A²ymbw þ 4

kvt\l-hym-]ðkn²n

C\n kvt\l-hym-]ð kn²n Fó A²ym-bs¯ Bt{Xb `K-hm³ D]-tZ-in-¨-Xp-{]-Imcw Aán-thi alÀjn hnh-cn-¡p-óp.

C\n hmX-þ-]n-¯-þ-I^ \mi-I-§-fmb kvt\l-h-kvXn-Isf hnh-cn-¨p-X-cmw. IqSmsX sXämbn hkvXn sNbvXm-ep-ïm-Ipó hym]-¯p-¡Ä NnInðkm klnXw hnh-cn-¨p-X-cn-Ibpw sN¿mw.

Zi-aq-ew, Ipdp-t´m-«n-th-cv, Ac-¯, Aap-¡p-cw, sXgp-Xm-a-th-cv, Nnä-ar-Xv, Bh-W-¡n³th-cv, \mòq-I-¸p-ñv, sNdp-tX-¡n³th-cv, AS-tem-S-Iw-th-cv, tcmln-j-Xr-W-aq-ew, iXm-h-cn-¡n-g-§v, Icn-¦p-dp-ªn-th-cv, Im¡-s¯m-ïn-thcv Ch Hmtcm ]ew, bhw, Dgp-óv, AX-kn-¡p-cp, e´-¡p-cp, apXnc Ch Cucïv ]ew Fñmw-IqSn 64-þ-C-S-§gn Bbm-se-Sp-¯-cn¨p AXnð \men-S-§-gn, F®bpw \men-S-§gn ]mepw Poh-\o-b-K-W-¯nse ]¯u-j-[-§Ä Hmtcm-]ew FSp-¯-c¨p Iev¡-ambpw tNÀ¯p Im¨n-sb-Sp-¡-Ww. Cu ssXewsImïv A\p-hm-k\w sN-bvXmð Fñm-hn[ hmX-tcm-K-§fpw \in-¡pw. Cu Zi-aq-em-Zn-ssX-e-¯n\v hnez-ssXew Fóp-IqSn ]d-bp-ó-Xm-Wv. CXnð F®-bpsS Øm\¯v B\q-]-Po-hn-I-fpsS hk tNÀ¯p Im¨n-sb-Sp¯p A\p-hm-k\w sNbvXmepw Fñm-hn[ hmX-tcm-K-§fpw \in-¡pw.

sh¸p-Im-Sn-bnð NXp-Ip-¸, bhw, Iqh-fw-thcv Ch Iev¡-ambn F®bpw tNÀ¯p kvt\l-]m-I-hn[n {]Imcw Im¨n-sb-Sp¯p hmX-tcm-K-¯nð A\p-hm-k-\-¯n-\m-bp-]-tbm-Kn-¡-Ww. C´p¸v Xo¿n-en«p Aán hÀ®-am-bm-se-Sp¯p s\¿nð CS-Ww. A{]-Imcw sNbvXp s\¿v NqSm-bmð AXp-sImïv A\p-hm-k\w sN¿-Ww. CXv Fñm-hn[ hmX-tcm-K-§-sfbpw ian-¸n-¡pw.

Poh-´ymZn A\p-hm-k\w þ AS-]-Xn-b³ Ing-§v, ae-¦m-c-bv¡, taZ, ap¯nÄ, Cc-«n-a-[p-cw, Ipdp-t´m-«n-th-cv, NXp-I-¸, CS-h-Iw, Xn¸-en, Im¡-s¯m-ïn-th-cv, iXm-h-cn-¡n-g-§v, \mbn-¡-c-W-_o-Pw, £oc-Im-tIm-fn, IÀ¡-S-irw-Kn, I¨q-cw, hb¼v Ch Iev¡-am¡n Iev¡-¯nsâ \men-c«n F®bpw s\¿pw tNÀ¯p Im¨n-sb-Sp-¡-Ww. Cu ba-I-kvt\-lw-sImïv A\p-hm-k\w sNbvXmð ico-cs¯ XSn-¸n-¡pw. hmX-þ-]n-¯-§sf \in-¸n-¡pw. _ew, ip¢w, PT-cmán Ch hÀ²n-¡pw, aq{X-tZm-jw, hocy-tZm-jw, ctPm-tZmjw Fón-hsb \in-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw.

