Aymbw 12

hmX Iem Ieobw

AYmtXm hmX-I-em-I-eob aymbw hymJym-kymax

CXn-l-kvaml `K-hm-\m-t{Xbx

1

C\n hmX Iem Ieobw F Aym-bs Bt{Xb `K-hm D]-tZ-in-Xp {]Imcw An-thi aljn hnh-cn-p-p.

hmX-Iem Iem-m-\-a-[n-IrXym ]c-kv]-c-ta-Xm\n Pnm-k-am\mx kaq-]-{]

hiy aljbx {]p-c-t\ym\yw  Inw KptWm hmbpx, Inaky {]tIm-]-Ww,

D]-i-a-\m\n hmky-Im-\n. IYwssN\a-kw-LmXh-a-\-h-kvXnXm a\m-km-

y-{]-tIm-]-W- {]ia\m\n {]tIm-]-bn {]i-a-b-n-h, Im\n-Nmky IhnXm I]n-Xky ico-c-N-cky ico-

tcjp NcXx ImWn _lnx ico-tc-t`ym-th-Xn.

2

hmbp-hns KpW-tZm-j- AYhm Awimw-i- Fn-hsb kw_-n-p Adnhv Hmtcm-cp-cpw Adn--Xns\ At\ym\yw Adn-bp-hm-\p Pnm-k-tbmSp IqSn aljn-am-sc-m-hcpw Hcp-an-n-cpv At\ym\yw tNmZn-p-hm XpS-n. hmbp-hns KpW-sav? hmbp-hs {]tIm-]-\-n\v Imc-W-sav? Aaq-ambpw (A-h-b-hmZn cln-X-am-bpw) An-c-ambpw Ccn-p-Xp sImv {]m]n-m Ign-bm hmbpsh {]tIm-]-W- {]tIm-]n-p-Ibpw {]i-a-\- ian-n-p-I-bpw sNp--sX-s\? {]tIm-]npw tIm]n-m-tXbpw ico-c-nepw ico-c-n-e-msX ]pdpw k-cn-p hmbp-hns ico-c--fn k-cnp sImp {]hn-sbv? ico-c-n \nv hnp ]pdp k-cnp sImp {]hn-sbv?

At{Xm-hmNIix kmwIr-Xym-b\x  cq-e-Lp-ioX Zmcp-W-Jc hniZmx jm

Unta hmX-KpWm `hn.

3

Atm B k`-bn \nv kmwIr-Xym-b-\-I-i ]dp  cq, eLp, ioXw Zmcp-Ww, Jcw, hniZw Fnh Bdv hmX-Kp-W-am-hp-p.

X{p-Xzm-hmIyw Ipam-c-incm `c-ZzmP DhmN  Ghta XZymYm `K-hm\m

l  GX-G-h-hm-X-KpWm `h-n. ktXzhw KpssW {Zsshy-tchw {]`m-ssh I-`n-c-`yky amss\ hmbpx {]tIm]am]-Zy-tX, kam-\-Kp-Wm-`ym-tkm-ln-[m-Xq\mw hrn-Im-c-W-an-Xn.

4

kmr-Ir-Xym-b\ Ipi ]d B hmv tInv Ipam-c-incm `c-Zzm-P ]d `K-hm ]d-Xv F{Xbpw icn-X-s-bm-Wv. hmbp-hns KpW- Cu ]d-Xp Xs-bm-Ip-p. B hmbp-hm-Is cqmZn KpW-ap--Xmb {Zhyw ioen-p-I-bmepw cqmZn {]`m-h-ap--Xmb Iw sNp-I-bmepw tIm]n-p--Xm-Ip-p. Fm kam-\-Kp-W-ap--Xmb Blmc hnIm-cm-Zn-I ioen-m [mXp--fpsS hrnv Imc-W-am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNpw.

X{pXzm hmIyw Imm-bt\m _mlnI `nj-Kp-hmN Gh-ta-X-Zy-Ym`

K-hm\mx GXm-t\l hmX-{]-tIm-]-Wm\n `h-n, AtXm hn]-co-Xm

\n Jezky {]i-a-\m\n `h-n, {]tIm-]\ hn]-cytbm ln [mXq\mw

{]ia Imc-W-anXn.

