A²ymbw 13

kvt\lm-²ymbw

AYmXx kvt\lm-²ymbw hymJym-kymax CXn-l-kvaml `K-hm-\m-t{Xbx

1

C\n kvt\lm-²ymbw Fó A²y-bs¯ Bt{Xb `K-hm³ D]-tZ-in-¨-Xp-{]-Imcw Xsó ChnsS Aán-th-i-a-lÀjn hnh-cn-¡póp.

kmwssJy-Êw-JymX kwtJyssbx klm-ko\w ]p\ÀÆkpw PK-²n-XmÀ°m ] {]Ñ-h-Ón-thix kzkw-i-bw.

2

kmwJy-tbm-K-Úm-\-òm-cp-sam-¯n-cn-¡pó `K-hm³ ]p\À-h-kp-hn-t\mSv Aán-th-k³ temI-ln-XmÀ°w Xsâ kz´w kwibw tNmZn-¨p.

Inwtbm-\bx IXn-kvt\lmx tI Nkvt\-l-KpWm ]rYIv Imtem\p ]m\tI IkyI XnImtÝ hnNm-cWmx IXn-am{Xmx IYw-am\m ImN tIjp]-Zn-iytX IÝ-tI-t`ym-lnXx kvt\lx {]IÀjx kvt\lm-\-NIx kvt\lymx tI tI\N kv\nKv²m kv\nKv²mXn kv\nKv² e£Ww Inw]m-\mð {]Y-aw-]otX PoÀt®-InwN lnXm-lnXw tIar-Zp-{Iq-c-tImjvTx Imhym-]Zx kv\nKv²-b-ÝIx AtÑ-kw-tim-[-t\-ssNh kvt\tlIm hr¯n-cn-jytX hnXm-ctWmx tIjp-tbmPym hn[m\m tI\-Xð{]t`m kvt\l-kym-an-X-hn-Úm\ imUv{X-an-Ñm-an-th-ZnXpw

3   4   5   6   7

kvt\l-§-fpsS DÛ-h-Øm\w GXm-Ipóp?  kvt\lw F{X hn[-am-Ipóp?  {]tXyIw {]tXyIw kvt\l-§-fpsS KpWw GXm-Ipóp?  Hmtcm kvt\l-¯n-tâbpw Imehpw A\p-]m-\hpw F´v?  kvt\l-¯nsâ BNm-c-sa´v?  AXnsâ am{X F{X?  BÀs¡ñmw GsXñmw Af-hnð sImSp¡mw?  GtX-XmÄ¡v GsXñmw kvt\lw lnX-am-Ipóp?  kv\nKv²X hcp-¯phm³ kvt\lw F{X\vÄ hsc D]-tbm-Kn¡mw?  kv\nKv²X hcp-t¯-ï-h-cmcv?  hcp-¯m-Xn-cn-t¡-ï-h-cmcv?  kv\nKv²X hó-Xn-tâbpw hcm-¯-Xn-tâbpw e£-W-sa´v?  kvt\l-]-T-\-¯nóv ap¼pw kvt\lw Zln-¨mepw lnXhpw Aln-X-hp-am-bn-«p-Å-sX´v?  arZp-tIm-jp-òmcpw {Iqc-tIm-jp-òmcpw Btc?  kvt\l-hym-]-s¯´v?  AXn-ópÅ {]Xn-hn[n F´v?  AÑ-]m-\-¯nepw kwi-a-\-¯nepw kwtim-[-\-¯nepw {]tbm-Kn-¡pó kvt\l-¯nð F´p-]-Nmcw ioen-¡-Ww.  kvt\lm-Nmcw Bcn-emWv tbmPn-¡pI?  AXv GXv hn[n-{]-Im-c-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-¡pI Fón-hsb kw_-Ôn-s¨-ñm-apÅ imkv{Xw Añtbm {]t`m!  kvt\l-hn-j-b-¯nð AKm-[-]m-WvUn-Xy-apÅ AwK-bnð \nóv Adn-bp-hm³ Rm³ B{K-ln-¡póp.

AY-Xð kwi-tb-tѯm {]Xyp-hmN ]p\ÀÆkpx kvt\lm\mw Zznhn-[m-kuay tbm\nx Ømh-c-Pw-Kam

8

A\-´cw Aán-th-isâ B kwibw XoÀ¡p-hm-\mbn `K-hm³ ]p\ÀÆkp D¯cw ]d-ªp.  tl kuay!  kvt\l-§-fpsS DÛ-h-km-Ym\w kvXmh-c-saópw PwK-a-saópw cïp-hn-[-¯n-em-Ipóp.

Xnex {]nbm-fm-`n-jpIu hn`n-XIþ Ýn{Xm-`-ssb-cWvU a[qI kÀj]mx Ikpw-`\n _mcpI aqe-Im-Xko \ntIm-T-Im-t£mS IcRvP in{KnImx kvt\lm-{ibx Ømh-c-kw-Ún-Xm-kvXYm kqÀPmw-Ktam aÕy-ar-Km-k-]-£nWx tXjmw Z[n-£oc LrXm-an-jw-hkm kvt\ljp aÖmN XtYm-]-Zn-iytX.

9         10

FÅv, apcÄa-c-¡m-b, \oc-fw, Xm\n-¡, Nphó Bh-W-¡v, ISp-¡, Bh-W-¡v, Ccn-¸, ISpIv, Ipbv¼v, th¸v, tNÀ¡-cp, aqte-cn, AX-kn, At¦m-ew, At{Im-«v, D§v, apcn§ Ch Ømhcw Fóv ]d-bpó kvtllm-{i-b-tbm-\n-I-fm-Ip-óp.  Ah-bpsS kvt\l-§-fnð ssXcv, ]mð s\¿v, amwkw, hk, aÖ Fónh \nÀt±-in-¡-s¸-Spóp.

kÀtÆjmw ssXe-Pm-Xmamw Xne-ssXe {]i-kytX _emÀt° kvt\lt\ Nm{Ky-ssa-cWvUw Xp hntc-Nt\.

11

_e-¯nópw kv\nKv²X hcp-¯p-hm\pw Fñm ssXe-§-fnepw  sh¨v FsÅ® Gähpw \ñ-Xm-Ip-óp.  hntc-N-\-¯nóv Fñm ssXe-§-fnepw sh¨v Bh-W-s¡® D¯-a-am-Ipóp.

kÀ¸n-kvssXew hkm-aÖm kÀh-kvt\-tlm-¯-am-aXmx G`y-ssÝ-thm-¯aw kÀ¸nx kwkvIm-c-kym-\p-hÀ¯-\mð

12

s\¿v ssXew, hk, aÖ Ch Fñm kvt\l-§-fnepw h¨v D¯-a-am-Ip-óp.  Ch-bnð h¨v s\¿v Gähpw t{ijvT-am-Ip-óp.  ImcWw kwkv¡-cn-¡p-ó-Xnsâ KpWs¯ A\p-hÀ¯n-¡p-ó-Xp-sIm-ïv.  AXm-bXv Xsâ KpWs¯ XyPn-¡msX kwkvIm-cmÀ°w tNÀ¡pó aäv Huj-[-§-fpsS KpW-§sf hln-¡p-ó-Xm-sW-óÀ°w.  ssXem-Zn-I-fnð Cu KpWw Cñ, DZm-l-c-W-¯nóv Nµ-\mZn ssXe-¯nð ioX-ho-cy-ap-Å-Xmb Nµ-\mZn Huj-[-§-fpsS tbmKw sImïv ssXe-¯nsâ DjvWX \in-¡p-Ibpw AXv Zmlm-Zn-Isf ian-¸n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-óp.

