A²ymbw þ 10

hkvXnkn²n

C\n hkvXn kn²n Fó A²ymbs¯ Bt{Xb `Khm³ D]tZin¨Xp{]Imcw Aánthi alÀjn hnhcn¡póp.

Añtbm Aánthi! AXmXp tcmK§fnð {]ikvXhpw {]Xy£^eZÀiIhpamb hkvXnIfpsS k^eXsb kw_Ôn¨v Cu hkvXnkn²n Fó A²ymb¯nð hnhcn¨pXcmw {i²tbmSpIqSn tI«psImÅpI.

_ew, tZmjw, Imew, tcmKw, icoc{]IrXn Chsb thÀXncn¨dnªn«v AXmXn\v tbmPn¡pó Huj[§fp]tbmKn¨p thïXpt]mse hkvXn sN¿póXmbmð AXv AXmXv tcmK§sf \nb{´n¡póXmbncn¡pw, £W¯nepw kpJ¯nepw tim[\ hcp¯póXpsImïpw £W¯nð XÀ¸Whpw A]XÀ¸Whpw Dïm¡póXpsImïpw A]mbapïmIm¯XmbXpsImïpw hkvXn¡v Xpeyw asämcp NnInÕbnñ.

hntcN\¯n\v tZmjw ]pdt¯¡v t]mIpsa¦nð IqSn AXn\v ISpXo£vtWmjvWmZn Huj[§Ä D]tbmKnt¡ïXpsImïv ZpxJhpw G¼¡w, a\w ]nc«ð, AlrZyXw, hbdv thZ\ Chbpw DïmIpóXmWv. AXpsImïv hntcN\t¯¡mÄ \ñXv kvXnbmIpóp.

inip¡Ä¡v [mXp¡fpw ehpw ]qÀ®amIm¯XpsImïpw hr²òmÀ¡v [mXp¡fpw ehpw £bn¨XpsImïpw hntcN\w sN¿m³ ]mSnñm¯XmIpóp. Fómð inip¡Ä¡pw hr²òmÀ¡pw hntcN\_rwlWmZnIÄ¡mbn BØm]\w D¯aIÀ½amIpóp. a\pjyÀ¡v _ew, hÀ®w, lÀjw, amÀ±hw, kv\nKv²X Chsb BØm]\w £W¯nð DïmIpw.

A\phmk\w, \ncqlw, D¯chkvXn Fón§ns\ hkvXnIÀ½w aqóv hn[¯nemIpóp. ssIIfnð hmX]oUbpÅhÀ¡pw AwKkÔnIÄ¡v hfhpw kvX_v[Xbpw apdnhpw DÅhÀ¡pw ae_Ôw, hbdv hoÀ¸v, AcpNn, ]cnIÀ¯nI apXemb thZ\bpÅhcnepw hkvXnIÀ½w \ñXmIpóp.

AXmXv tcmK§Ä¡v hn[n¨ Huj[§ÄsImïv hkvXn{Zhyapïm¡nbn«v DjvWmÀ¯òmÀ¡v ioXfambpw inXmÀ¯òmÀ¡v kptJmjvWambpw bmsXmcp kwibhpw IqSmsX hkvXn sN¿Ww.

tim[\ sNt¿ïpó tcmKapÅhcnð _rwlWhkvXn sN¿cpXv. taZÊpÅhcpw IpjvTtcmKapÅhcpw {]taltcmKapÅhcpw tim[\ sNt¿ïhcmbsW¦nð AhÀ¡pw _rwlWhkvXn sN¿cpXv.