5

`mc-Zzm-P ]d B hmp tInv _mlnI tZi-nse sshZy-\mb Imm-b ]d-p. `K-hm ]d-Xv F{Xbpw icn Xs-bm-Wv. hmbp-hns {]tIm] Imc-W- Cu ]d-Xp Xs-bm-Ip-p. AXn \nv (cq-m-Zn-I-fn \nv) hn]-co-X-am-bn-p-h AXm-bXv kv\nKv[m-Zn-I hvXi-a-\-nv Imc-W-am-Ip-p. Fm {]tIm-]-W-nv hn]-co-X-am-bn-p-h [mXp--fpsS {]i-a-\-nv Imc-Whp-am-Ip-p.

X{pXzmhmIyw _Un-tim-[m-amh DhmN  Gh-ta-XZyYm `K-hm\m

lx GXm-t\yh hmX-{]-tIm] {]i-am\n`h-n,bYm-tly\akw-Lm

X a\-h-kvYnX a\m-kmZy {]tIm-]W {]i-a-\m\n {]tIm-]-b-nhm, X

Ym\p hymJym-kymax  hmX-{]-tIm-]-Wm\n Je ioX-Zm-cpWJc hni-Z-

kp-jn-c-I-cmWn ico-cm-Wmw, XYm-hn-tZjp ico-tcjp hmbp-cm-{ibw KXzmƒ

]ym-am\x {]tIm-]-am-]-Zy-tX, hmX-{]-i-a-\m\n]p\x kv\nKvZ-cqvW-

ar-Zp-]n-ne L\-I-cmWn ico-cm-Wmw, XYm-hn-tZjp ico-tcjp hmbp-c-k-Py-

am-\-iz-c {]imn-am-h-ZytX.

6

I-mb--\s hmp-tI-nv [mmh _Un-i ]dp `K-hm ]d-Xv F{Xbpw icn-bm-Wv. B ]d-h Xs-bmWv hmX-ns {]tIm-]-W-npw {]i-a-\-npw Imc-Ww. Fm A{]-Imcw Aaqhpw An-c-hp-amb hmbpsh {]m]n-msX {]tIm-]-W- tIm]n-n-p-Ibpw {]i-a-\- ian-n-p-Ibpw sNpp Fp-Xv hnh-cn-p-Xcmw. hmXs {]tIm-]n-n-p--Xmb {Zhy-fpw I-fpw \n-b-ambpw ico-c-v cqw, eLp, ioXw ZmcpWw, Jcw hni-Zw, kpjn-cw, Fn-h-bp-m-p-p. A{]-Im-c-ap ico-c--fn hmbp B{ibw {]m]np (kz-m-\s {]m]n-p) Ghpw hnp tIm]n-p--Xm-Ip-p. ]ns hmXs ian-n-p--Xmb {Zhy-fpw I-fpw ico-c-v kv\nKv[w , Kpcp, DjvWw, jvWw, arZp, ]nn-ew, L\w Fn-hsb Dm-p-p. A{]-Im-c-ap ico-c--fn hmbp ko-I-cnp \npw tIm]n-msX ico-c-n k-cnp im-ambn nXn sNp-p.

X{ipXzm _Un-i-h-N-\-a-hn-X-Y-ar-jn-K-ssW-c-\p-a-X-ap-hmN hmtcym-hn-tZm-

cm-Pjn, Gh-ta-Xk--an-h-hmZw, bYm `K-hm-\mx, bm\nXp Jep-

hmtbmx Ip]n-Xky icocm ico-c-]-cyky ico-tcjp NcXx ImWn _lnx

ico-tct`ym hm`hntXj-mahbhm{]Xy-m-\p-amt\m]amss\x

km[-bnXzm \a-kvIrXym hmbsh bYm-in {]h-ymax.

