqSnbhsb ChnsS hnhcnmw. IWmense ]nWvUnII (amwk]nWvUw Asn aknkv) 2, XpSbnse ]nWvUnII 2. \nXw_w 2, hrjWw 2, aqt{X{nbw 2, Iw 2, hwWw 2, IpIpcw 2, hkvXniojw 1, DZcw 1, DZcw 1, kvX\w 2, tjva`q s\ns D]cn`mKw 2, _mlp]nWvUnI 2, XmSn 1 Npv 2, krWn Npnsc D]cn`mKw 2, ZthjvSIw (s\mv) 2, Amv 1, KfipWvUnI (Uvula) 1, D]PnlznI (Tonsils) 2, sNdp\mhv 1, IhnSw 2, sNhn 2, I]p{XIw (sNhnbpsS apn DbpImWpXv) 2, AnqSw 2, I]pcnIw 4, ISv 2, `q{]tZiw 2, {`qayw 1, cv DwIpw cv DwImepw IqSn BsI {]XywK 56.

\h almn On{ZmWn k]vXinckn tZz Nm[x

\hZzmcfn Gsgw incnepw csw At[m`mKpw BIpp. 2. aqv, 2. Iv, cv sNhn, Hcphmb Cns\ Gsgw incnepw aqt{X{nbhpw KpZhpw At[m`mKpw BIpp. C{]ImcamWv icocnse 9Zmc.

GXmhZv Zriyw iIya]n \ntjvSpw, A\nZv
tZiyaXx ]cw Xytah. XZvbYm  \h kv\mbp
iXm\n k]vX kncmiXm\n tZz [a\oKtX ]
t]iniXm\n k]vtXmcw aiXw tZz ]p\x k
nitX. {XnwiXkl{kmWo \h N iXm\n
jvS]mikl{kmWn incm[a\o\maWpix {]
hn`Pyam\m\mw apJm{K]cnamWw. bmhnssNh
tIiiva{iptemam\ntXyXZv bYmhZv bkwJymXw
XzIv {]`rXn ZriyaXx ]cw X Xyw. GXZp`b
a]n \ hnIev]ytX {]IrXn`mhmOcocky.
15

CXphsc \ntins XzKmZnI ImWm IgnbphbmWv. \ntinsSm C\n ]dbph DulwsImv am{Xw AdnbmhphbmWv. (Ah DXpXsbmsWnepw Fw Dulnphm am{Xsa \nhrnbpp. ImcWw {]Xyn ImWm IgnbmXpsImv.) AXv F{]Imcsam  kv\mbp900, kncI700, [a\nI200, amwkt]inI400, a107, knI200, AXyw kqvaambn hn`Pns kncm[a\nIfpsS apJm{KkwJy30955, C{XXs tiw XmSn, aoi, icocnse tcmaw Fnhbpv. Cu ]d ImWm Ignbp XzKmZnIpw Dulndnbm Ignbp kv\mbzmZnIpw icocns {]IrXyhbn hyXymksampw DmIpX. (hnIrXyhbn Nne hyXymk DmIpXmbncnpw)

ChnsS ]d kv\mbpkncm[a\oamwkt]min  aknIsf kw_nv hyambpw AdnncntXv ikv{X{Inb sNphcmWv AXp sImv ieyNnInm {][m\amb kp{ipXw imcocn AwK{]XywKfnembn C{X C{X hoXw Dsv hfsc hyambn Chsbmw {]Xn]mZnnpv.