Lrw]n-¯m-\n-e-lcw ck-iq-{Iu-P-kmw-lnXw \nÀhm]Ww arZp-Icw kzc-hÀ® {]km-Z\w

13

s\¿v ]n¯-t¯bpw hmX-t¯bpw ian-¸n-¡pw.  ck-¯n-ópw, ip¢-¯n\pw HmP-Ên\pw \ñ-Xm-Ip-óp.  Np«p-\o-d-ens\ (A-Xy-án-sb) ian-¸n-¡pw.  ico-c-¯nóv amÀ±-h-ap-ïm-¡pw.  kzc-{]-km-Z-t¯bpw hÀ®-{]-km-Z-t¯bpw Dïm-¡pw.

amcp-XLv\w \ N tÇjva hÀ²\w _e-hÀ²\w XzNy-apjvWw Ønc-Icw ssXew tbm\n hntim-[\w

14

ssXew, hmXs¯ ian-¸n-¡pw.  I^s¯ hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-I-bn-ñ, _es¯ hÀ²n-¸n-¡pw, sXmen¡v \ñ-Xm-Ip-óp.  DjvW-ap-Å-Xm-Wv, amwkm-Zn-IÄ¡v Ønc-Xsb (Zr-V-X-sb) Dïm-¡pw.  tbm\n ip²n-h-cp-¯p-Ibpw sN¿pw.

hn²-`-ám-lX {`jvS-tbm\n IÀ®-in-tcm-XPn ]ucpt-tjm-]-Ntb kvt\l-hym-bm-ta-tN-jy-tX-hkm.

15

ico-c-¯nð apdn-th-ä-Xnepw Fñv apX-em-bh s]m«n-t¸m-sb-¦nepw ASn apX-em-bh Gäp NX-ªp-t]m-b-Xnepw tbm\n¡v Øm\-{`wiw hó-Xnepw IÀ®-iq-e-bnepw Xe-th-Z-\-bnepw ]ucpjw (ip-¢w) hÀ²n-t¡-ïp-ó-Xnepw ico-c-¯nóv kv\nKv²X hcp-¯p-ó-Xnepw hymbm-a-¯nepw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-hm³ hk \ñ-Xm-Ip-óp.

_e-ip¢ ck-tÇ-jwa tatZ-a-Ö-hn-hÀ²\x aÖm-hn-ti-j-tXmƒ-Øv\m-ô-_-e-Irð kvt\l-t\-lnXx

16

aÖ tkhn-¨mð _ew, ip¢w, ckw, I^w, tZa-Êv, aÖ Fónh hÀ²n-¡pw.  hnti-jn¨v AØn¡v _e-ap-ïm-Ipw.  ico-c-¯nóv kv\nKv²X hcp-¯p-hm\pw \ñ-Xm-Ip-óp.

kÀ¸n ic-Zn-]m-X-hyw, hkm-a-ÖmN am[th ssXew {]mhr-jn, \mXypjvW iotX kvt\lw ]nt_-ócx

17

ic-Xv-E-Xp-hnð s\¿v tkhn-¡-Ww.  hkbpw aÖbpw hk-´-E-Xp-hnð tkhn-¡-Ww.  hÀj-E-Xp-hnð ssXew tkhn-¡-Ww.  AXyp-jvW-Im-e¯pw ssiXy-Im-e¯pw kvt\l-]m\w sN¿-cpXv.     

hmX-]n-¯m-[ntI cm{Xm-hpjvtW Nm]n ]nt_-ócx tÇjvam-[ntI Znhm iotX-]nw-t_-¨m-a-e-`m-kvItc.

18

hmX-]n-¯m-[n-Iy-¯nepw AXyp-jvW-Im-e¯pw a\p-jy³ cm{Xn-bnð kvt\l-]m\w sN¿-Ww.  I^m-[n-Iy-¯nepw ioX-Im-e¯pw ]Ið kqcy³ ImÀta-Lw-sImïv aqS-s¸-SmsX \nÀ½-e-am-bn-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ kvt\l-]m\w sN¿Ww.

AXyp-jvtWhm Znhm ]otXm hmX-]n-¯m-[n-tI\ N aqÀÑmw ]n]m-km-ap-òmZw Imaemw hm kao-c-tbð

19

AXyp-jvW-Im-et¯m AYhm hmX-]n-¯m-[n-Iy-¯ntem ]Ið kvt\l-]m\w sNbvXmð tamlm-e-ky-t¯tbm X®oÀZm-l-t¯tbm Dòm-Z-t¯tbm Iman-em-tcm-K-t¯tbm Dïm¡pw.

iotX cm{Xu ]n_³kvt\lx \cx tÇjvam-[n-tIm-]nhm B\m-k-a-cpNn iqemw ]mWvUpXmw hm kap-ÑXn.

20

ioX-Im-e-¯ntem I]m-[n-Iy-ap-Å-ht\m cm{Xn-bnð kvt\l-]m\w sNbvXmð taðh-bdv hoÀt¸m Acp-Nntbm iqetbm (h-b-änð thZ-\-tbm) ]mWvUp-tcm-Ktam DïmIpw.

Pe-apjvWw LrtX-tN-bw,-bp-j-kvssX-teƒ-\p-i-kytX akm-a-tÖm-kvXp-aWvUx kymð kÀtÆjpjvWaYmw-_phm.

21

s\¿v tkhn-¨mð A\p-]m-X-ambn NqSn-shÅw IpSn-¡-Ww.  hkbpw aÖbpw tkhn-¨mð AXnsâ aosX aWvUw (I-ªn-bpsS sXfn-sh-Åw) IpSn-¡-Ww.  AYhm Fñm kvt\l-]m-\-¯nepw AXnsâ aosX NqSp-shÅw IpSn-¡m-hp-ó-Xm-Wv.  (`-ñm-XI kvt\l-¯oepw Xph-cI kvt\l-¯nepw A\p-]m-\-ambn NqSp-shÅw IpSn-¡p-hm³ ]mSn-sñ-ómWv kp{ip-X-¯nð ]d-ªn-«p-ÅXv.)

HmZ-\Ý hnte]o N ctkm-amwkw ]tbm-Z[n bhmKpx kp]-imIu N bpjx Imw_-fnIx Jfx kà-h-kvXne ]njvSô aZyw telm-kvX-ssYh N `£ym-a-`y-RvP\w hkvXnX-Ym-tNm-¯c hkvXbx KWvUpjx IÀ®-ssX-eÝ \kyw IÀ®m-£n-XÀ¸Ww NXpÀhn-i-Xn-cn-tXymXx kvt\lky {]hn-Nm-cWmx

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tNmdv, hnte]n (sh-Åw Ipdª Iªn), amó-c-kw, amwkw, ]mð, ssXcv, Iªn, ]cn-¸v, Ce-¡-dn, [m\y-bq-jw, Imw_-fnI (km-¼m-dv), ap¡p-Sn, aeÀs¸m-Sn, FÅp-ï, aZyw, telyw C¯cw `£-W-]-ZmÀ°-§-fnð tNÀ¯p-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-hm\pw taðtX-¸v, hkvXn, D¯-c-h-kvXn, IhnÄ{In-b, ImXn-ep-än-¡ð, \kyw, IÀ®-]q-c-Ww, t\{X-XÀ¸Ww Fón-h-bnð D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-hm-\mbn kvt\l-{Z-hy-¯nsâ {]tbm-P\w 24 hn[-¯n-em-Ipóp.

AÑ-t]-bkvXp bx kvt\tlm \Xm amlpÀ hnNm-cWmw kvt\-lky k `njIv ZrjvSx Ið]x {]mY-a-Ið-]n-Iw.

25

bmsXmcp kvt\lw X\n¨p ]m\w sN¿p-hm³ ]d-b-s¸-«pthm B kvt\l-]m-\-hn[n Cu hnh-c-W-¯nð s]Sp-ón-ñ.  kvt\l-¯nsâ B AÑ-]m-\-hn[n Gähpw tbmPn¨ Iev]-am-sWómWv sshZy-a-Xw.

cssk-tÝm-]-lnXx kvt\lx kam-k-hym-k-tbm-Kn`nx jÄ`n-kv{Xn-j-jvSn-[m-kwJymx {]m]vt\m-tXy-IÝ tIhex Gh-ta-jm-NXpx jjvSnx kvt\lm\mw {]hn-Nm-cWm HmIÀ¯p-hym[n ]pcp-jm³ {]tbm-Pym-Pm-\-Xm-`-thð.