Pzc-Nn-Inðk-bnð ]dª Npµ-\mZn ssXe-tbm-K-¯nse Huj-[-§Ä In«m-hp-tó--S-t¯mfw FSp-¯-c¨p Ið¡w tNÀ¯p s\¿nsâ \men-sem-cp-`mKw F®bpw ba-I-¯nsâ \men-c«n ]mepw tNÀ¯p Im¨n-sb-Sp-¡pó Cu baI kvt\lw-sIm-ïpÅ A\p-hm-k\w ]n¯-\m-i-am-Ip-óp.

C´p-¸v, ae-¦m-c-bv¡, sIm«w, NXp-Ip-¸, Bäv hôn, Ipdp-t´m-«n-th-cv, Ccp-th-cn, Cc-«n-a-[p-cw, sNdp-tX-¡n³th-cv, tZh-Xm-cw, Iap-Zn³th-cv, Np¡v, ]pjvI-c-aq-ew, taZ, Im«p-ap-f-In³th-cv, sImSp-th-cn-¡n-g-§v, I¨q-cw, hngm-ecn, AXn-hn-S-bw, ]Ipó Atc-Wp-Iw, InWn-In-Wn-¸m-e, Hmcn-e-th-cv, Iqh-fw-th-cv, Ab-tam-Z-Iw, Xn¸-en, \mK-Z-´n-th-cv, Ac¯ Ch kaw Iev¡-am¡n Bh-W-s¡-®tbm FsÅ-®tbm kvt\l-]m-I-hn-[n-{]-Imcw ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp¯p hkvXn-sN-bvXmð I^-P-\y-amb tcmK-§sf \in-¸n-¡pw. IqSmsX {_[v\-tcm-Kw, DZm-hÀ¯w, Kpevaw, AÀi-Êv, ¹ol-tcm-Kw, {]talw, BVy-hm-Xw, B\m-lw, Aivacn Fón-hbpw Cu A\p-hm-k-\w-sImïv \in-¡pw.

sh¸p-ImSn apX-emb A¾-{Z-hy-¯nð ae-¦m-c¡ Iev¡w-tNÀ¯p Im¨n-sb-Sp-¡pó ssXetam hnezm-Zn-a-lð ]ô-aqew Ijm-bhpw Iev¡-hp-ambn Im¨n-sb-Sp-¡pó ssXetam I^-l-c-§-fmb aäu-j-[-§Ä tNÀ¯p Im¨n-sb-Sp-¡pó ssXetam sshZy³ hn[n-{]-Imcw hkvXn-sN-bvXmð Fñm-hn[ I^-P-\y-§-fmb tcmK-§fpw ian-¡pw.

hngm-e-cn, Bh-W-¡n³th-cv, aªÄ, I«p-]-tSm-ew, {Xn^-e, Nnä-ar-Xv, ]n¨-I-¯nsâ Xfn-cn-e, Icn-s\m-¨n-bn-e, Zi-aq-ew, Fen-s¨-hn-th-cv, th¸n³sXm-en, Icn-¦p-dp-ªn, sImó-s¯m-en, Ic-hocw Ch-bpsS Ijm-b-¯nð ae-¦m-c-¡, Iqh-fw thcv, tZh-Xm-cw, Ggn-e-¼m-e-s¯men, hb-¼v, cma-¨w, aªÄ, sIm«w, IpS-I-¸m-e-b-cn, aô-«n-t¡m-ev, Cc-«n-a-[p-cw, NXp-Ip-¸, sImSp-th-cn-¡n-g-§v, I¨q-cw, AS-hnI-¡-¨q-cw, ]pjvI-c-aqew Ch Ið¡-am¡n ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-¡pó ssXew ]m\w, A`yw-Kw, A\p-hm-k\w Fón-h-bn-eqsS {]-tbm-Kn-¨mð IpjvTw, Iran, {]ta-lw, AÀi-Êv, {Kl-Wo-tcm-Kw, \]pw-k-à, hnj-am-án, ae-tZm-jw, hmX-þ-]n-¯-þ-I-^-P-\y-amb tcmK-§Ä Fón-hsb \in-¸n-¡pw. hymbm-aw-sImïpw A²zm-\w-sImïpw tcmKhpw £oWhpw Dïm-bn-«p-Å-hÀ¡pw _ew £bn-¨-hÀ¡pw HmPÊv £bn-¨-hÀ¡pw kvt\l-hkvXn AXn-bmb _es¯ {]Zm\w sN¿p-ó-Xm-Ip-óp. ]mZw, IW-¦mð, XpS, ]pdw, Awk-{]-tZ-iw, Ac-s¡«v Fón-hbv¡v AXn-bmb ZrV-Xsb Dïm-¡pw. k´m-\-§-fp-ïm-Im¯ kv{XoIÄ¡pw ]pcp-j-òmÀ¡pw kvt\l-hkvXn k´m-t\m-ev]m-Z-\-I-c-am-Ip-óp.