7

_Un-i-h-N\w kXy-am-sWv aljn-am-sc-m-hcpw k-Xn-p. AXp tInv hmtcy-thZn aljn ]dp `K-hm ]d--sXmw Xs bmsXm-c-]-hm-Z-hp-an-m--Xm-Ip-p. tIm]n-m-sXbpw ico-c-nepw ]pdpw k-cn-p hmbp-hns ico-c--fn k-cn-p-sImp {]hn Fm-sWpw ico-c--fn \nv hnv ]pdp k-cn-p-sIm-p {]hn Fm-sWpw hmbp `K-hms\ hn-nv Ah-bpsS Ah-b-h-sf {]Xy-w, A\p-am-\w, D]-am\w Fn-h-I-fm Rm Adn-n-Sm-tmfw Ign-hn--\p-k-cnv hnh-cnp Xcmw (C-hnsS Ah-b-h-sf hnh-cnp Xcm-sav ]d-Xv sImv hmbp-hns {]hn At\-I-am-sWpw Ah-sbmw hnh-cn-pI ITn-\-am-sWpw AXp-sImv GXm\pw Nne AwK-sf hnh-cnp Xcm-sapw Aw.

hmbpkvX-{-b-{-[cx {]mtWm-Zm\ kam-\-hym-\m-]m-am-m, {]hIt

jvSm\m-ap-m-h-N-\mw, \nb{m {]tW-XmN a\kx kt-{n-bm-Wm-ap-tZym

-K-Icx, kt-{n-bmm\m-a-`n-thm-Vm. ki-co-c-[m-Xp-hy-l-I--cx-\-m

-\-Icx ico-c-ky, {]h-tIm-hmN {]IrXnx kv]i i_vZ-tbmtlm t{im{X-kv]

i-\-tbmaq-ew, ltjm-m-l-tbm-tcym\nx kao-ctWmƒ

ttmj kw

tim-jWx t]vXm-_-ln-em-\mw, kvXqem-Wp-t{imX kmwt`-m, Im

K`m-Ir-Xn\mw Bbp-tjm-ƒ\p-hrn {]Xy-`qtXm `h-Xy-I-]nXx.

8

ico-c-cq-]-am-Ip b{s Nen-n-p-Xv ([m-Xp--fpsS \nb-a-fpw {]h-\-fpw [cn-p--Xv) hmbp-hm-Ip-p. {]mW, DZm-\, kam-\, hym\, A]m-\-\ Fn-s\ Ap cq]-t`-Z--tfmSp IqSn-b-Xm-Ip-p. Fm-hn[ tNjvS-I-fp-tSbpw D-\o-N--fp-tSbpw {]h\ Imhv hmbp-hm-Ip-p. a\-ns\ \nb-{n-p-Xpw {]hp-p-Xpw hmbp-hm-Ip-p. Npx-t{im-{XmZn Fm C{n-b-pw DtZymKw sImSp-p-Xv hmbp-hm-Ip-p. ico-c-n-\p Fm [mXp-tfbpw Xs Xs m\v \np-Xpw hmbp-hm-Ip-p. ico-c-ns AwK-{]-Xyw-K-sf tbmPn-np \np-Xpw hmbp-hm-Ip-p. hmns\ {]hn-n-p-Xpw kv]i--i-_vZ--fpsS {]Ir-Xnbpw tmt{X-{n-b-n-tbpw kv]ti-{n-b-n-tbpw aqe-Im-cWw hmbp-hm-Ip-p. CjvS-{]m-]vXn-bn-ep-m-Ip B\--n-tbpw Dm-l--n-tbpw Dd-hnSw hmbp-hm-Ip-p. PT-cm-nsb hn-n-p-Xpw tZmZn tZmj-sf timjn-n-p-Xpw -a-e-sf hnkn-n-p-Xpw kvXqehpw kqva-hp-amb t{imX-p-m-p-Xpw K` inip-hn\v BIrXn sImSp-p-Xpw Pohn-n-cn-p-ptm F-dn-bm Imc-W-am-bn-cn-p-Xpw tIm]n--s-Sm hmbphmIp-p.

