Aymbw  19

AjvtSmZcobw

tmI :

AYmtXm ƒ jvtSmZcob aymbw hymJymkymax.

CXnlkvaml `Khm\mt{Xbx.

1

C\n AjvtSmZcobw F Aymbs Bt{Xb `Khm D]tZinXp{]Imcw Xs Anthi aljn hnhcnppv.

Cl JezjvSmhpZcmWn AjvSuaq{XmLmXx AjvSu octZmjmxAjvSu

tctXm tZmjmx k]vXIpjvTm\n k]vX]nUImx k]vXhnkmx jUXokm

cmx jUpZmhmx ]Kpamx ]oltZmjmx ]Imkmx ]

izmkmx ]lnmx ]XrjvWmx ]Obx ]`kym\i\

m\m\n ]intcmtcmKmx ]lrt{ZmKmx ]]mWvUptcmKmx ]

tmmZmx NXztcm ƒ]kvamcmx NXzmtcmntcmKmx NXzmcx I

tcmKmx NXzmcx {]Xniymbx NXzmtcm apJtcmKmx

NXzmtcm {KlWntZmjmx NXzmtcmaZmx NXzmtcm aqtbmx NXzmcx

timjmx NXzmcn ss_ym\n{XbtimYmx {XnWnInemkm\n {Xnhn[w

temlnX]nw ZzuPzcu Zzu{hWu Zzmhmbmau tZzKrykyu tZzIm

ate Zznhn[amaw Zznhn[hmXcw Zznhn[m\yimwkn GIx Ducp

kvXw`x GIx kw\ymkx GtIm almKZx hnwiXn IranPmXbx hnwiXn

{]talmx hnwiXntbm\nhym]Zx CXyjvSNXzmcnwi t{ZmKm[nIcWm

\ykvan kw{Ktl kapnjvSm\n.Xm\nbtYmtja`n\ntymax.

2

ChnsS qetcmKfpsS kwJy hnhcnpp. DZctcmK8, aqLmXtcmK8, kvX\ytZmj8, hocytZmj8, IpjvT7 ]oUI7, hnktcmK7, AXnkmctcmK6, DZmh tcmK6, KptcmK5, oltcmK5, Imk5, izmktcmK5, Fn5, ZmltcmK 5, OntcmK5, `Ww IgnmXns ImcWw (AtcmNIw)5, intcmtcmK5, lrt{ZmK5, ]mWvUptcmK5, DmZ5, A]kvamc4, t\{XtcmK4 {]Xniymb4, apJtcmK4, {KlWotZmj4 aqI4, timjtcmK4, \]pwkIX4, tim^3 c]nw3, Pzcw2, {hWw2, Bbmaw2, Kr{kn2, BahnImcw2, hmXcw2, Aiv2, DucpkvXw`w1, almKXw1, IranIfpsS PmXnI20, {]taltcmK20, tbm\ntcmK20, Cns\ Cu kw{Kln 48hn[ tcmKfpsS B[mcsfbmWptinpXv Ahsb hgn{Ian hnkvXcnp]tZinpXcmw.

AjvSmhpZcmWoXn hmX]n I^kn]mX ol_mnt{ZmZtIm

ZcmWoXn.

3

hmtXmZcw, ]ntmZcw, It^mZcw, kn]mtXmZcw, otlmZcw, _tmZcw, Ont{ZmZcw, PtemZcw Fv atlmZc tcmK C{]ImcamIpp.

AjvSu aq{XmLmX CXn hmX ]n I^kn]mXmivaco. icm ip

{ItimWnXPm CXn.

4

hmXw, ]nw, I^w, k]mXw, Aivacn, ipw, cw Fnh \nanambpmIpXmWv 8aq{XmLmX tcmK.

AjvSu octZmjm CXn sshhyw sshKyw sshckyw ss]n

eyw t^\kwLmtXm cuyw KuchaXnkvt\ltXn.

5

\ndt`Zw, KhyXymkw, ck]cnh\w, hgphgpv, IqSpX \pc, cqX, (kv\nKvXbnmbva) Kuchw (InIqSpX), AXnbmb kv\nKvX FnhbmWv 8octZmj.