26   27

j{U-k-§Ä Hópw cïpw aqópw \mepw Aôpw Bdpw IqSn-t¨Àóp 63 hn[-¯n-em-bn-cn-¡pw.  Ch-bpsS tNÀ¨-bnð kvt\lhpw 63 hn[-¯n-em-Ipw.  tIhe kvt\lw Hóp-IqSn BsI 64 hn[-¯n-em-Ipóp (A-Xm-bXv kwkvIm-cw-sImïv 63 Dw kvt\lw am{X-ambn Hóp-IqSn BsI 64 FóÀ°w)  Cu 64 hn[-¯n-epÅ kvt\l-§sf tZiw, Imew, tcmKw, ico-c-{]-IrXn Fón-hsb \ñ-h®w t\m¡n a\-Ên-em¡n AXm-Xn-\-\p-k-cn¨ hn[-¯nð {]tbm-Kn-¡-\w.  (jUvck-§-fpsS 63 hn[-¯n-epÅ tNÀ¨sb 26þmw A²ym-b-¯nð {]Xn-]m-Zn-¡p-óp-ïv).

Atlm-cm-{X-al Irðkv\-aÀ±mlw N {]Xn-£tX {][m\m a²y-am-{lkzm kvt\l-am{Xmw Pcmw-XXn CXn Xn{kx kap-±n-jvSm-am{Xm kvt\l-ky-am-\Xm Xmkmw {]tbm-Km³ h£yman ]pcnjw {]Xn

28   29

kvt\l]m\w sNbvXn«v Hcp Znhkw sImïv Zln-¡p-ó-Xn\v {][m\am{X Fópw Hcp ]Ið sImïv Zln-¡p-ó-Xn\v a²y-a-am{X Fópw ]I-ensâ ]IpXn AXm-bXv 6þa-Wn-¡qÀ sImïv Zln-¡p-ó-Xn\v {lkz-am-{X-sbópw ]d-bp-óp.  kvt\l-¯nsâ am{X C{]-Imcw aqóp-hn-[-¯n-em-Ip-óp.  Cu aqóp-am{X BÀs¡-ñm-amWv {]tbm-Kn-t¡-ï-sXópw ]d-ªp-Xcmw.

{]{`q-X-kvt\-l-\n-Xymb £pð]n-]mkm klm-\cmx ]mh-I-tÝm-¯-a-_tem tbjmtWy tNm¯-am-_tex Kpðan\x kÀ¸-Z-jvSmN hnkÀt]m-]-I-Xm-Ýtb DòmZ Ir{Ñaq{XmÝKmVhIÀÑkp GhN ]nt]-bp-bp-àamw am{Xmw Xkymx ]mt\-Kp-Wm³ {irWp

30     31

\ntXy\ IqSp-Xð s\¿v D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-óhcpw hni¸pw Zmlhpw kln-¡m³ Ign-bp-ó-hcpw -PTcm-án¡pw ico-c¯nópw _e-ap-Å-hcpw Kpò-¯-tcm-Knbpw kÀ¸-Z-jvS\pw hn-kÀ¸-tcm-Knbpw {`m´\pw aq{X-Ir-{Ñ-tcm-Knbpw ae-_-Ô-ap-Å-hcpw {][m\-am-{Xbnð kvt\l-]m\w sN¿-Ww.  {][m\ am{X-bnð kvt\l-]m\w sNbvX-Xnsâ KpW-§-tfbpw ]dªp Xcmw tI«p [cn-¨p-sIm-Åp-I.

hnImc³ iab-tXyj io{Lw kwb-Iv{]-tbm-PnXm tZmjm-\p-IÀjn-Wo-am{X kÀÆ-amÀ¤m\q kmcnWo _eym-]p-\Àó-h-Ico ico-tc-{µn-b-tN-Xkmw

32   33

thï-Xp-t]mse {]tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-Spó kvt\l-¯nsâ D¯-a-am{X tcmK-§sf £W-¯nð ian-¸n-¡p-óp.  {][m\ am{X-bnð ]m\w sN¿p-ó-Xmb LrXw kÀÆ-t{km-X-Êp-I-fnepw {]th-in¨p tZmj-§sf £oWn-¸n-¡pw.  ico-c-¯nópw C{µn-b-§Ä¡pw a\-Ênópw hoïpw \h-\o-X-Xz-ap-ïm-Ipw.  _ew hÀ²n-¡p-I-bpw sN¿pw.

Acp-jvW-kvt^mS ]nUIm IpWvUp-]m-am-`n-cÀ±nXmx IjvSn-\Ý {]ao-VmÝ hmX-tim-WnXnXIm-Ýtb \m[n-_-lzmin\ssÝh arZp-tIm-jvT-Ø-ssZ-hN ]nt_-bpÀa²yamw am{Xmw a²y-am-Ým-]n-tb-_te amss{Xjm aµ-hn-{`wi \ NmXn-_-e-lm-cnWn kptJ-\N kvt\l-bXn tim[-\mÀt° N bpPytX

34   35   36

{hWw, s]m¡n-f, Ipcp, sNmdn-¨ð, Nnc§v Fón-h-sImïv ]oVn-¡p-ó-hcpw IpjvT-tcm-Knbpw {]ta-l-tcm-Knbpw cà-hm-X-tcm-Knbpw AXn-bmbn `£Ww Ign-¡m-¯-hcpw arZp-tIm-jvT-am-bn-«p-Å-hcpw a²y-a-_-e-am-bn-«p-Å-hcpw a²y-a-am-{X-bnð (12 aWn-¡qÀ sImïv Zln-¡p-ó{X kvt\l-]m\w sN¿-Ww.  tZmjw Ipdª Cu am{X _es¯ AXn-bmbn Ipd-bv¡p-ó-X-ñ.  kpJ-ambn kv\nKv²X hcp-¯pw.  timX\ hcp-¯p-hm³ tbmPn-¡p-ó-Xm-Wv. 

GXp-hr-²mÝ  _emÝ kpIp-amcmx kptJm-NnXmx cnà-tIm-jvTXzalnXw Gjmw aµm-á-b-Ýtb. Pzcm-Zn-kmc ImkmÝ tbjmw Nnc kap±nXmx kvt\l-am{Xmw ]nt_-bpkvtX {lkzmw tb Nmh-cm-_te. ]cn-lm-tckpJmssNjm am{Xm-kvt\-tl\ _rwlWn hrjy-_eym \ncm-_mhm Nnc-ôm-]y-\p-hÀ¯tX.

37 38 39

hr²-òmcpw _me-òmcpw kpJ-io-e-òmcpw hni¸p kln-¡p-hm³ Ign-bm-¯-hcpw aµm-án-bp-Å-hcpw Pzchpw AXn-km-chpw Imkhpw hfsc \mfmbn \ne-\n-ón-«p-Å-hcpw _ew Ipd-ª-hcpw {lkz-am-{X-bnð (6 aWn-¡qÀ sImïv Zln-¡p-ó-{X) kvt\l-]m\w sN¿-Ww.  Cu am{X ]Yyw BN-cn-¡p-hm³ Ign-bm-¯-hÀ¡v kpJ-am-Wv.  kv\nKv²X hcp-¯pw.  ico-cs¯ XSn-¸n-¡pw, ip-¢-hr-²n-bp-ïm¡pw _ew hÀ²n-¸n-¡pw, bmsXm-cp-]-{Z-hw Dïm-¡p-ó-X-ñ.  hf-sc-¡mew XpSÀóp ioen-¡p-Ibpw sN¿mw.

hmX-]n¯ {]Ir-Xtbm hmX-]n-¯-hn-Im-cnWmx N£p-£m-amx £Xmx £oWm hr²-_m-em-kvXYm-ƒ_emx Bbpx {]IÀ-c-Im-amÝ _e-hÀ®-kz-cmÀ°n\x ]pjvSn-Imamx {]Pm-Imamx kuIp-am-cymÀ°n-\m-Ýtb Zo]vtXymPx kvXpXn-ta-[mán _p²o-{µnb _emÀ°n\x ]nt_bpx kÀ¸n-cmÀ¯tÝ Zml-ikv{Xp hnjm-án`nx