Ip]n-kvXp-Jep ico-tc-i-cocw \m\m-hn-ss[ hnIm-ssc-cp-]-X-]Xn _e-h--kp-Jm-bpjm ap]-Lm-Xmb at\m-hym-lj-b-Xn, kt-{n-bm-Wyp-]-l-n, hn\n-ln K`m hnIr-Xn-am-]m-Z-b-Xy-Xn-Imew [mc-b-Xn, `btim-I-tam-l-ssZ-\ym[n {]em]m P\-bXn, {]mWmwiv tNm ]cp-W-n.

9

hmbp tIm]np ico-c-n k-cn-p-I-bm-sW-n \m\m-hn[ tcmK--fm ico-cs ]oTn-n-p--Xm-Ip-p. _ew, hw, kpJw, Bbpv Fn-hbvv \mi-sbpw Dm-pw, a\-ns\ Cf-pw. Fm C{n-b--sfbpw \in-n-pw. K`s \in-n-pw. K`s hnIr-X-ampw AYhm bYm ka-bv {]k-hn-msX K`s A[n-I-\m [cnp \np-Ibpw sNpw. `bw, ZpxJw, tamlw, Zo\-X, {]em]w Fn-hsb Dm-pw, kzmks XSbpw AXm-bXv ac-W-n\v Imc-W-am-bn-o-cp-Ibpw sNpw.

{]Ir-Xn-`q-Xky Jezky temtI-N-cXx Im-Wo-am\n `hn XZyYm  [c-Wo-[m-cWw, Pze-t\m-Pzm-e\w BZn-Xy-N-{-\--{X-{K-lmWmw km\ KXn-hn-[m\mw krjvSn taLm\mw, A]mw N hnk, {]h\w t{kmXkmw ]pjv] ^em\mw Nm`n \n\w DZvt`-Z\w N HuZv`nZm\mw EXq\mw {]hn-`mKx, hn`mtKm [mXq-\mw, [mXp-am\ kwm\ hynx, _oP-m`n kwkvmcx kkym`nh-\w, hnt-tZm]timj-Wa sshIm-cnI hnIm-cm-tXn.

10

{]im--\mbn Cu temI-n Nen-p hmbp-hns I- Cu ]d-bp--h-bm-Ip-p. AXm-bXv `qansb [cn-p-I, Ansb Pzen-n-p-I, BZn-Xy, N{k \-{X-, {Kl- Fn-h-bpsS KXn-hn-[m-\s {Ia-s-Sp-p-I, taL-sf Dm-p-I, shs hjn-p-I, \Zn apX-em-b-hsb {]hn-n-p-I, ^e-sf Dm-p-I, hnp-Isf apf-n-p-I, EXp-sf `mKn-p-I, [mXp-{Z-hy-sf hn`-Pn-p-I, [mXp-{Z-hy--fpsS ]cn-Wma IrXn-Isf hy-am-p-I, _oP-v apf-p-hm-\p in Dm-pI kky-sf hfp-I, DW-msX \nt--Xns\ DW-msX \np-I, DW-t--Xns\ DW-pI Fn-h-bm-Ip-p.

{]Ip-]n-Xky Jezky temtIjp NcXx Im-Wo-am\n `hn XZymYmD]o-T\w kmK-cm-Wmw, DZz\w kc-kmw, {]Xn-k-c-W-am-]-Km-\mw, AI--\--`qtax, B[-a-\-aw-_p-Zm-\mw, inJcn inJ-cm-h-a-Y\w, D-Y\w at\m-I-lm-\mw. \olmc \n{lmZ]mwkp-kn-I-Xm-a-y-t`tImcK-m-c-cp-[n-cm-ivam-i\n hnkx hym]m-Z-\jm-ar-Zq-\mw, kkym\mw Akw-LmXx `qXm-\mw-tNm-]-k, `hm\mw Nm`m-h-I-c-Ww, NZp-cyp-KmIcmWmwtaL kqcym-\n-em\mw

hnkx.