hmXm-hr-Xw, 2. ]n¯m-hr-Xw, 3. I^m-hr-Xw, 4. AXn-bm-bn-¡-gn¨ Blmchpam-bn-«pÅ Bhr-Xw, 5. aem-hr-Xw, 6. Xotc Blmcw Ign-¡m-¯-h\v hkvXn sNbvXm-ep-ïm-Ipó tZmjw Fón-§ns\ Bdv hn[-¯nð kvt\l-h-kvXn-sImïv hym]-¯pïm-Ip-ó-Xm-Wv. hmXm-[n-Iy-¯nð XWp-¯Xpw kvt\lw Ipd-ª-Xp-amb kvt\l-h-kvXnbpw ]n¯m-[n-Iy-¯nð DjvW kvt\l-h-kvXnbpw I^m-[n-Iy-¯nð arZp-kvt\-l-h-kvXnbpw AXn-bmbn Blmcw Ign-¨-Xnð Kpcp-Xz-apÅ kvt\l-h-kvXnbpw ae-k-ô-b-ap-Å-Xnð _ew Ipdª kvt\l-h-kvXnbpw sNbvXmð AXm-Xn-\mð kvt\l-¯n\v Bh-cWw t\cn-SpI \nan¯w bYm-k-abw Xmtgm-«n-d-§n-hóp ]pd-t¯¡v t]mIp-ó-X-ñ. Blm-c-§-sfmópw Ign-¡m-¯-h-\nð kvt\l-hkvXn sNbvXmð DZcw iq\y-am-I-bmð Bh-c-W-§-sfm-óp-ap-ïm-Im-bvI-\n-an¯w kvt\lw taevt]m«v t]mIp-ó-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw. 6þ-hn-[-¯n-epï kvt\l hym]-¯p-IÄ Dïm-Ip-hm-\pÅ ImcWw C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-óp.

hmXm-hrX kvt\l-¯nsâ e£Ww þ Km{X-kvXw-`-\w, XpS XfÀ¨, hbdv hoÀ¸v, Pzcw, iqe, AwK-aÀ±-\w, ]mÀiz-th-Z-\, DtZz-jvS\w (D-cp-ïp-I-b-äw) Ch kvt\lw hmXm-hr-X-am-bm-ep-ïm-Ipó e£-W-§-fm-sWóv sshZy³ a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. NnInðk-þ-kvt\-l-{Z-hyhpw A¾-{Z-hyhpw C´p¸pw tNÀ¯Xpw NqSp-ÅXpw Ac-¯, Nc-fw, ]mt¨män Ch Ac-¨p-tNÀ¯-Xp-amb \ncq-lw-sImïv kvt\ls¯ \ñ-h®w ]pd-t¯¡v If-b-Ww. tKmaq-{Xhpw _rlð]-ô-aq-e-I-jm-bhpw tNÀ¯ \ncq-lw-sImïpw hmXm-hr-X-amb kvt\ls¯ \ñ-Xp-t]mse ]pd-t¯¡v If-b-Ww. \ncq-lm-\-´cw tað]-dª kv\nKv²m¾ eh-Wm-Zn-IÄ kvt\l-]mI hn[n-{]-Imcw tNÀ¯p Im¨nb ssXew-sImïpw tKmaq-{X-¯nð alð]ôaqew Ið¡w tNÀ¯p Im¨nb ssXew-sImïpw Blm-c-\-´cw sshIp-tócw kvt\l-hkvXn sN¿-Ww.