40 41 42

hmX-]n¯{]Ir-Xn-¡mcpw hmX-]n-¯-P-\y-amb tcmK-ap-Å-hcpw I®n\v \ñ ImgvN thW-sa-óm-{K-ln-¡p-ó-hcpw £X-£o-W-òmcpw hr²-òmcpw _me-òmcpw BbpÊv hÀ²n-¡-W-sa-óm-{K-l-ap-Å-hcpw _ehpw h®hpw kzchpw \óm-bn-cn-¡-W-sa-óm-{K-l-ap-Å-hcpw ico-c-]p-jvTnsb B{K-ln-¡p-ó-hcpw k´m\w thW-sa-óm-{K-ln-¡p-ó-hcpw ku`mKyw thW-sa-óm-{K-ln-¡p-ó-h-cpw, ico-c-Im-´n, HmPÊv [mc-Wm-i-àn, ta[ Aán-Zo-]vXn, _p²n, C{µnb _ew Ch thW-sa-óm-{K-ln-¡p-ó-hcpw kvt\l-]m\w sN¿Ww.

{]hr² tÇjva taZ-kvIm-Ý-e- Øqe Ktfm-Zcmx hmX-hym-[n-`o-cm-hnjvSm hmX-{]-Ir-X-b-Ýtb. _ew-X-\pXzw eLpXmw ZrVXmw Ønc-Km-{XXmw kv\nKvZ ÇjvW X\p-Xzàmw tb ] Imw£-´n-tZ-ln\x Iran-tImjvTmx {Iqc-tIm-jvTm-kvXYm \mUo-`nÀ±nXmx ]nt_bpx ioX-tf-Imte ssXew ssXtem-Nn-Xm-Ýtb.

43 44 45

I^hpw taZÊpw hÀ²n-¨-hcpw Igp¯pw hbdpw XSn¨p Xq§n-b-hcpw hmX-tcm-K-ap-Å-hcpw hmX-{]-Ir-Xn-¡mcpw ico-c-¯n\v _ehpw XSn IqSp-X-en-ñm-bvIbpw L\w Ipdhpw ZrV-Xbpw Ønc-Xbpw B{K-ln-¡p-ó-hcpw hb-änð Iran-bp-Å-hcpw {Iqc-tIm-jvT-òm-cpw, \mUn-tcmKw sImïv ]qUn-¡p-ó-hcpw ssXew D]-tbm-Kn¨v ioe-ap-Å-hcpw ioX-Im-e¯v ssXew (F-sÅ®) ]m\w sN¿Ww.

hmXm-Xm] kplmtb N cq£m `mcm-²z-IÀjnXmx kwLp-jvIm-c-tXm-cp-[ncm \njv]oX I^-ta-Zk. AØn-kÔn kncmkv\mbp-aÀ½ tImjvT-a-lm-cpPx _e-hm³ amcptXm tbjmwJm\n Nm hrXy-Xn-jvTXn al-¨m-áo-_ew tbjmw hkm kmßym-Ýtb-\cmx tXjmw kvt\l-bn-X-hym\mw hkm-]m\w hn[o-btX.

46 47 48

Imäpw shbnepw Gev¡m³ Ign-bp-ó-hÀ¡pw, cq£-i-coc {]Ir-Xn-¡mÀ¡pw `mcw Npaópw hgn-\-Sópw Iri-cm-b-hÀ¡pw, ip¢-hpw, cà-hpw, I^hpw taZÊpw £bn-¨-hÀ¡pw, AØn, kÔn, kv\mb, aÀ½w, tImjvTw Fón-h-bnð henb thZ-\-bp-Å-hÀ¡pw hmbp _e-hm-\mbn t{kmX-Êp-I-fnð Bh-cWw sNbvXp \nð¡p-ó-h\pw PT-cm-án¡v _ew IqSp-X-em-bn-«p-Å-hÀ¡pw hk D]-tbm-Kn¨p ioe-ap-Å-hÀ¡pw kv\nKv²X hcp-¯p-hm³ tbmKy-am-bn-«p-Å-hÀ¡pw hkm-]\w hnin-jvS-am-Ip-óp.

Zo]vXm-ábx t¢i-k-lm-L-kvacmx kvt\l-tk-hn\x hmXmÀ¯mx {Iqc-tIm-jvTÝ kvt\lym aÖm-\-am-]v\pbp.

49

Aán-Zo-]vXn-bp-Å-hcpw t¢iw kln-¡m³ Ign-bp-ó-hcpw AXn-bmbn `£Ww Ign-¡p-ó-h-cpw, s\¿v tkhn¨p ioe-ap-Å-hcpw hmX-tcm-K-ap-Å-hcpw {Iqc-tIm-jvT-òmcpw kv\nKv²X hcp-¯p-hm³ tbmKy-am-bn-«p-Å-hcpw aÖ tkhn-¡-Ww.

tbmt`ym-tbmt`ym lntXm-tbmbx kvt\lx k]-cn-IoÀ¯nXx kvt\l-\ky {]IÀjuXp k]vX-cm-{X-{Xn-cm-{XIu

50

GtXXv kvt\lw GtX-XmÄ¡mtWm lnXw AXn-hnsS ]d-b-s¸-«p.  kv\nKv²X hcp-ó-Xnóv hÀ²n-¨mð Ggv Znh-khpw aqóp Znh-k-hp-\mWv kvt\l-]m\w sNt¿-ï-Xv.  (A-Xm-bXv {Iqc-tIm-jvWóv 7 Znh-khpw arZp-tIm-jvTóv 3 Znh-khpw BsW-óÀ°w)  CXnð IqSp-Xð Znhkw kvt\l-]m\w sNbvXmð kvt\lw kmßy-am-bn-t¸m-Ip-sa-óp-IqSn a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww.

tkzZymx tim[bn-X-hymÝ cq£m-hmX hnIm-cnWm hymbma aZy-kv{Xo-\nXymx kvt\lymx kptcyN Nn´Imx

51

tkzZ-{Inb sNbvX-hcpw ha-\-hn-tc-N-\mZn tim[-\-{Inb sNbvX-hcpw cq£-i-coc {]Ir-Xn-¡mcpw hmX-tcm-K-ap-Å-hcpw hymbm-aw, aZy-]m\w kv{Xo tkh Ch \nXyw ioen-¡p-ó-hcpw Nn´-I-òmcpw kv\nKv²X hcp-¯p-hm³ AÀl-cm-Ip-óp.

kwtim-[-\m-ZrtX tbjmw cq£Ww kw{]-h-£ymtX \ tXjmw kvt\l\w ikvX-apðkó I^ taZkmw.

52

cq£X hcp-¯-W-saóv ]d-ª-hÀ¡pw, I^hpw taZÊpw hÀ²n-¨n-«p-Å-hÀ¡pw thï-Xp-t]mse tim[-\-{Inb sN¿msX kvt\l-]m\w sNbvXp kv\nKv²X hcp-¯p-óXv \ñ-Xñ.

A`n-jy-µm-\-\-KpZm \nXyw aµm-á-bÝ tb XrjvWm aqÀÑm ]co-XmÝ KÀ`n-Wy-kvXm-ep-tim-jnWx Aó-Zznjx OÀ±-bt´m PT-cm-a-K-cmÀ±nXmx ZpÀ_-emÝ {]Xm-´mÝ kvt\l-¥m-\m-a-Zm-Xpcx \ kvt\lym-hÀ¯-am-t\jvT \\kvtXm hkvXp IÀók kvt\l-]m-\mð {]Pm-bt´ tXjmw tcmKmx kpZm-cpWm.