11

{]Ip-]n-X-ambn temI-n k-cn-p hmbp-hns {]hrn C{]-Im-c-am-Ip-p. IS-en tm`-ap-m-p-I, Pem-i-b--fn shap-bpI, \Zn-Isf hn]-co-X-ambn Hgp-p-I, `qI--ap-m-p-I, taLK-\-ap-m-p-I, ]-X--fpsS sImSp-apSn DS-bvp-I, ac-sf Xn-bn-Sp-I, av, `oI-c-[z-\n, s]mSn, ]qgn, ayw, Xh-f, ]mv, mcw (`-kvaw) cw, sNdp Ip-I CSn-obv Ce hjn-n-pI, Bdv EXp--fp-tSbpw kz`mhw amp-I, kky-sf On-`n--am-p-I, `qX-]oT (tcm-Km-Wp--sf) ]c-pI D-Xns\ Cm-Xm-p-I, \mev bpK--sfbpw Ah-km-\n-n-p--Xn taLw, kqcy, An, hmbp Fn-hsb t{]cn-n-pI Fn-h-bm-Ip-p.

k ln `Khm {]-`-h-m-hy-b-, `qXm\mw `mhm-`m-h-Icx kpJm-kp-

J-tbmhn-[m-Xm, arXypx, btam, \nb-, {]Pm-]-Xnx, AZn-Xnx, hniz-I

m, hniz-cq-]x, k-Kx, k-X-{mWmw hn[mXm`mh-\m-a-Wphn-`p

 hnjvWpx {Imm-tem-Im\mw hmbp-tch `K-hm CXn. X{kpXzm hmtcym

hnZhtNm amco-Nn-cp-hm-N.

12

Fm B hmbp `K-hm Fm-n-tbpw DZv`-h-n\v Imc-Whpw A-hy-b-hp-am-Ip-p. k-i-n-I-fp-tSbpw Dev]m-Z-I\pw \miI\p-am-Wv. kpJ-tbpw ZpxJtbpw Dm-p--h-\m-Wv. arXyphpw, ba\pw, \nb-m-hpw, {]Pm-]-Xn-bpw, JWvUnm Ign-bm--h-\pw, hniz-Im-hpw, hniz-cq-]-\pw, k-hym-]n-bpw, k-X-{--fpsS hn[m-Xmhpw k-`m-h-v AWphpw, hn`phpw, hnjvWphpw, temI-tP-Xm-hpw, Cu hmbp-`-K-hm Xs-bm-Ip-p. hmtm-hn-Z C{]-Imcw ]d-Xv tInv amcoNn ]d-p.

bZy-t]y-h-ta-X Ina-kym-ky- h-Nt\ hnm-t\hm kmay-akvXn `nj-Kzn-Zym-bmw, `nj-Kzn-Zymw-Nm-[n-IrXym Ghw IYm {]hr-tXn.

13

CsXmw C-s\-X-s-bm-sW-nepw Cu hmbp-hns KpW-tZm-j-sf ]d-bp-Itbm Adn-bp-Itbm sNbvX-Xn sshZy-hn-Zybvv FmWv {]tbm-P\w? sshZy hnZysb kw_-np Cu IY Fv sNpp?

hmtcym-hnZ Dhm-N `nj-Iv]-h-\-aXn]cp-j-aXn ioJ Imc-W-amXy bnIw tNm-\p-\n-i-tay klkm {]Ip-]n-X-a-Xn-{]bXx IY-at{Kƒ `nc

n-Xp-a`n [mkym Xn{]mtK-ssh-\-a-Xy-b-`-bm-Zn-Xn. htbmcyYm-kvXpXnc

]n `h-Xym-tcm-Kymb _e-h-hr-tbh-kzn-Xzm-tbm-]-N-bm-b-mt\m

]]-tb ]c-ambpx {]Ijm-b-tNXn.