b XzRvPen kwtJybw XZp]tZymax X]cw
{]amWa`ntbw. Xhrn{lmktbmKn Xy
tah. XZv bYm  ZtimZIkymRvPebx icotc tkz\m
RvPen {]amtW\. b Xp {]Nyham\w ]pcoj
a\p_[v\mXn AXntbmtK\, XYm aq{Xw cp[nca
\ymw icoc[mXq; b Xp kicocNcw _m
lyXzcv _nan, b XzKtc {hWKXw ekn
Imi_vZw e`tX, btmjvaWm\p_w temaIq
t]t`ym \njv]X tkzZi_qahm]vt\mXn, XZpZ
Iw ZimRvPen {]amWw \hRvPebx ]qkymlm
c ]cnWma[mtXmb{ZkanXymNtX. AjvSu tim
WnXky, k]vX]pcnjky, jSv tjvaWx, ]
]nky, NXzmtcm ap{Xky, {Xmtbm hkmtbmx, Zzu
taZk, GtImaRx, akvXnjvIkymmRvPen
ip{Iky XmatZh {]amWw, XmhtZh tjvaWu
Pkx. CtXyXtZh icocXXzapw.
16

ARvPeokwJysImv AdntbtXtXm AXv D]tZinpXcmw. (ARvPen FXv cv Ipw sNpshm AXn sImp{X AfhmIpp) ARvPeokwJysImv ChnsS ]dbp IWv Ghpw DrjvSambXmsWdnbWw. ChnsS ]dbpXn \nv GdpItbm IpdbpItbm sNpXv DulnpXs AdnbWw. icocn shns Awiw kzw ssIv ]v ARvPen{]amWamIpp. GsXmcp Pew AXntbmKm hntcN\mZnIfn aetmSpIqSn ]pdtv t]mIppthm GsXmcp Pew AXntbmKm aq{XtmSpIqSn ]pdtv t]mIppthm GsXmcp Pew AXntbmKm cnepw av [mXpfnepw A\p_ambn \nevppthm GsXmcp Pew icocn apgph kcnp _mlyXzmb DZI[cXzns\ cnppthm GsXmcp Pew Xzn apdnm eknIm i_vZm ]dbsSppthm GsXmcp Pew icocn NqSmIptm tcmaIq]w hgn ]pdsSp hnbv F t]cn\m AdnbsSppthm B shns AfhmWv ]RvPen. Blmc]cnWman BZy[mXphmbn ]cnWanp ck[mXp HXRvPenbmIpp. cw 8ARvPenbmIpp. aew 7 ARvPenbmIpp. I^w 6 ARvPenbmIpp. ]nw 5ARvPenbmIpp. aq{Xw 4 ARvPenbmIpp. hk 3ARvPenbmIpp. taZv 2ARvPenbmIpp. a 1ARvPenbmIpp. akvXnjvIw AmRvPenbmIpp. C{]Imcw Cu icocXXzw ]dbsSpp.

ChnsS cntbpw apw Afhv ]dXn B[p\nIaX{]Imcw Ipdsms hyXymkfpv. Fm `qcn`mKntbpw Afhv ]dXn B[p\nIhpambn henb hyXymksfmpan.

X{X bZv hntijXx qew ncw aqnaZv
KpcpJc ITn\awKw \Jmn Zamwk Nh
tIiiva{ip temaIWvUcmZn, X ]mnhwK\v
t[m{LmW bZv {Zh kca kv\nKv arZp ]n
new ckcp[nc hkm I^]n aq{XtkzZmZn.
XZm]yw ctkm ck\, b ]napjvam N tbm
bm N `mx icotc, X, kamtbw cq]w Zi
\. bZptzmk {]izmtkmtaj \ntajmIp
\ {]kmcW Ka\ t{]cWm [mcWmZn, XZv hmbho
bw kzixkv]i\. bZv hnhnapNytX a
lmnNmWq\n N t{kmXmwko, XZmcow i_vZx
t{im{X. b {]tbmr X X {][m\w _p
[na\. CXn icocmhbh kwJym bYmq
e t`tZ\ Ahbhm\mw \nnjvSm.
17