53 54 55

hmbnð \nópw KpZ-¯nð \nópw shÅw {khn-¡p-ó-hcpw Ft¸mgpw Aán-am-µy-ap-Å-hcpw Zmlhpw tamlm-e-kyhpw DÅ-hcpw KÀ`n-Wp-Ifpw A®m-¡nð hcĨ-bp-Å-hcpw Acp-Nn-bp-Å-hcpw OÀ±n-bp-Å-hcpw DZ-c-tcm-Kw, Ba-tZmjw Ir{Xna hnjw Ch-sImïv ZpxJn-¡p-ó-hcpw ZpÀ_-e-òmcpw ico-cm-bm-k-an-ñm-¯-hcpw kvt\l-]m\w sN¿p-t¼mÄ Xf-cp-ó-hcpw aZmXy tcmK-ap-Å-hcpw \ky-IÀ½hpw hkvX-IÀ½hpw sNbvX DS-s\bpw kvt\l-]m\w sNbvXp kv\nKv²X hcp-¯-cp-Xv.  kvt\l-tbm-Ky-a-ñm¯ Cu ]d-ª-hÀ¡v kvt\l-]m\w \nan¯w `b-¦-c-amb tcmK-§Ä Dïm-Ip-ó-Xm-Wv.

]pjocw {KYnXw cq£w, hmbp-c-{]-Kp-tWm, arZpx ]àm, JcXzw cu£yw N Km{Xkym kv\nKv² e£-Ww.

56

aew I«n-bmbpw cq£-ambncn¡pI hmbp {]Xn-tem-a-am-bn-cn-¡p-I, PT-cmán arZp-hm-Ip-I, ico-c-¯n\v ]cp-]-cp¸pw cq£-Xbpw Dïm-hpI Ch thï-Xp-t]mse kv\nKv²X hcm-¯-Xnsâ e£-W-am-Ip-óp.

hmXm-\p-temayw Zo]vtXmƒ-ánÀhÀ¨ kv\nKv²-akwlXw amÀ±hw kv\nKv²-Xm-NmwtK kv\nKv²m-\m-ap-]-Pm-btX.

57

hmbp A\p-tem-a-am-hp-I, Aán-Zo-]vXn-bp-ïm-hp-I, aew kv\nKv²-ambpw Abªpw t]mhp-I, ico-c-¯nóv amÀ±-hhpw kv\nKv²-Xbpw Dïm-hpI Fónh thï-Xp-t]mse kv\nKv²X hómð Dïm-Ip-ó-Xm-Wv.

]mWvUyXm Kuchw PmUyw ]pco-jkym hn]m-IXm X{´o-c-cp-Nn-cpðt¢-iw, kymZXn kv\nKv² e£-Ww.

58

ico-c-¯nóv hnfÀ¨bpw L\hpw PmUy-Xbpw Dïm-hp-I, ae-¯nóv A]-Iz-X, aSn, Acp-Nn, a\w-]n-c-«ð Fón-h-bp-ïm-hpI Ch AXn-kv\nKv² Imc-W-am-Ip-óp.

{Zthm-jvW-a-\-`n-jyXn t`mPy-aów {]am-WpXx \mXn-kv\n-Kv²-akw IoÀ®wizx kvt\lw ]mXp-an-ÑXm.

59

\msf kvt\l-hm\w sN¿-W-sa-óm-{K-ln-¡p-ó-h³ Cóv {Zh-cq-]-¯n-ep-ÅXpw NqSp-ÅXpw Dĸ-gp-¸p-ïm-¡m-¯Xpw IqSp-Xð kv\nKv²-X-bn-ñm-¯Xpw ]eXpw Iq«n-t¨À¯-ñm-¯-Xp-amb Blmcw DNn-X-amb am{X-bnð Ign-¡-Ww.

]nt_ð kwi-a\w kvt\l-a-ó-Imte {]Imw-£nXx ip²yÀ°w ]p\-cm-lmtc ss\ti PoÀt®m-]n-t_-ócx

60

kwi-a-\mÀ°w ]m\w sN¿pó kvt\lw Blmc ka-b¯v hni-¸p-ïm-I-¯-¡-hn-[-¯nð ]m\w sN¿-Ww.  ]nsó kwtim-[-\mÀ°w ]m\w sN¿pó kvt\lw cm{Xn Ign¨p Blmcw Zln-¨-Xn-\p-tijw (cm-hn-se) ]m\w sN¿-Ww.

kvt\lw ]oXzm-\cx kvt\lw {]Xo-`q-RvPm\ GhN DjvtWm-Z-tIm-]-Nmco kymZv{_-Ò-Xm-co-£-]m-ibx iIr³aq-{Xm\n temZvKm-cm\p ZoÀ®mwÝ \ [mc-tbð hymbm-a-ap-ss¨À hN\w t{Im[ timIu lnam-X]u. hÀÖm-tb-Z-{]-hmXw N tkthX ib-\m-k\w kvt\l-an-tXym] Nmcm²n Pmbt´ Zmcp-Wm-KZmx

61 62 63

kvt\l-]m\w sNbvXn«v kvt\lw Zln-¨mepw kv\m\-]m-\m-Zn-IÄ¡v NqSp-shÅw D]-tbm-Kn-¡-Ww.  kvt\l-]m\w sN¿p-ó-h³ {_Ò-Nm-cn-bm-bn-cn-¡-Ww.  cm{Xn-bnte Dd-§m-hq.  {]hÀ¯-\-am-\-amb aew, aq{Xw At[m-hmbp, G¼¡w Fón-hsb XS-b-cp-Xv.  hymbm-aw, D¨-¯nð kwkm-cn-¡ð, t{Im[w, timIw, XWp-¸v, NqSv Ch hÀÖn-¡-Ww.  IqSp-Xð ImäpÅ Øe¯v InS-¡p-Ibpw Ccn-¡p-Ibpw sN¿-cp-Xv.  kvt\l-]m-\-¯nð ]°yw ]ng-¨mð `b-¦-c-amb tcmK-§Ä DïmIpw.

arZp-tIm-jvT-kv{Xn-cm-t{XW kv\nly-Xy-tÑm-]-tk-hbm kv\nlyXn {Iqc-tIm-jvTkvXp k]vX-cm-t{XW am\hx

64

kvt\lw AÑ-]m-\-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-¨mð arZp-tIm-jvT³ aqóp Znhkw sImïv kv\nKv²X hó-h-\m-Ipw.  {Iqc-tIm-jvT-X-bp-Å-h-\m-Is« Ggp-Zn-hkw sImïv kv\nKv²X hó-h-\m-Ipw.  (aqóv Znhkw sImïv kv\nKv²X hó-h³ arZn-tIm-jvT-\m-sWópw GgpZnhkw sImïv kv\nKv²X hó-h³ {Iqc-tIm-jvT-\m-sWópw a\-Ên-em-¡-Ww.

KpU-an-£p-ckw akvXp £oc-ap-tñm-Un-Xw-Z[n ]mbkw Iricw kÀ¸nx Imiva-cy-{Xn-^-em-ckw {Zm£m-ckw ]oep-ckw Pe-ap-jvW-a-Ym-]nhm atZy hmX-cpWw ]oXzm arZn-tImjvtTm hncn-NytX.

65 66

shñw Ie-¡nb shÅw, Icn-¼n³\o-cv, ssXcn³sh-Åw, ]mð, Ie-¡nb ssXcv, ]mb-kw, FÅpw Acnbpw IqSn-sh¨ Iªn, s\¿v, Ipap-Zn³ ]g-c-kw, {Xn^-e-c-kw, ap´n-cn-§-\o-cv, Im¸n, NqSp-sh-Åw, Cf-b-aZyw Ch-bn-te-sX-¦nepw IpSn-¨n«v hntc-N-\-ap-ïm-Ip-ó-h³ arZp-tIm-jvT-\m-Ip-óp.

hntc-N-b´n ss\Xm\n {Iqc-tImjvTw IZm-N\ `h-Xn-{Iq-c-tIm-jvTky {Kl-Wy-Xypð_-Wm-\nem.