14

htcym-hn-Z ]dp  AXn _e-hm\pw AXn ]pcp-j\pw AXn io{L-Im-cnbpw B]-c-\p-amb hmbpsh sshZy Adn-bp-n-s-n s]sv hmbp tIm]np Atm Xs A]mbw Dm-p--Xn \nv tbmKnsb {]b-Xv\-io-e-\mb sshZy s]-v F-s\ cnpw. hmbp-`-K-hms bYm kvXpXn t]mepw Btcm-Ky-tbpw _e-tbpw h{]km-Z-tbpw hn-n-pw, tXP-p-m-pw, ]pjvSn-bp-m-pw, m\w hn-n-pw, Bbpv hn-n-p-Ibpw sNpw.

amco-Nn-cp-hmN  An-tc-h-i-cotc ]nm-Xx Ip]nXm Ip]nXx ip`m

iq`m\n ItcmXn XZymYm  ]n-a-]nw Zi-\-a-Z\w am{Xm-am-{XXzaq

jvaWx {]IrXn hnIrXn hw iucyw `bwt{Im[wlj-tamlw{]kmZ-an-

tXyh amZo\nNm]-cmWn Zzzm\oXn.

15

hmtcym-hn-X ]d-Xv tInv amcoNn ]dp hmbp-am-{X-a-. ico-c-n ]nm--X-am-bn-cn-p Anbpw (]m-NI ]nw, cRvPI ]nw, km[I ]nw, Btem-NI ]nw, {`mNI ]nw Fn-h-bpw) tIm]n-m Aip-`-tbpw, tIm]n-m-Xn-cp-m ip`-tbpw Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. AXv F{]-Im-c-sa-m ]mNI ]nw tIm]n-m-Xn-cp-m ]N-\-tbpw tIm]n-m An-am-y-tbpw Dm-pw. BtemNI ]nw tIm]n-m-Xn-cp-m ImgvN-tbbpw tIm]n-m ImgvN-bn-m-bva-sbbpw Dm-pw. {`mPI ]nw tIm]n-m-Xn-cp-m ico-c-n-ep NqSns\ th-Xp-t]mse \np-Ibpw tIm]n-m NqSns am{X sXp-Ibpw sNp-p. cRvPI ]nw tIm]n-m-Xn-cp-m ico-c-n\v {]Ir-X-amb h-tbpw tIm]n-m hnIr-X-amb h-tbpw Dm-p-p. km[I ]nw Ip]n-Xm-Ip-]n-X-am-bm iuw--`-bw, t{Im[w, ktm-jw, tamlw--{]-km-Zw apX-em-bh Zzz-`m-h--tfbpw Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p.

X{ipXzm amco-Nn-hNx Imiy] D]m-Nx tkma-tbh icotctjvam

-Xx Ip]nXm Ip]nXx ip`w ip`m\n Itcm-Xn XZrYmZmVywssi

Yn-ey-ap-]-NbwImiy-apkm-l-am-ekywEjXmwo_Xmwm\-a-m\w

_pnwtaml-ta-h-am-Zo\n Nm]-cmWn Zzzm-Zo\n CXn.

16

amcoNn ]d-Xp tInv Imiy-] ]d-p, I^-n A-X-am-bn-cn-p tkmam (P-emw-iw) Xs-bmWv ico-c-n Ip]n-X-am-bm Aip-`-tbpw AIp-]n-X-am-bm ip`-tbpw sNp AXv Fns\ Fm  ZrV-X--in-Yn-e-Xm, ]pjvTn, Iri-Xm, m\wAm\w, _pn--tamlw Fo Zz-`m-h--tfbpw CXp-t]m-ep av Zz-`m-h--sfbpw I^w, Ip]n-Xm-Ip-]n-X-am-bm Dm-p--Xm-Ip-p. (A-Xm-bXv I^w AIp-]n-X-am-bm ZrV-X, ]pjvSn, Dm-lw, ssaYp-\-i-n, m\w, _pn apX-em-b-hbpw {]tIm-]n-X-am-bm inYn-e-X, Iri-X, Bekyw, Am-\w, tamlw apX-em-b-hbpw Dm-p--Xm-sW-w. I^hpw Ap-hn-[-n-em-Ip-p. 1. Dc-n nXn sNp Ah-ew-_-I, 2. Bam-i-b-n nXn sNp tZ-Iw, 3. \mhn nXnsN-p _m[-Iw, 4 inc-n nXn sNp X-Iw, 5. kn-I-fn nXn sNp tjva-Iw. I^w Cu Ap m\--fn nXn sNbvXp AXmXv m\-n--\p-k-cn {]hrn sNbvXp icocs [cn-p-p.

