A²ymbw þ 4

kvt\l-hym-]ðkn²n

hngm-e-cn, Bh-W-¡n³th-cv, aªÄ, I«p-]-tSm-ew, {Xn^-e, Nnä-ar-Xv, ]n¨-I-¯nsâ Xfn-cn-e, Icn-s\m-¨n-bn-e, Zi-aq-ew, Fen-s¨-hn-th-cv, th¸n³sXm-en, Icn-¦p-dp-ªn, sImó-s¯m-en, Ic-hocw Ch-bpsS Ijm-b-¯nð ae-¦m-c-¡, Iqh-fw thcv, tZh-Xm-cw, Ggn-e-¼m-e-s¯men, hb-¼v, cma-¨w, aªÄ, sIm«w, IpS-I-¸m-e-b-cn, aô-«n-t¡m-ev, Cc-«n-a-[p-cw, NXp-Ip-¸, sImSp-th-cn-¡n-g-§v, I¨q-cw, AS-hnI-¡-¨q-cw, ]pjvI-c-aqew Ch Ið¡-am¡n ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-¡pó ssXew ]m\w, A`yw-Kw, A\p-hm-k\w Fón-h-bn-eqsS {]-tbm-Kn-¨mð IpjvTw, Iran, {]ta-lw, AÀi-Êv, {Kl-Wo-tcm-Kw, \]pw-k-à, hnj-am-án, ae-tZm-jw, hmX-þ-]n-¯-þ-I-^-P-\y-amb tcmK-§Ä Fón-hsb \in-¸n-¡pw. hymbm-aw-sImïpw A²zm-\w-sImïpw tcmKhpw £oWhpw Dïm-bn-«p-Å-hÀ¡pw _ew £bn-¨-hÀ¡pw HmPÊv £bn-¨-hÀ¡pw kvt\l-hkvXn AXn-bmb _es¯ {]Zm\w sN¿p-ó-Xm-Ip-óp. ]mZw, IW-¦mð, XpS, ]pdw, Awk-{]-tZ-iw, Ac-s¡«v Fón-hbv¡v AXn-bmb ZrV-Xsb Dïm-¡pw. k´m-\-§-fp-ïm-Im¯ kv{XoIÄ¡pw ]pcp-j-òmÀ¡pw kvt\l-hkvXn k´m-t\m-ev]m-Z-\-I-c-am-Ip-óp.

hmXm-hr-Xw, 2. ]n¯m-hr-Xw, 3. I^m-hr-Xw, 4. AXn-bm-bn-¡-gn¨ Blmchpam-bn-«pÅ Bhr-Xw, 5. aem-hr-Xw, 6. Xotc Blmcw Ign-¡m-¯-h\v hkvXn sNbvXm-ep-ïm-Ipó tZmjw Fón-§ns\ Bdv hn[-¯nð kvt\l-h-kvXn-sImïv hym]-¯pïm-Ip-ó-Xm-Wv. hmXm-[n-Iy-¯nð XWp-¯Xpw kvt\lw Ipd-ª-Xp-amb kvt\l-h-kvXnbpw ]n¯m-[n-Iy-¯nð DjvW kvt\l-h-kvXnbpw I^m-[n-Iy-¯nð arZp-kvt\-l-h-kvXnbpw AXn-bmbn Blmcw Ign-¨-Xnð Kpcp-Xz-apÅ kvt\l-h-kvXnbpw ae-k-ô-b-ap-Å-Xnð _ew Ipdª kvt\l-h-kvXnbpw sNbvXmð AXm-Xn-\mð kvt\l-¯n\v Bh-cWw t\cn-SpI \nan¯w bYm-k-abw Xmtgm-«n-d-§n-hóp ]pd-t¯¡v t]mIp-ó-X-ñ. Blm-c-§-sfmópw Ign-¡m-¯-h-\nð kvt\l-hkvXn sNbvXmð DZcw iq\y-am-I-bmð Bh-c-W-§-sfm-óp-ap-ïm-Im-bvI-\n-an¯w kvt\lw taevt]m«v t]mIp-ó-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw. 6þ-hn-[-¯n-epï kvt\l hym]-¯p-IÄ Dïm-Ip-hm-\pÅ ImcWw C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-óp.

hmXm-hrX kvt\l-¯nsâ e£Ww þ Km{X-kvXw-`-\w, XpS XfÀ¨, hbdv hoÀ¸v, Pzcw, iqe, AwK-aÀ±-\w, ]mÀiz-th-Z-\, DtZz-jvS\w (D-cp-ïp-I-b-äw) Ch kvt\lw hmXm-hr-X-am-bm-ep-ïm-Ipó e£-W-§-fm-sWóv sshZy³ a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww. NnInðk-þ-kvt\-l-{Z-hyhpw A¾-{Z-hyhpw C´p¸pw tNÀ¯Xpw NqSp-ÅXpw Ac-¯, Nc-fw, ]mt¨män Ch Ac-¨p-tNÀ¯-Xp-amb \ncq-lw-sImïv kvt\ls¯ \ñ-h®w ]pd-t¯¡v If-b-Ww. tKmaq-{Xhpw _rlð]-ô-aq-e-I-jm-bhpw tNÀ¯ \ncq-lw-sImïpw hmXm-hr-X-amb kvt\ls¯ \ñ-Xp-t]mse ]pd-t¯¡v If-b-Ww. \ncq-lm-\-´cw tað]-dª kv\nKv²m¾ eh-Wm-Zn-IÄ kvt\l-]mI hn[n-{]-Imcw tNÀ¯p Im¨nb ssXew-sImïpw tKmaq-{X-¯nð alð]ôaqew Ið¡w tNÀ¯p Im¨nb ssXew-sImïpw Blm-c-\-´cw sshIp-tócw kvt\l-hkvXn sN¿-Ww.

]n¯m-hrX kvt\l e£-Whpw NnIn-Õbpw Np«p-\o-dð, ico-c-¯nð Nph-¸p-\n-dw, Zmlw, tamlw, Xa-I-izm-kw, Pzcw, Ch kvt\lw ]n¯m-hr-X-am-bm-ep-ïm-Ipó e£-W-am-sW-ó-dn-b-Ww. B kvt\ls¯ a[p-chpw Xn-à-hp-amb {Zhy-§-tf-s¡m-ïp-ïm-¡nb Ijm-b-h-kvXn-sImïv ]pd-t¯¡v If-b-Ww.