67

tað]-dª KpUmZn {Zhy-§-sfmópw Xsó {Iqtcm-jvTs\ Hcn-¡epw hntc-Nn-¸n-¡p-ó-X-ñ.  ImcWw {Iqc-tIm-jvTsâ {Kl-Wo-Øm\w AXy´w hmX-{]-[m-\-am-bn-cn-¡pw.

DZoÀ®-]n-¯mð]-I^m {KlWo aµ-am-cpXm arZp-tIm-jvTky Xkvamð kphn-tc-tNym-\cx kvarXx

68

arZp-tIm-jvTsâ {Kl-Wo-Øm\w ]n¯w hÀ²n¨pw I^hpw hmXhpw Ipd-ªp-an-cn-¡pw.  AXp-sImïv arZp-tIm-jvT-\mb a\p-jy³ Aev]-amb hntc-N-\-Hu-j[w sImïv kpJ-ambn hntc-N\w hcp-ó-h-\m-bn-cn-¡pw.

DZoÀ® ]n¯m-{K-lWo bky-Nmán _ew-a-lð `kvao-`-hXo Xkymip kvt\lx ]otXm ƒán tXPkm. k PKv²z-kvt\-l-am{Xmw XmtamPx {]£m-c-b³_en kvt\lm-án-cp-¯amw XrjvWmw-tkm] kÀ¤-ap-Zo-c-tbð.

69 70

GsXm-cp-hóv {Kl-Wn-bnð ]n¯w hÀ²n¨pw PTcmán AXy-[nIw _e-hm-\mbpw Ccn-¡p-ópthm Ah³ ]m\w sN¿pó kvt\lw Ahsâ PTcmán-bpsS tXP-ÊvsImïv `kva-am-bn-t¸m-Ip-ó-Xm-Wv.  am{Xm-\p-]qÀÆw hm\w sN¿p-ó-Xmb B kvt\ls¯ Zln-¸n-¨n«v _e-hm-\m-bn-¯o-cpó B kvt\lmán HmP-Ên-s\-¡qSn Zln-¸n¨p AXy-[n-I-amb X®oÀZm-ls¯ aäp-]-{Z-h-§-tfmSpIqSn Dïm-¡pw.

\mew kvt\l-k-ar-²ky iam-bmów kKqÀÆ]n ktNð kpinXmw kenemw \mkm-Z-b-Xn-Z-lytX. bssY-hm-io-hnjx I£-a-²yKx kzhn-jm-án-\m.

71

kvt\lw-sImïv hÀ²n-¨-Xmb PT-cm-án-bpsS ia-\-¯n-ómbn Gähpw Kpcp-Xz-apÅ Blmcw Ign-¨mð¡qSn aXn-bm-Ip-ó-X-ñ.  Ah³ Gähpw XWp¯ shÅw IpSn-¨n-sñ-¦nð Zln-¨p-t]m-Ipw.  (A-Xm-bXv Zmlw-sImïv acn-¨p-t]mIpsaóÀ°w)  AXv F{]-Im-c-saómð ]pð¡m-Snsâ a²y-¯nð AI-s¸« kÀ¸w Xsâ kz´w hnjm-án-bm-ep-ïm-Ipó Zmlw sImïv acn-¨p-t]m-Ip-ó-Xp-t]mse kvt\lm-án-sImïv a\p-jy³ acn-¨p-t]m-Ipw.  (A-Xm-bXv ]pð¡m-«nð s]«p-t]mb ]m¼nóv shÅw In«m-Xn-cp-ómepw kvt\lm-án-sIm-ïp-ïmb Zml-¯nóv XWp-¯-shÅw IpSn-¡p-hm³ In«m-Xn-cp-ómepw acn-¨p-t]m-Ip-sa-óÀ°w)

APoÀt®-b-ZnXp kvt\tl-Xr-jvWm-ky-ÑÀ±-tbð `njIv   iotXm-Z-Iw-]p\x ]oXzm-`p-àm-cq-£mó apñn-tJð.

72

]m\w sNbvX kvt\lw Zln-¡m-Xn-cn-¡pI \nan¯w Zml-ap-ïm-hp-I-bm-sW-¦nð sshZy³ B kvt\ls¯ OÀ±n-¸n¨p If-b-Ww.  Fón«pw Zml-ap-ïm-hp-I-bm-sW-¦nð hoïpw XWp-¯-shÅw IpSn-¸n¨pw cq£-X-bpÅ Blm-cw-sIm-Sp¯pw OÀ±n-¸n-¡-Ww  (A-Xm-bXv OÀ±n-¸n-¨n«v s\¿v XnI¨pw ]pd-¯p-t]m-bn-sñ-¦nð hoïpw XWp¯ shÅhpw cq£m-lm-chpw sImSp¯p OÀ±n-¸n-¡-W-sa-óÀ°w)

ChnsS XWp¯ shÅw-sIm-Sp¯p OÀ±n-¸n-¡Ww Fóv ]d-tª-S¯v kp{ip-X-¯nð kvt\l-ap-jvWmw-_p-\m-h-tað FómWv ]d-ªn-cn-¡p-óXv.  Chcïnópw ]cn-lm-c-ambn AjvSmw-kv{K-l-¯nð ]n¯-{]-[m-\-am-b-Xnð XWp¯ shÅw sImSp¯pw ]mX-I-^-{]-[m-\-am-b-Xnepw ka-tZm-j-am-bn-«p-ÅXnepw NqSp-shÅw sImSp¯pw OÀ±n-¸n-¡-W-sa-ómWv ]d-ªn-«p-Å-Xv.

\ kÀ¸nx tIhew ]nt¯ t]bw kmta hntjXx kÀÆw ly\p-N-cm-t±lw lXzm-kw-Úm-ô-am-c-tbð

73

Ba-tZm-j-t¯m-Sp-Iq-Snb ]n¯-¯nð tIhew s\¿v am{X-ambn AXm-bXv tZmj-i-a-\-§Ä tNÀ¯p ]mIw sN¿m-¯-Xmb s\¿v hnti-jn¨pw ]m\w sN¿-cp-Xv.  A{]-Imcw ]m\w sNbvXmð B kvt\lw icocw apgp-h³ hym]n¨p t_m[s¯ \in-¸n¨p Ahs\ sImñpw.  (CXv kp{ip-X-¯nð ]d-ª-Xv{]-Im-c-amWv tIhew ss]¯ntI kÀ¸nÀhm-XntI eh-Wm-\zn-Xw.  tZbw _lp-I-t^m-Nm]n thymj-£mc kam-bpXw CXn)  kp{ip-X-¯nð ]d-ª-Xn-ó-\p-k-cn¨p tað]-dª tÇmIw hymJym-\n-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦nð ]nt¯ tIhew kÀ¸n-t]bw kmta-]nt¯ hnti-jXx tIhew kÀ¸nx \ t]bw Fóv hymJym-\n-t¡-ïn-hcpw.

X{µm-tkmðt¢i B\m-tlm-Pzcx kvXwt`m-hn-ópw-ÚXm IjvTm\n IWvUp ]mWvUp-Xz-tim-^mÀimwky cpNn-kvXrjm PT-cw-{K-l-Wo-tZmjx kvssXanXyw hmIy-\n-{Klx iqe-am-a-{]-tZm-jmÝ Pmbt´ kvt\l-hn-{`-amð

74 75

kvt\l-]m\w sN¿p-óXv ]ng-¨mð aSn, s\ôv Ien¸v hbdv hoÀ¸v, Pzcw, kvXw`-\w, t_m[-£-bw, IpjvTw, sNmdn-¨nð, ]mWvUp-tcmKw tim^w, AÀi-Êv, Acp-Nn, Zmlw, atlm-Z-cw, {Kl-Wo-tZm-jw, Pf-Xzw, hm¡nóv XS-Êw, iqe-th-Z-\, Ba-tZmjw Fón-h-bp-ïm-Ip-óp.