AjvSutctXm tZmjm CXn \\p ipjvIw t^\neatizXw

]qXyXn ]nnea\y[mXp]lnX ahkmZntNXn.

6

t\cnbXmbncnpI, ipjvInncnpI, \pcbpmIpI, kzm`mhnIamb sh\ndanmXncnpI, ZpapmIpI, AXnbmb hgphgppmIpI, cmZn av [mXp Iept]mIpI, nWipIvfambncnpI FnhbmWv 8ipIvftZmj.

k]vXIpjvTm\oXn I]mtemZqw_c aWvUejy Pnlzm

]pWvUcoI kn[vaIm ImWIm\oXn.

7

I]mew, DZpw_cw, aWvUew, EjyPnlzw, ]pWvUcoIw kn[vaw, ImIWIw FnhbmWv 7IpjvTtcmK.

k]vX]nUIm CXn icmhnIm I]nIm Pmen\o kj]yePo hn\Xm

hn{Z[ntXn. k]vXhnkm CXn hmX]n I^mn Ia{Kn k

n]mXmJymx.

8

icmhnIm, I]nIm, Pme\n, kj]n, AePn, hn\Xm, hn{Z[n Fo{]ImcamWv 7]nUII, hmXPw, ]nPw, I^Pw, Anhnkw Iahnkw, {Knhnkw, kn]mXhnkw FnhbmWv 7hnk tcmK.

jUXnkmcm CXn hmX]n I^ kn]mX `btimIPmx jUpZmh

m CXn hmX aq{X ]qcoj ip{InhYpPmx.

9

hmXPw, ]nPw, I^Pw, kn]mXPw, timIPw Fn{]ImcamWv 6AXnkmc, hmXw (At[mhmbp) aq{Xw, aew, ipw, On, Xp Fnh \ntcm[npIbmepmIpXmWv 6DZmh tcmK.

]Kpam CXn hmX ]n I^ kn]mX timWnXPmx. ]n

ltZmjm CXn Kpssa hymJymXmx.

10

hmXw, ]nw, I^w, kn]mXw, cw Fnh \nanw DmIpXmWv 5KptcmK oltZmj Asw Kpv ]dXp t]mse hmX]nI^kn]mXcP\yamIpp.

]Imkm CXn hmX ]n I^X bPmx ]izmkm CXn a

tlmzn XaIp{Zmx. ]lnm CXn alXp Kw`ocmhypt]Xm

p{ZmNmPm N.

11

hmX, ]nw, Xw, bw FnhsImpmIpXmWv 5ImktcmK, almizmkw, Duzizmkw, Onizmkw, XaIizmkw, p{Zizmkw FnhbmWv 5izmktcmK, alXo, iw`ocm, hyt]Xm, p{Zm, APw FnhbmWv 5FnI.

]XrjvWm CXn hmX]nmatbm] kmnImx ]Ob CXn

ZznjvSm kwtbmK hmX ]n I^ kn]mtXmt{ZImnImx.

12

hmXnIw, ss]nIw, BaPw, bPw Hu]knIw Fn{]ImcamWv 5ZmltcmK, CjvSanm Blmc km[\fpsS kwtbmKwsImpw hmX{][m\ambpw ]n{][m\ambpw I^{][m\ambpw kn]mXn]mInIambpw DmIpXmWv Aphn[ OnI.

]`kym \i\ m\m\oXn hmX]n I^tZzjmbmkx ]

intcm tcmKm CXn ]qtmtia`nkaky hmX]n I^ kn]mX

IranPmx.

13

hmXw, ]nw, I^w, tZzjw, ITn\mzm\w sImpmIp oWw Fnh \nanambpmIpXmWv 5hn[ AtcmNI. apv Inbxinckobmymbn hnhcnXpt]mse hmX]nI^kn]mX IranP\yfmWv 5hn[ intcmtcmK.

]lrt{ZmKm CXn intcmtcmssK hymJymXx. ]]mWvUptcmKm

CXn hmX]n I^ kn]mXarx.

14

Av lrt{ZmK intcmtcmK hnhcnXpt]mse hmX]nI^kn]mXIranP\yamIpp. hmXw, ]nw, I^w, kn]mXw, avXnpI FnhbmepmIpXmWv 5]mWvUptcmK.