]n¯m-hrX kvt\l e£-Whpw NnIn-Õbpw Np«p-\o-dð, ico-c-¯nð Nph-¸p-\n-dw, Zmlw, tamlw, Xa-I-izm-kw, Pzcw, Ch kvt\lw ]n¯m-hr-X-am-bm-ep-ïm-Ipó e£-W-am-sW-ó-dn-b-Ww. B kvt\ls¯ a[p-chpw Xn-à-hp-amb {Zhy-§-tf-s¡m-ïp-ïm-¡nb Ijm-b-h-kvXn-sImïv ]pd-t¯¡v If-b-Ww.

aSn, ioX-Pz-cw, Be-kyw, I^w-Xp-¸p-I, Acp-Nn, Km{X-Kp-cpXzw tamlm-e-kyw, XfÀ¨, Fóo e£-W-§ÄsImïv kvt\lw I^m-hr-X-am-sWóv a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. NnInðk-þ-I-jm-b-þ-I-Sp-þ-Xo-£vW-þ-D-jvW-{Z-hy-§Ä kpcbpw tKmaq-{Xhpw tNÀ¯p Ijm-bw-sh¨p AXnð ae-¦m-cbv¡ Ac-¨Xpw ssXehpw A¾-{Z-hyhpw tNÀ¯p tbmPn-¸n¨p sN¿pó hkvXn-sImïv I^m-hr-X-amb kvt\l-s¯ ]pd-t¯¡v If-b-Ww.

OÀ±n, aqÀÑ, Acp-Nn, £oWw, Pzcw, iqe, \pdp-§n-t\m-hv, Ba-e-£-Ww, Np«p-\o-dð Fóo hnIm-c-§-tf-s¡mïv hkvXn-sNbvX kvt\lw AXn-t`m-P-\-¯mð Bhr-X-am-sW-ó-dn-b-Ww. NnInðk Fcnhpw D¸pw DÅ Ijm-bw-sImWïpw NqÀ®w sImïpw AXns\ ]Nn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw arZp-hmbn hntc-Nn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw Ba-tZm-j-¯n\v ]dª NnInðk sN¿p-Ibpw thWw.

aqe-tcm-[w, aq{X-tcm-[w, At[m-hm-X-tcm-Kw, icoc Kpcp-Xzw, hbdv hoÀ¸v, lrZ-b-¯nð ]nSn-¯w, Fóo e£-W-§ÄsImïv hkvXn-sNbvX kvt\lw aem-hr-X-am-sWóv a\-Ên-em-¡n-bn«v kvt\l-tkz-Zw-sImïpw KpZ-¯nð tim[\ hÀ¯n-sh¨pw ]Ip-óbpw hnezmZn ]ô-aq-ehpw sImïpÅ Ijmbw sImïv \ncqlw sNbvXpw A\p-hm-kw-sImïpw DZm-hÀ¯ \mi-I-amb NnInðk-sImïpw B kvt\ls¯ ]pd-t¯¡v If-b-Ww.

Blmcw Ign-¡m-¯-hsâ iq\y-amb KpZ-¯nð kvt\l-hkvXn _e-ambn sNbvXmð B kvt\lw taevt]m«v t]mbn«v IWvTw-h-gn-bmbn hmbnð¡q-Sntbm aq¡nðIq-Sntbm ]pd-t¯¡v t]mIpw. AXn\v bhw, e´-¡p-cp, apXnc Ch-bpsS bqj-¯nð tKmaq-{Xhpw {XntIm-ev]-s¡m-óbpw \mevt¡m-ev]-s¡m-óbpw Ac-¨Xpw sskÔ-h-a-[p-Lr-X-§Ä bpàn-t]m-sebpw tNÀ¯p tbmPn-¸n¨p \ncqlw sN¿-Ww. bh-tIm-e-Ip-e-°-c-k-¯nð tKmaq-{Xhpw ]Ipó Ið¡hpw tNÀ¯p Im¨n-sb-Sp-¡pó ssXew A\p-hm-k\w sN¿p-óXpw \ñ-Xm-Ip-óp.

hkvXn sNbvX kvt\lw taðt]m«v Ibdn IWvT-¯n-te¡v hcn-I-bm-sW-¦nð kvXw`n-¸n-¡p-Ibpw Igp-¯nð ]nSn-¡p-Ibpw hntc-Nn-¸n-¡p-Ibpw OÀ±n-i-a\ NnInðk sN¿p-I-sImïv B kvt\ls¯ Xmtgm-t«¡v Xncn-¨p-hn-S-Ww. (kvXw-`n-¸n-¡p-hm³ XWp¯ Imäv sImÅp-I. XWp¯ shÅw tZl-¯n-sem-gn-¡pI apX-em-bh sN¿-Ww.)