X{ipXzm Im]y-htNm `K-hm ]p\h-p-cm-t{Xb DhmN k Gh `

h-. kay-Km-lp-c-\y-ss{X-Xm-nIeh-N-\m, kGhJ-ep- hm-X--]n

 tjvamWx {]IrXn `qXx ]pcp-j-a-hym-]-t-{Znbw _e-h kptJm]

]--am-bpjm al-tXm-]-]m-X-b-n, kay-tK-hm-N-cnXm [n-Im-am-bn-h

\nx tb-t\ al-tXm] ]mZ-bn ]pcp-j-anl Nmap-jvanw temIx hn

Ir-Xm-kvtXz\w al-Xm-hn-]-cy-tbW D]-]m-Z-b-n, EX-h-kv{Xb Ch hnIr-Xn

-am-] temI-`-ip-t`-t\m-]-LmX Imte CXn.

17

Imiy-] ]d-Xp tInv ]p\hkp ]d-p, \n Fm-hcpw ]d-Xv icn-X-s-bm-Wv. Fm Hmtcm-tm-tcm-mbn ]d-Xv icn-b-. hmX--]n---I-^--sfmw Xs kmaym-h--bn \nm am{Xta a\p-jy\v C{n-b-v inbpw ico-c-_-ehpw h-{]-km-Zhpw ZoLm-bppw th-Xp-t]m-se-bp-m-hp-I-bp-q. AXv F{]-Im-c-sa-m th-Xp-t]mse BN-cn-p [m Ima- a\p-jy\n Cl-te-I-nepw ]c-tem-I-nepw al-mb kpJ-n\v (ap-n-v) Imc-W-am-bn-o-cp--Xp-t]m-se-bm-Ip-p. hmX--]n---I-^- hnIr-X-am-bm a\p-jys\ hn A]-n-em-gvp-Ibpw sNpw. AXv F{]-Im-c-sa-m ioX--D-jvW--hj e-W--tfmSp IqSnb tla {Kojva hj EXp- hnIr-X-am-bm {]f-b-Im-ev Cu temI-ns \mi-n\v Imc-W-am-bn-o-cp-Xp t]mse-bm-Ip-p.

FX-Zr-jybx {ipXzmkGhm-\p-ta-\ntchN-\-am-t{X-bky`K-htXmƒ

`n\-\ptXn.

18

Bt{X-b-`-K-hms Cu hmp tInv Ejn-am-scmw Xs ktm-jn-p-Ibpw `K-hms\ A`n-\-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

`h-Xn-Nm-{Xm

XZm-t{X-b-h-Nx-{ipXzm k-G-hm-\p-ta-\ntc

Ej-tbmƒ-`n-\-p btY-{-h-N\w kpcmx

19

{XntZm-j-sf kw_-nv Bt{Xb `K-hm ]d-Xp tInv tZth{ hN\w tZh-m-sc t]mse Ejn-am-sc-m-hcpw k-Xn-p-Ibpw A`n-\-n-p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

X{X-tm-Iu

KpWmx-j-UvZzn-hnt[m tlmXphn-hn[w I-b]p\x

hmtbm--Xpn[w I-]r-YIvN I^-]n--tbmx

aljoWmw aXnbmbm ]p\hkp aXn-bm

Iem-I-en-tb-hm-Xky Xkw kw {]Im-inXw

20

hmbp-hns 6  KpW 2 hn[-tlXp, hnhn[ hn[-n-ep Iw I^-n-tbpw ]n-n-tbpw {]tXyIw {]tXy-I-amb I-, aljn-am-cpsS A`n-{]m-b- `K-hm ]p\h-kp-hns \nbw Fn-h-sbmw Xs Cu hmX-Iem Ieo-bm-ym-b-n hnh-cn--s-n-cn-p-p.

CXy-n-thi IrtX Xt{ Nc-I-{]Xn kwkv-IrtX

kq{X-mt\ hmX-I-em-I-eo-tbm-\ma ZzmZ-timƒ-ymbx