]tmmZm CXn hmX]n I^ kn]mXmKp \nanmx. NXzm

tcm ƒ ]kvamcm CXn hmX]n I^kn]mX \nanmx.

15

hmXw, ]nw, I^w, kn]mXw, BKpIw Fnh \nanapmIpXmWv 5DmZ tcmK, hmXw, ]nw, I^w, kn]mXw Fnh \nanapmIpXmWv 4A]kvamc.

NXzmtcm ƒ ntcmKmx. NXzmtcm I tcmKmx NXzmcmx {]Xniymbx

NXzmtcm apJtcmKmx, NXzmtcm {KlWotZmjmx, NXzmtcmtaZmx, NXzm

tcm aqtbm CXy]kvamssc hymJymXmx.

16

4t\{XtcmK, 4ItcmK, 4{]Xniymb, 4apJtcmK, 4{KlWotZmj, 4at\mhn{`atcmK, 4tamlmekytcmK Fnhsbmw A]kvamcnv ]dXpt]mse hmXPambpw ]nPambpw I^Pambpw kn]mXPambpw DmIpXmWv.

NXzmcmx timjm CXn kmlk kmcWb hnjhnjami\Pmx.

NXzmcn ss_ym\oXn _otPm]LmXmzP `wKmcmbmx ip{Ibm.

17

kmlk{]hn, aeaq{XmZnthK[mcWw, [mXpbw, hn[n{]ImcamsXbp Blmcw Fnh \nanapmIpXmWv 5btcmK, _oP\miw, enwtKmm\`wKw, hmIyw, ipIvfbw Fnh \nanamWv 4hn[nep \]pwkIXzw DmIpXv.

{Xbx timYm CXn hmX ]n tjva\nanmx. {XoWnInemkm\oXn c
Xm{a ipm\n, {Xnhn[w temlnX ]nanXypz `mKat[m`mKap`b

`mKw Nx

18

hmX ]n I^ \nanapmIpXmWv. 3hn[ tim^ cXm{aipIvfhnemWv 3hn[ Inemk (izn{X) Iv, aqv, sNhn, hmb Fo Duz`mKfn IqSn cw t]mIpXpw KpZnqSnbpw enwKnqSnbpw cw t]mIpXpw D`bamnqSnbpw cwt]mIpXpambn c]nw aqv hn[nemIpp.

ZzuPzcmhnXn DjvWm`n{]mbx ioXkap ioXm`n{]mbtmjvW kapx Zzu{hWu CXn \nPmKpP. ZzhmbmamhnXn _mly

m`yc. tZzKr{kymhnXn hmXmZzmXI^m.

19

ioXImcWwsImpmIpIbpw tcmKn \nZm\ hncpamb DjvWs B{KlnpIbpw sNpXpw DjvWImcWw sImpmIpIbpw sNpXpambn Pzcw cphn[nemIpp. icoctZmjw sImpmIp \nPsapw _mlytlXphmb A`nLmXmZn \nanw DmIp BKpshpw {hWw cphn[nemIpp. _mlymbmaw (icocw ]pdtImv hfbpXv) Acmbmaw (icocw Dntemv hfbpXv) Fns\ BbmatcmKw cmIpp. hmXwsImpmIpXpw hmXI^wsImpmIpXpambn Kr{kn cphn[amIpp.

tZz Imame tImjvTm{ibm imJm{ibmN. Zznhn[mamaanXyektIm hn

jvSNnImN. Zznhn[w hmXcanXn Kw`ocapm\w N Zznhn[m\y

imwkoXn ipjvImWym{ZmWnN.

20

tImjvTm{inXsapw imJm{inXsapw Imane cphn[amIpp. AekamIpsapw hnjqNnIsbpw Baw cphn[amIpp. Kw`ocw (Acm{inXw) Dm\w (Namwkm{inXw) Fns\bmWv 2hmXc. ipjvImiv, B{Zmiv Fnns\bmWv 2AtimtcmK.

GI DucpkvXw` CXn Ba{XntZmjkapm\x. GI kw\ymk CXn {XntZmjmIu a\x icocm[wjvTm\ kapx. GtIm almKX CXn AXzm`n\nthix.