GsXm-cp-h\v hkvXn-sNbvX kvt\lw apgp-h-\mtbm Aev]-amtbm ]pd-t¯¡v t]mImsX ico-c-cq-£-X-\n-an¯w D]-{Z-h-§-sfm-óp-ap-ïm-¡msX \nev¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nð Ahsâ B tZmj-a-e-§-fmð Bhr-X-amb kvt\ls¯ ]pd-t¯¡v If-bp-hm-\pÅ {]b-Xv\-§-sfmópw sN¿msX Dt]-£n-¡p-I-bmWv thï-Xv.

hkvXn-sNbvX kvt\lw kay-tKym-¯mð ]pd-t¯¡v t]mhp-Itbm AYhm tZmj-a-e-§-fmð Bhr-X-amb kvt\ls¯ NnInðk-sImïv ]pd-t¯¡v If-bp-Itbm sNbvX-Xn-\p-tijw {Zhhpw DjvWhpw eLphpw ]°y-hp-amb Blm-cs¯ DNn-X-amb am{X-bnð `pPn-¨n«v aqóv aqóv Znhkw IqSp-t¼mÄ hoïpw A\p-hm-k\w sN¿-Ww. Ah\v IpSn-¡p-hm³ sIm¯-¼m-e-cnbpw Np¡pw cm{Xn shÅ-¯n-en-«p-sh¨p cmhnse B shÅw FSp-¯p-sIm-Sp-¡p-Itbm AYhm tIhew NqSp-shÅw am{Xw sImSp-¡p-Itbm sN¿-Ww.

a\p-jyÀ¡v NqSp-shÅw Zln-¡m¯ kvt\ls¯ Zln-¸n-¡p-Ibpw I^s¯ t`Zn-¡p-Ibpw hmbnsh A\p-tem-a-am-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. AXp-sImïv ha-\-¯nepw hntc-I-¯nepw \ncq-l-¯nepw A\p-hm-k-\-¯nepw hmX-I^ ia-\-¯n-\mbn NqSp-shÅw sImSp-¡-Ww.

Ft¸mgpw ico-c-¯n\v cq£-X-bp-Å-hÀ¡pw hÀ²n¨ Aán-Zo-]vXn-bp-Å-hÀ¡pw hymbmaw sN¿p-ó-hÀ¡pw hm£-W-K-X-hm-Xw, t{imWo-K-X-hm-Xw, DZm-hÀ¯-tcm-Kw, hÀ²n¨ hmX-tcmKw Ch-bp-Å-hÀ¡pw Znhkw Znhkw kvt\l-hkvXn sN¿-Ww. ImcWw AhÀ¡v ]qgn-bnð shÅ-sam-gn-¨m-se-ó-t]mse kvt\lw £W-¯nð Zln-¡p-ó-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw. AXp-sImïv Cu ]d-ª-hsc IqSmsX aäp-Å-hÀ¡v an¡-hmdpw kvt\ls¯ Aán aqóv Znh-kw-sImtï Zln-¸n-¡p-I-bp-Åp.