icocn GsXmcp AwKw hntijnv qehpw nchpw aqnapw Kpcphpw Jchpw ITn\hpw Bbnptm AXmbXv \Jw, An, Zw, amwkw, Nw, aew, XeapSn, XmSnaoi, icocnse tcmaw, IWvUc (almkv\mbp) apXembhbpw Khpw Kt{nbhpw `qankw_nbmIpp. GsXmv {Zhhpw kchpw ]nhpw NqSpw icocImnbpw Dtm AXpw cq]hpw Zit\{nbhpw Ankw_nbmIpp. Dzmkw, {]izmkw, Dtjw, \ntajw (Iv XpdpI ]qpI) Ahbh aSpI, \opI, \SpI, t{]cW, [mcW apXembh GsXmptm AXpw kv]ihpw kv]ti{nbhpw hmbp kw_nbmIpp. hepXpw sNdpXpamb t{kmXpIfn GsXmcp On{Zw (AhImim\w) ]dbppthm AXpw i_vZhpw i_vtZ{nbhpw BImikw_nbmIpp. CXns {]tbmmhv (Bmhv) GsXmmtWm AXv {][m\amIpp. _pnbpw a\pw {][m\amIpp. AhbhfpsS qeamb hyXymk F{]ImcamtWm A{]Imcw icocmhbhkwJy hnhcnsp.

icocmhbhmkvXp ]camWpt`tZ\m]cn kwtJybm `
hn AXn _lpXzmZXn kuvaymZXo{nbXzm
tXjmw kwtbmK hn`mtK ]camWq\mw ImcWw hm
bpx I kz`mh.
18

icocmhbhfpsS ]camWpt`Zm AkwJyambnpv. ImcWw ]camWp At\Ihpw AXyw kqvahpw C{nb{KmlyamXpw BIpp. Cg]camWpfpsS kwtbmKn\p hn`mKn\pw ImcWw hmbphns Ihpw kz`mhhpw BIpp.

AYhm Cu ]camWpfpsS kwtbmKn\pw (Pn\pw) hn`mKn\pw (icoc\min\pw) ImcWw [m[ Ikz`mhZzmcm t{]cnXamb hmbphmIpp.

XtZXcoc kwJymXw At\Imhbhw ZrjvSw GI
tXz\ kwKkwJymXw, ]rYtz\ A]hx.
X{X {][m\apw kkm\nhru \nh
tX CXn.
19

Ans\bp Cu icocw At\Iw AhbhtfmSpIqSnbXmsWv ]dbsSpp. CXns\ Htc cq]n ImWpXn\v kwKw Fv ]dbpp. AXmbXv At\Iw AhbhtfmSpIqSnb Cu icochpw Bmhpw HmWv Fv ImWpXn\v kwKw Fv ]dbpp. icochpw Bmhpw thsd XsbmsWv ImWpXn\v tamw Fv ]dbpp. AXn {][m\ambncnp Bmhv Ftm {]IrXnbpambn _sSmXncnppthm Atm Fmhn[ P\\ acWfn \npw \nhrambn tams {]m]npp. AXmbXv Bmhv Ftm Xs \cq]s ImWsSppthm AXv XsbmWv tamw Fv ]dbpXv.

Cu icocm\nXs Amw Aymbn ]dnpv, ""\nhrnc]hkvX]cw {]imw XZcw XZv{_ ktamx.'' CXn.

X{XtmIu
icockwJym tbm thZ kmhbhtimx ZnjIv
XZm\\nant\ k tamtl\ \ bpPytX
AaqtVm tamlapsse\ tZmssjc`n`qbtX
\ntmtjm \njv]rlx imx {]imayXy]p\hx.

GsXmcp sshZy Fm AhbhtfmSpw a\nemn icockwJysb AdnbsSppthm Ah Am\wsImpmIp tamltmSpIqSnbh\mbnocpX. aqV\m sshZys\ tamlw\nanapmIp tZmj _m[nsSpX. \ntmj\pw \njvIma\pw im\pambh ]p\anmsX im\mbnocpp. AXmbXv tams {]m]npp.

CXynthi IrtXX{ NcI{]XnkwkvIrtX
imcocmt\ icoc kwJym\ma imcocw \ma
k]vXtamƒ[ymbx.

tmI :

1-10

11-20