21

Backhpw {XntZmjhpw \nanapmIpXmWv Hcp DucpkvXw`tcmKw {XntZmjfpw tIm]np a\nt\bpw icoctbpw B{ibnpmIpXmWv k\ymktcmKw. (a\pw icochpw Hcpt]mse oWnp arX{]mb\mbn InSp Hcp AkmytcmKamWv k\ymkw.) bYm XXzs AXmbXv \nXym\nXytbpw lnXmlnXtbpw Adnbm Ignbm Hcp almtcmKamWv AXXzm`n\nthiw.

hnwiXn IranPmXb CXn bpImx ]n]oenIm Zznhn[m _lne Pmx, tIimZmtema Zzo]mx kuckm HuZpw_cm PpamXctXn jtimWnXPmx, A{mZm DZcmZm lrZbmZpcthm Z`]pjv]mx. kuKnIm almKpZmtXn k]vXI^Pmx, ItIcpImatIcpImteenlmx kiqeImx kukpcmZmtXn ]]pcojPm CXn hnwiXnx IranPmXbx.

22

IranIfpsS PmXnI 20BIpp. CXn t]\pw Cucpw icocns _mlyaen\npmIp cv PmXn IranIfmIpp. tIimZw, temamZw, temaZzo]w, kuckw, HuZpw_cw, PpamXm Chbmdpw cP\yamIpp. A{mZw, DZcmZw, lrZbmZw, Npchw, Z`]pjv]w, kuKnIw, almKpZw Ch Ggpw I^P\yamIpp. ItIcpIw, atIcpIw, teenl, kiqeIw, kukpcmZw Cu Apw aeP\yamIpp. IranI Ccp]Xv PmXnsbv ]dXv C{]ImcamIpp.

hnwiXnx {]talm CXn DZItaltjpcktal km{taliv

N km{{]kmZtal iptal ip{Ital ioXtal

iss\tal knIXm tal emetaltXn Zitjva\nan

mx mctal Imetal \oetal temlnXtal a

RvPnjvSmtal lkvXtal a[ptaltXn NXzmtcm hmX\nan

m CXn hnwiXnx {]talmx.

23

{]talw 20hn[amIpp. CXn DZItaZw, Cpcktalw, km{talw, km{{]kmZtalw, ipIvftalw, ip{Italw, ioXtalw, iss\talw, knIXmtalw, emetalw Ch ]pw I^talamIpp. mctalw, Imetalw, \oetalw, temlnXtalw, aRvPnjvSmtalw, lcn{Zmtalw, Ch Bdpw ]ntalamIpp hkmtalw, amtalw, lkvXntalw, a[ptalw Ch \mepw hmXtalamIpp. 20{]talw ]dXv C{]ImcamIpp.

hnwiXntbm\n hym]Z CXn hmXnIo ssjvanIo tNXnNX{kx, tZm

jZqjy kwk{]IrXn \ntssichinjvSmx tjmUi\nniyt, XZyYm ctbm\nmcPkvIm]mNcWmNmXnNcWmN {]mIvNc

WmtNm]pXm ]cnpXmtNmZmhn\oN In\oN ]p{XLv\oNm

apJo N kqNnapJo N ipjvImNhman\oN jWvUtbm\o alm

tbm\ntXn hnwiXntbm\nhym]Zx tIhembapttim btYmti

a`n\nnjvtSm `hXo.

24

tbm\otcmKw 20BIpp. CXn hmXnIhpw ss]nIhpw ssjvanIhpw kmn]mXnIhpambn \mepw tijn ]Xn\msdw tZmjP\yambpw kwkP\yambpw kzm`mhnIambpw DmIpXmIpp. B 16tbm\ntcmK C{]ImcamIpp. 1. ctbm\n (tbm\nbnqSnbp c{]h\w IqSpXembpmIpXv.) 2. AcPkvIm (tbm\nbnqSnbp c{]h\w IpdhmbnpXv.) 3. ANcWm. 4. AXnNcWm, 5. {]mIvNcWm, 6. D]pXm, 7. ]cnpXm, 8. DZmhn\n, 9. In\o , 10. ]p{XLv\o, 11. AapJo, 12. kqNoapJo, 13. ipjvIm, 14. hman\o, 15. jWvUtbm\n, 16. almtbm\n C{]ImcamWv 20 tbm\ntcmK, ChnsS ]dhsbmwXs DtinsXp{]Imcw hnhcnsncnpp.