£oWw, Dcx£X, ZuÀ_eyw, aqÀÑ, IriX, icocipjvIX, kvX_v[X FónhbpÅhÀ¡pw BbpÊv tZmj\n_Ôambn«pÅhÀ¡pw AXmbXv cmPb£vam tcmKnIÄ¡pw tim[\hkvXn sN¿cpXv.

hmPoIcWmÀ°ambpw cà]n¯¯nepw tX³, s\¿v, ]mð Ch tNÀ¯ Fñm hkvXnbpw \ñXmIpóp. I^hmXtcmK§fnð F®bpw tKmaq{Xhpw hb¼pw C´p¸pw tNÀ¯ hkvXn \ñXmIpóp.

sh¸pImSn apXemb A¾w, tKmaq{Xw, ]mð, kpc, Ijmbw Fónhbpw [mXp¡Ä¡v hncp²añm¯XpsImïpw cktbm\nbmbXpsImïpw NqSvshÅhpw hkvXn{Zhyambp]tbmKn¡Ww. NqSvshÅw ckcàmZn [mXp¡Ä¡pw hmXmZntZmj§Ä¡pw hncp²añm¯XpsImïpw NqSpshůnð Huj[§fpsS ckw £W¯nð hym]n¡póXpsImïpw hkvXnbnð NqSpshÅw D]tbmKn¡Ww. Fñm hkvXn{]tbmK§fnepw {Zh{Zhyambn NqSvshÅw D]tbmKnt¡ïXmsWópw A¾aq{XmZnIÄ AhØmhntij¯nó\pkcn¨pam{Xw D]tbmKnt¡ïXmsWópw NneÀ¡`n{]mbapïv.

tZhXmcw, NXpI¸, Ge¯cn, sIm«w, Cc«na[pcw, Xn¸en, tX³, F®, s\¿v apXemb kvt\l{Zhy§Ä, ha\{Zhy§Ä, ISpIv, iÀ¡c, C´p¸v Ch hkvXnIfnð tNÀ¡m\p]tbmKn¡Ww. Chbnð GsXñmw GtXXv Ijmb§tfmSv tNÀ¯p]tbmKn¡Wsaóv ]nóoSv ]dbmw.

]gInb tcmK§fnepw ITn\_eapÅ tcmK§fnepw Xo£vWamb Iev¡Ijmb§Ä tbmPn¸n¨p kvt\lhkvXnbpw IjmbhkvXnbpw sN¿Ww. CXn\v hn]coXambn«pÅXnð AXmbXv s]s«ópïmb tcmK¯nepw _ew Ipdª tcmK¯nepw arZphmb Iev¡ Ijmb§Ä tbmPn¸n¨p kvt\lhkvXnbpw IjmbhkvXnbpw sN¿Ww.

C\n AÀ²mÀ²tÇmIpZzmcm At\I hym[nIfnð thÀXncn¨p {]tbmKn¡mhpóXpw XpeyhocyapÅXpw AXmXn\p tbmPn¡póXpamb ZpjvS^eapÅ hkvXntcmK§sf hnhcn¨pXcmw tI«psImÄI.

Iqhfw, apª, ]¿m\, IapZv, ]mXncn ChbpsS thcv, 2. Hmcne, aqhne, sNdphZn\n, h³ hgpZn\n, BhW¡v ChbpsS thcv, 3. bhw, apXnc, e´¡pcp, Hmcnethcv Cu aqóv IjmbtbmK§Ä hmXtcmK§fnð hkvXn sN¿phm³ \ñXmIpóp. Chbnð LrXssXe hkm aÖIfpw amwk ckhpw tNÀ¡mhpóXmWv.

cma¨w, hªnthcv, Bävhªnthcv, Xmac, Icnôïn, 2. aô«nt¡m\v, shfp¯ \ómdn Idp¯\ómdn, AS]Xnb³ Ing§v, Cc«na[pcw, 3. Nµ\w, ]XpapIw, cma¨w Cu aqóv Ijmb tbmK§Ä ]n¯tcmK¯nð hkvXn sN¿phm³ \ñXmIpóp. CXnð iÀ¡c, s\¿v, tX³, ]mð Ch tNÀt¡ïXmWv.