X{Xm-]yp-tñ-J\w ikvXw tkzZx Ime-{]-Xo-£Ww {]Xn-{]Xn hym[n-_-ew-_p²zm {kwk-\-tah N. X{Im-anjvS {]tbm-KÝ cq£-]m-\mó tkh\w aq{XmWmw {Xn^-em-bmÝ kvt\l-hym-]-¯n-t`-jPw

76 77

kvt\l-]m\wsImïp-ïm-Ipó D]-{Z-h-¯nð OÀ±n-¸n-¡epw Ime-{]-Xo-£bpw (kvt\-l-]m\wsImïp-ïmb tZmjw ian-¡p-ó-Xp-hsc Blmcw Ign-¡m-Xn-cn-¡-epw) Hmtcm-cp-¯-cnepw Dïm-Ipó hym[n-_ew a\-Ên-em-¡n-bn«v hotc-Nn-¸n-¡p-óXpw \ñ-Xm-Ip-óp.  X{Im-cn-jvS-{]-tbm-Khpw cq£-amb Aó-]m-\-tk-h-\hpw aq{X-§-fp-tSbpw {Xn^-e-bp-tSbpw {]tbm-Khpw kvt\l-tZm-j-¯nð Huj-[-am-Ipóp.

AIm-te-Nm-ln-X-ssÝh am{Xbm \N tbmPnXx kvt\tlm-an-t°ym-]-Nm-cm¨ hym]-tZy-XmXntkhnXx

78

AIm-e-¯nepw Aln-X-ambpw tbmPn-¡m¯ am{Xbnepw A]-°y-ambpw IqSp-X-embpw s\¿v D]-tbm-Kn-¨mð B]-¯p-ïmIpw.

k-t\-lmð {]kvI-µ-t\m-P´p kv{Xocm-t{Xm-]-cXx ]nt_ð kvt\lô {Zh-ap-jvW-ô-{Xylw `qàzm-c-ku-Z\w GIm-tlm-]-c-X-kvX-Zzð `qàzm {]ÑÀ±\w ]nt_ð

79

kvt\lm-]m\wsImïv kv\Kv²X hntc-Nn-¸n-t¡-Wz-\m-sW-¦nð aqóv Znhkw Ign-ªmð hntc-N-\u-j[w IpSn-¡-Ww.  Cu aqóp-Zn-hkw kv\nKv²-X-bp-ÅXpw {Zh-am-bn-«p-ÅXpw NqSp-Å-Xp-amb amwk-ckw Iq«n tNmdp-®-Ww.  OÀ±n-t¸-t¡-ï-Xnð kv\Kv²-X-hóp Hcp Znhkw Ign-ªmð OÀ±\u-j[w IpSn-¡-Ww.  B Hcp Znhkw tað]-d-ª-Xp-t]mse Blmcw Ign-¡p-Ibpw thWw.

kym¯z-kw-tim-[-\mÀ°ntb hr¯nx kvt\tl hncn-à-hð.

80

ia-\mÀ°w kvt\l-]m\w sNbvX-Xnð hntc-N-\-¯n-óoóv ]d-ª-Xp-t]m-epÅ D]-Nmcw ioen-¡-Ww.  (A-kw-tim-[-\mÀ¯ntb = kwi-a-t\, hr¯n-cp-]-Nmcx CXn N{I-]m-Wn).

kvt\l-Zznjx kvt\l-\nXym arZp-tIm-jvTm-Ýbm \cmx t¢i-klm aZy-\n-Xym-kvtX-jm-anjvSm hnNm-c-Wm.

81

s\¿v Ign-¡p-hm-\n-jvS-an-ñm-¯-hÀ¡pw, s\¿v Ft¸mgpw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-ó-hÀ¡pw kv\nKv²X hcp-¯p-hm³ GXv kvt\l{Zhy-amWv CjvS-am-bn-«p-Å-sXóv Btem-Nn¨p Xocp-am-\n-¡-Ww.

emh-ssX-¯nc ambp-c-lmwk hmcml Iu¡Sw KhymPu-c-{`-amevU kymÝ-ckmx kyp kvt\l-t\-lnXmx

82

tað ]d-ª-hÀ¡v kv\nKv²X hcp-¯phm³ emh-¸-£v, Xn¯n-c-¸-£n, abnð, Ac-b-ów, ]ón, tImgn, ]ip, tImem-Sv, Idn-bm-Sv, aÕyw Fón-h-bpsS amwk-ckw \ñ-Xm-Ip-óp.

bh-tImeIe-°mÝ kvt\lmx k KpU-iÀ¡cmx ZmUn-aw-Z[n kthymjw ]k-kw-tbmK kw{Klx

83

kvt\lmÀ°w amwk-c-k-ap-ïm-¡p-t¼mÄ bhw, e´-¸-gw, apXnc Fón-hbpw shñtam ]ô-km-ctbm tNÀ¯ LrXw þ ssXew þ hkmþ aÖ Fóo kvt\l-{Z-hy-§fpw Ddp-am-¼-ghpw Np¡pw, apf-Ipw, Xn¸-enbpw tNÀ¯ ssXcpw kwkvIm-cmÀ°w tNÀt¡-ï-Xm-Wv.

kvt\l-b-´n-Xnemx ]qÀÆ PKv²w kwkvt\-l-^m-WnXmx Iyi-cmÝ _lp-kvt\-lm-kvXne Imw_-fn-Im-kvXYm.

84

`£-W-¯nóv ap¼v s\¿pw iÀ¡-c-¸mhpw tNÀ¯ FÅv Xnómepw IqSp-Xð s\¿v tNÀ¯p FÅpw Acnbpw IqSn-sh¨ Iªn IpSn-¨mepw IqSp-Xð s\¿v tNÀ¯p-ïm-¡nb FÅpï Xnómepw kv\nKv²X hcp-ó-Xm-Wv.

^mWnXw irwK-th-cwN ssXew N kpc-bm-kl ]nt_-{Zp-t£m-{`p-ssXÀ amwsskÀ PoÀt®-ƒiv\o-bm¨ t`mP\w

85

ico-c-¯nóv cq£-X-bp-Å-h³ iÀ¡-c-¸mhpw Côn-\ocpw F®bpw tNÀ¯p kpcm-aZyw IpSn-¡-Ww.  AXv Zjn-¨mð amwkhpw Iq«n Blmcw Ign-¡-Ww.

ssXew kqcmbm aWvtU\ hkmw-a-Öm-\-tah hm ]nt_ð k ^mWnXw £ocw \cx kv\nlyXn hmXnIx

86

kqcm-a-Zy-¯nsâ sXfn-bnð F®tbm hktbm aÖtbm tNÀ¯p IpSn-¨mepw iÀ¡-c-¸mhv tNÀ¯ ]mð IpSn-¨mepw hmX-{]-Ir-Xn-¡m-c-\m-b-h³ kv\nKv²-X-bp-Å-h-\m-Ipw.

[mtcmjvWp kvt\l kwbpàw ]oXzm kiÀ¡-cw-]bx \cx kv\nlyXn ]oXzm hm kmc-Z[v\x k^m-WnXw

87

Idó NqtSm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]mð s\¿pw iÀ¡-cbpw tNÀ¯p IpSn-¨mepw sh® iÀ¡-c-¸mhv tNÀ¯p Ign-¨mepw a\p-jy³ kv\nKv²-X-bp-Å-h-\m-Ipw.

]ô-{]-kr-Xn-Io-t]bm ]mb-tkm-am-j-an-{iIx £oc-knt²m _lp-kvt\lx kvt\l-tXm-Z-Nn-cm-ócw

88

]ô-{]-kr-XnIo Fó Iªn IpSn-¨mepw Dgpópw Acnbpw tNÀ¯p-ïm-¡nb ]mð¸m-bm-k-¯nð [mcmfw s\¿v tNÀ¯p IpSn-¨mepw a\p-jys\ DSs\ kv\nKv²-X-bp-Å-h-\m-¡pw.

kÀ¸n-kvssXe hkm aÖm XWvUpe {]krssXx IrXm ]mô-{]-kr-Xn-Io-t]bm t]bm-kvt\-l\ anÑ-Xm.