Hcn-¡epw ]mIw sN¿m¯ kvt\l-{Z-hyw-sImïv kvt\l-hkvXn sN¿-cp-Xv, ImcWw AXv KpZ-¯nð A`n-jy-µs¯ Dïm-¡pw. hkvXn-sNbvXp \nÀ¯p-t¼mÄ hkvXn-k-ôn-bnð Aev]w hkvXn-{Zhyw tijn-¸p-ïm-bn-cn-¡-Ww. ImcWw apgp-h-\p-ambn sR¡n-¡-b-än-bmð hkvXn-k-ôn-bnse hmbp-IqSn AI¯p {]th-in-¡p-Ibpw B[vam-\m-Zn-Isf Dïm-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. Htc Ah-k-c-¯nð hmbnð¡q-Snbpw KpZ-¯nð¡q-Snbpw kvt\lw {]tbm-Kn-¡-cp-Xv. AXm-bXv kvt\l-h-kvXnbpw kvt\l-]m-\hpw hyXykvX Ime-§-fn-e-ñmsX sN¿-cp-Xv. ImcWw A{]-Imcw sNbvXmð cïv `mK-¯p-\nópw Htc Ah-k-c-¯nð kvt\lw hóp-tNÀóp hmX-t¯bpw PT-cm-án-tbbpw Zpjn-¸n-¡pw.

kvt\l-h-kvXntbm Ijm-b-h-kvXntbm Hóp-am-{X-ambn A[nIw ioen-¡-cp-Xv. cïpw CS-I-eÀ¯n sNt¿-ïXm-Wv, ImcWw kvt\l-h-kvXn-am{Xw A[nIw sNbvXmð I^-]n-¯-§Ä¡v Dðt¢-i-ap-ïm-Ip-Ibpw PT-cmKn \in-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. Ijm-b-hkvXn am{Xw A[nIw sN-bvXmð hmX-tIm-]-ap-ïm-Ipw, AXp-sImïv Ijm-b-hkvXn sNbvX-h\v kvt\l-hkvXn sNbvXp kv\nKv²X hcp-¯p-Ibpw kvt\l-hkvXn sNbvX-h\v hoïpw Ijmb sN¿p-Ibpw thWw. C{]-Imcw kvt\l-h-kvXnbpw Ijm-b-h-kvXnbpw bpàn-t]mse sNbvXmð {XntZm-j-s¯bpw hkvXn-IÀ½w \in-¸n-¡pw.

A²zm-\w, hymbm-aw, `mcw-Np-a-¡ð, hgn-\--S-¯w, khmcn Fónh sN¿p-ó-h-cnepw kv{Xotk-h-sImïv £oWn-¨-h-cnepw ZpÀ_-e-cnepw hmX-hym[n ]nSn-s]-«-h-cnepw am{Xm-h-kvXn-sN-¿p-ó-XmWv \ñ-Xv.

kvt\lw {lkz-am-{X-bn-se-Sp¯p hkvXn sN¿p-ó-Xn\v am{Xm-hkvXn Fóv ]d-bp-óp. «jUv]-eoXp `thtPyjvTm a[y-am-{Xn-]en `thð I\o-b-ko-kmÀ² ]em-{Xn[m am{Xm-\p-hm-k-t\.« CXn am{Xm-hkvXn X{´m-´-tc. am{Xm-hkvXn sN¿p-t¼mÄ CjvSw-t]mse Blm-c-hn-lm-cm-Zn-IÄ ioen-¡p-Ibpw CXv Fñm Ime¯pw sN¿m-hp-óXpw bmsXm-c-]m-b-i-¦¡pw Ah-Im-i-an-ñm-¯Xpw BIp-óp. Cu am{Xm-hkvXn _e-{]-Zhpw kpJ-ambn ioen-¡m-hp-óXpw kpJ-ambn aes¯ ]pd-t¯¡v If-bp-óXpw ico-cs¯ XSn-¸n-¡p-óXpw hmX-tcm-Ks¯ \in-¸n-¡p-óXp BIp-óp.

Cu A²ym-b-¯nð hmXm-Zn-tZm-j-§-fpsS ia-\-¯n-ómbn D¯-a-amb kvt\l-h-kvXn-Ifpw Adn-hn-ñm-¯-h³ kvt\l-hkvXn sNbvXm-ep-ïm-Ipó hym]-¯p-Ifpw AXn-\pÅ NnInðkbpw ]d-b-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óp. IqSmsX kvt\l-hkvXn sN¿p-ó-Xn\p ap¼v GXp Blmcw Ign-¡-W-saópw {]Xn-Zn\w kvt\l-hkvXn sN¿p-hm³ AÀl-cm-scópw aqóv Znhkw IqSp-t¼mÄ kvt\l-h-kvXn-hn-[nbpw am{Xm-hkvXn hn[nbpw Cu A²ym-b-¯nð hnh-cn-¡-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-óp.