Nphsócn¡n³thcv, shfps¯cn¡n³thcv, ]mS¡ng§v, sXgpXmathcv, 2. aªÄ, {Xn^e, ap¯§, acaªÄ, Ibnap¯§, 3. Xn¸en, sImSpthcn¡ngôv, Cu aqóv IjmbtbmK§Ä I^tcmKnIÄ¡v hkvXnsN¿phm³ \ñXmIpóp. CXnð £mcw, tKmaq{Xw Aev]w kvt\l{Zhyw Ch tNÀ¡pIbpw thWw.

ae¦mcbv¡, tZhXmfn, Ibv]¨pcw, ISemSn, A{Iq«v, ISI¸mebcn, 2. cïpXcw ]Ipó cïpXcw \mKZ´n, 3. D§v, Bhnð, \ne¸me, Aacn, 4. kmZf, s\tò\nhmI, ]mt¨män, ae¦mcbv¡, I¼n¸me Cu \mev, tbmK§Ä tKmaq{XX¯nð Ijmbwsh¨p hkvXn sNbvXmð ]IzmibtimZ\sb Dïm¡pw. CXv Hmtcmómbpw Cu cïmbpw ap½qómbpw FñmwIqSnbpw tNÀ¯pw D]tbmKn¡mhpóXmWv.

ImtImfn, £ocImtImfn, Im«p]bdv iXmhcn, 2. Cc«na[pcw, ]mðapXp¡n³ Ing§v, irwKmSIw, Ibnap¯§, 3. \mbn¡pcWhn¯v, Dgpóv, tKmX¼v, bhw, 4. PmwKeamwkckw, B\q]amwkckw, Cu \mev tbmK§ÄsImïv hkvXnsNbvXmð ip¢hpw amwkhpw hÀ²n¡pw.

AS]Xnb³ Ing§v, apªthcv, XmXncn¸qhv, ISI¸mebcn, 2. sImós¯men, Icn§men, sIm«w, NaXs¯men, ae¦mcbv¡, bhw, Rmhð¸qhv, ]SÀ¨pïthcv, apÅv tNa´n, aª¡pdpªnthcv, 4. \mev]macs¯men, InwipIs¯men, ]mt¨mäns¯men Ch \mepw aemZnIsf [cn¨p \nev¡póXn\pÅ hkvXnbmIpóp.

shfp¯ sXgpXmathcpw Nphó sXgpXmathcpw C«p Im¨nb ]mðsImtïm Fens¨hnb³ thcpw sNdpNocthcpw C«pIm¨nb ]mðsImtïmhkvXn sNbvXmð ]cn{kmhw ian¡pw. (]cn{kmh e£Ww ap¼v ]dªn«pïv.) e´¡pcp, tXämwIpcp, shÅ¡cn¼v, ZÀ`, \oe¡cn¼p ChbpsS Ipjmb¯nð ]mepw s\¿pw tNÀ¯p hkvXn sNbvXmepw Dev]emZn KWuj[§fpsS Ijmb¯nð ]mepw s\¿pw tNÀ¯p hkvXn sNbvXmepw Np«p\odð ian¡pw.

a´mcs¯men, Xphc¸cn¸v, IS¼n³sXmen, Bävhôns¯men ChsImïv ]mð¡jmbapïm¡n tX\pw iÀ¡cbpw tNÀ¯v ioXfhkvXn sNbvXmð ]cnIÀ¯nI ian¡pw. A{]Imcw IapZnsâ Cebpw a´mc¯nsâ CebpwsImïv ]mð¡jmbapïm¡n C{]Imcw tX\pw iÀ¡cbpw tNÀ¯v ioXfhkvXn sNbvXmepw ]cnIÀ¯nI ian¡pw.

Hcp ]nSn Cehn³ CesImïv ]mð¡jmbapïm¡n s\¿v tNÀ¯v hkvXn sN¿póXv {]hmlW¯nð \ñXmIpóp. AXpt]mseXsó Cehn³ ]isImïv ]mð¡jmbapïm¡n s\¿v tNÀ¯p hkvXn sNbvXmepw {]hmlWw (ap¡ð) ian¡pw.