k Gh \nPmhnImcm\m\yX hmX ]n It^t`ymƒ `n \nh

t bmlniIp\nx kmZnix ]cn]X XzwOmbmt\mXn hX,

XYm kz[mXpsshjay\nanmx kthnImtcm hmX ]n I^m

\mXnht, hmX ]ntjvaWm Xp Jezm\ kwm\ {]IrXnhntijm kaoy XZmIm\]n khnImcmw kvXmwkvX\mt\thm]Znin _pnax.

25

\nPtcmKsfmwXs hmX ]nI^sfsmmsX asmpsImpw DmIpX. ]n FhnsS ]dptmgpw Xs \ngens\ F{]Imcw hnp]ncnbmXncnppthm A{]Imcw kz[mXpsshjay \nanfmb tcmKsfmw Xs hmX ]n I^sf hnp]ncnbpX. BbXn\m hmX ]n I^fpsS m\w, eWw, {]IrXn (kahmbn ImcWw) FnhbpsS hntijs t\mnbnv hmXmZntZmjP\yamb Fm tcmKpw _pnam\mbh AXmXn\pkcn t]cvXs D]tZinncnpp. AXmbXv BatZmjwsImpw {XntZmjhpw tIm]npw Ducp kvXw`np tcmKnv m\hntijwsImv DucpkvXw`w Fp ]dbpp. icocn Fns\ ]nUI s]mnbmepw AXns eWhntijwsImv ]nUI Fp ]dbpp. DZctcmKw Fv ImcWwsImpmIppthm B ImcW hntijtfmSp tNp DZctcmKsf ]dbpp Fw.

`hn Nm{X

kz[mXp sshjay \nanPmtb

hnImckwLm_lhx icotc

XtXm]rYIv ]n I^m\nte`y

BKphkvtXzh XtXmhninjvS

26

kzw [mXpsshjayw \nanambn icocn DmIp At\Iw tcmKkwL hmX]nI^fn\nv thsdb. Fm BKptcmKfn AXn\nv `namWv. AXmbXv \nPtcmKt]mse BKp tcmK BZyw tZmjZqjyamb DmIpsXw.

BKpct\zXn \nPwhnImcw

\nPkvXYmKpa]n {]hrx

X{Xm\p_w {]IrXnw N kayIv

mXzmXXx Ikamct`Z.

27

A`nLmXP\yambpw `qXP\yambpw DmIp BptcmKw hnm \nPtcmKambnocpIbpw AXpt]mseXs tZmjP\yamb \nPtcmKw hnm BKptcmKw (`qXIoSmWpGerms apXembh _m[nmepmIp tcmKw) BbnocpIbpw sNpw. Ans\bpmIp tcmKfn A\p_ (]noSpmIp) tcmKfpsSbpw {]IrXn (aqe`qX) tcmKfpsSbpw \hw a\nemnbnv AXn\ptijw NnIn XpSWw.

X{XtmIu

hnwiImssI Imssh {XnImtmm kv{Xbkv{Xbx

ZznImmjvSu NXpjvIm ZiZzmZi ]Imx.

NXzmcmjvSIm hmx jIuZzu k]vXImkv{Xb

AjvtSmZcotb tcmKmWmaymtb tcmKmWmymtb kw{]IminXm.

28

29

tcmK 20hoXapXpw HmtcmpXpw apqpXpamb h apqmbpw cv hoXapXv Fpw \mevhoXapXv ]pw Av hoXapXv ]{pw FphoXapXv \mepw Bdpw cpw Ggpw hoXapXv aqpw hfmbn BsI 48 tcmKsf Cu AjvtSmZcobmymbn hnhcnsncnpp.

CXynthi IrtXXt{ NcI{]Xn kwkvIrtX

kq{Xmt\ tcmKNXpjvtI AjvtSmZcotbm \mssatIm\

hnwtim ƒ ymbx

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