89

s\¿v, F®, hk, aÖ, Acn Ch Hmtcmópw cïv ]ew hoXw FSp¯p Bdn-c«n shÅ-¯nð Dïm-¡pó Iªn¡v ]mô-{]-kr-XnIo t]bm Fóv ]d-bp-óp.  Cu Iªn ico-c-¯nð kv\nKv²X thïp-ó-hÀ¡p-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-hm³ \ñ-Xm-Ip-óp.

{Kmaym-\n-]u-ZIw amwk-KpUw Z[n-]-b-kvXn-emð IpjvTo-timYo {]ta-loN kvt\tl\ \ {]tbm-P-tbð.

90

IpjvT-tcmKypw tim^-tcm-Knbpw {]ta-l-tcm-Kn-bpw, kv\nKv²X hcp-¯p-hm³ BSv apX-emb {Kma-Po-hn-I-fpsS amwkw, Ba apX-emb B\q-]-Po-hn-I-fpsS amwkw aÕyw apX-emb Pe-Po-hn-I-fpsS amwkw, shñw, ssXcv, ]mð FÅv Fónh D]-tbm-Kn-¡-cpXv.

kvt\ssl bYmkzw Xm³knss²x  kvt\l-tbZ hIm-cn`nx ]n¸-eo-`nÀ lco-XIym knss²-kv{Xn-^-e-bm]n hm.

91

IjvT-þ-tim-^-þ-{]-ta-l-tcm-Kn-Isf AXmXv tcmK-¯nóv hncp-²-a-ñm¯ kvt\l-{Z-hy-§Ä AXmXv tcmKs¯ ian-¸n-¡p-ó-Xmb Huj-[-§-fn-«p-Im-¨nb kvt\lw-sImïv kv\nKv²X hcp-¯-Ww.  AYhm Chsc Xn¸en Iev¡w tNÀ¯p Im¨nb s\¿vsImtïm kv\nKv²X hcp-¯-Ww.

{Zm£m-a-eI bqjm`ymw Z[v\m Nmavtf\ km[-tbð thymj-KÀ`w `nj-Ivkvt\lw ]oXzm-Uv\n-ly-Xn-X-ócx

92

ap´-cn-§bpw s\ñn-¡bpw Ijmbw sh¨-cns¨Sp¯p AXnð ]pfn¨ ssXcp, Np¡v, apf-Iv, Xn¸-en, Iev¡hpw tNÀ¯p kvt\l-]mI hn[n-{]-Imcw s\¿v Im¨n FSp-¡-Ww.  B s\¿v IpSn-¨mð a\p-jy³ kv\nKv²-X-bp-Å-h-\mIpw.

bh-tIm-e-I-e-°m\w ckmx £oc-kq-cm-Z[n £oc-kÀ¸nÝ Xðkn²w kvt\l-\obw LrtXm-¯aw.

93

bh-I-jm-bw, e´-¡p-cp-I-jm-bw, apXn-c-I-jm-bw, ]mð kpcm-a-Zyw, ssXcv Ch Bdpw ka-am-sb-Sp¯p AXnsâ \men-sem-cp-`mKw s\¿pw s\¿nsâ \men-semcp `mKw NhÀ¡mcw Iev¡-am-bpw tNÀ¯p ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-¡-Ww.  s\¿v kv\nKv²X hcp-¯p-hm³ Fñm LrX-§-enepw sh¨v D¯-a-am-Ip-óp.

ssXe-aÖ hkm kÀ¸nÀ_-Zc {Xn^em csskx tbm\n-ip{I {]tZm-jjp km[-bnXzm {]tbm-P-tbð.

94

FsÅ-®, aÖ, hk s\¿v Ch ka-am-sb-Sp¯p e´-¡p-cphpw {Xn^-ebpw Ijmbw shs¨-Sp-¯-Xnð tNÀ¯p ]mIw sNbvsX-Sp-¯n«v tbm\n ip¢-tZm-j-§-fnð tkhn-¡-Ww.

KrlvWym-Xymw_p bYmhkv{Xw {]{k-h-Xy-[nIw bYm XYm-ánÀÖocyXn kvt\lw XYm {kh-Xn-Nm-[nIw bYm hm t¢Zy-arð]nWvU amknàw Xzc-bm-Pew {kh-Xo-{kw-ktX kvt\l-kvXYm Xzcn-X-tk-hnXx

95 96

shÅ-¯nð ap¡n-sbSp¯ hkv{Xw, F{]-Imcw AXnð DÄs¡m-Åm³ Ign-bp-ó{X shÅw FSp-¡p-Ibpw A[n-I-ap-ÅXv F{]-Imcw Hgp-In-t¸m-hp-Ibpw sN¿p-ópthm A{]-Imcw ]m\w sNbvX-Xmb kvt\lw PT-cm-án¡v Zln-¸n-¡p-hm³ Ihn-bp-óXv Zln-¸n-¡p-Ibpw A[n-I-ap-ÅXv KpZ-¯nð¡qSn ]pd-t¯¡v t]mhp-Ibpw sN¿pw.  a®p-cp-fn-bnð [rXn-]n-Sn¨p shÅ-sam-gn-¨mð AXv s]s«óv apgp-h³ \\-bm-Xn-cn-¡p-ó-Xp-t]mse [rXn-]n-Sn¨p tkhn-¡-s¸-Sp-ó-Xmb kvt\lw ico-c-¯nóv kv\nKv²X hcp-¯msX KpZ-¯nð¡qSn ]pd-t¯¡v t]mIp-ó-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw.

eh-tWm-]-lnXmx kvt\lmx kvt\l-b´yNncm-ócw X²y-`n-jy-µy-cq£w N kq£va-apjvWw hyhmbn N.

97

Dt¸m-Sp-Iq-Sn-t¨Àó kvt\lw a\p-jys\ DSs\ kv\nKv²-X-bp-Å-h-\m-¡p-óp.  ImcWw D¸v A_n-jy-µnbpw (tZmj§sf Onó-`n-ó-am-¡p-ó-Xpw) cq£-a-ñm-¯Xpw kq£vahpw (i-co-c-¯nsâ kq£va-`m-K-§-fnepw IqSn {]th-in-¡p-ó-Xpw) DjvWhpw (kvt\-ls¯ thKw ]Nn-¸n-¡p-ó-Xpw) hyhm-bnbpw tZlw apgp-h³ hym]n-¨n«v ]mIw hcp-ó-Xpw) BIp-óp.  (A-t¸mÄ £W-¯nð kv\nKv²X hc-W-sa-¦nð C´p¸v tNÀ¯ s\¿v sImSp-¡-W-sa-óÀ°w)

kvt\l-\t{K {]bp-RvPoX XXx tkzZ-a-\-´cw kvt\l-tkz-tZm-]-]-óky kwtim-[-\-a-tY-Xcw.

98

Fñm-änepwsh¨v ap¼v kvt\lw {]tbm-Kn-¡-Ww.  kvt\l-]m-\hpw tkzZ-{In-bbpw sNbvX-hóv AXn-\p-tijw ha-\tam hnc-N-µtam Bb ti[-\-{Inb sN¿-Ww.  AXn-\p-tijw kwi-a\ NnInÕ sN¿-Ww.

X{X-tÇ-Ixþ kvt\lmx kvt\l-hn[nx Irðkv\m hym]ð kn²n kt`-jPw bYm-{]iv\w `K-hXm hymlr-Xw-Nm{µ `mKn\m

99

kvt\l-§-fpsS hnh-c-Ww, kvt\l-§-fpsS k¼qÀ® D]-tbm-K-hn-[n, kvt\l-hym-]-¯v, Huj-[-§tfmSpIqSnb NnInÕ Fón-hsb kw_-Ôn¨p Aán-th-i³ tNmZn-¨-Xn-ó-\p-k-cn¨p N{µ-`m-K-]p-{X-\mb Bt{X-b-`-K-hm³ hnh-cn¨psIm-Sp-¯p.

CXy-án-thi IrtXXt{´ Nc-I-{]Xn kwkvIrtX

kq{X-Ømt\ kvt\l-²ymtbm ƒ\ma

{Xtbm-Ztim²ymb