Aap¡pcw, Im¡s¯mïnthcv, henb Ibnap¯§ Ch HmtcmópsImïv ]mð¡jmbapïm¡n AXnð tX\pw ckmRvP\hpw s\¿pw tNÀ¯p hkvXn sNbvXmð {]hmlWw ian¡pw. \mev]macsXmensImïv ]mð¡jmbapïm¡n AXnð tX\pw ckmRvP\hpw s\¿pw tNÀ¯p hkvXn sNbvXmepw {]hmlWw ian¡pw. {]hmlW¯nð ]dª hkvXn tbmK§sfñmw sshZy³ \ñXpt]mse BtemNn¨p AXmXnS¯v thïpóXnó\pkcn¨v {]tbmKn¡Ww.

1. h³hgpZn\thcv, £ocImtImfn, aqhnethcv, iXmhcn¡ng§v, 2. IapZn³thcv, e´¡pcp, IdpI, cma¨w, Rmhð¸qhv, Cu cïv tbmK¯nepw Poh\obKWw tNÀ¯p ]mð¡jmbapïm¡n AXnð s\¿v, ckmRvP\w, tX³, iÀ¡c, Ch tNÀ¯p ioXfhkvXn sNbvXmð {]hmlWw ian¡pw. ]iphn³]mð, IpdnbmSn³]mð, tImemSn³]mð, Fcpa¸mð, Chbnð Poh\obKWw Ac¨ptNÀ¯p s\¿pw ckmRvP\hpw tX\pw iÀ¡cbpw tNÀ¯p hkvXn sNbvXmepw {]hmlWw ian¡pw.

apbð, am³, tImgn, ]q¨, t]m¯v, IpdnbmSv, tImemSv ChbpsS ]pXp càw aäv {Zhy§Ä tNÀ¯p AXvsImïv sN¿pó hkvXn Pohcàw t]mIpóXn\v Gähpw \ñXmIpóp.

Ccn¡mXð, Cc«na[pcw, ap´ncn§, IpapZn³ thcv, Nµ\w, 2. iÀ¡c, Nµ\w, ap´ncn§, tX³, s\ñn¡, ae¦mcbv¡, \oe¯mac, 3. shIcn§men, (tXmhcmbnthcv) Cu aqóv tbmKw sImïpw Ijmbapïm¡n sshZy³ hn[n{]Imcw hkvXn sNbvXmð cà]n¯hpw {]taltcmKhpw ian¡pw. BZys¯ 2þtbmKw cà]n¯¯n\pw aqómas¯ tkmahð¡tbmKw {]tal¯n\pamWp]tbmKnt¡ïXv.

hkvXnkwJyþhmX¯nðþ3, ]n¯¯nðþ3, I¯nðþ3, ]Izmibip²n¡mbnþ4, hrjyhkvXnþ4, kw{KmlnIhkvXnþ4, ]cn{kmh¯nðþ2, Zml¯nðþ2, ]cnIÀ¯nIbnðþ2, {]hmlW¯nðþ2, AXntbmK¯nðþ2, PohmZm\¯nðþ3, cà]n¯¯nðþ2, {]tal¯nðþ1, C{]Imtc 37þhkvXntbmK§Ä hnhcn¡s¸«p, Huj[§Ä kpe`ambn¡n«póXpw Huj[§Ä IpdªXpw {]tbmK¯nð t¢iw IpdªXpamb hkvXn Gähpw \ñXmIpóp.

Kpevaw, AXnkmcw, DZmhÀ¯w, kvXw`\w, icockt¦mNw apXembhIfnepw kÀÆmwKtcmK¯nepw GImwKtcmK¯nepw CXpt]msebpÅ aäv tcmK§fnepw _p²nam\mb sshZy³ AXmXnóv tbmPn¡pó Huj[§ÄsImïv {]tXyIw {]tXyIw hkvXnbpïm¡n ap³]dª hn[n{]Imcw AXmXn\v tbmPn¡pó hn[¯nð hkvXn sN¿Ww.